Quantification of structure–property relationships for plant polyesters reveals suberin and cutin idiosyncrasies

Polyesters, as they exist in planta, are promising materials with which to begin the development of “green” replacements. Cutin and suberin, polyesters found ubiquitously in plants, are prime candidates. Samples enriched for plant polyesters, and in which their native backbones were largely preserved, were studied to identify “natural” structural features; features that influence critical physical properties. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray scattering methods were used to quantify structure–property relationships in these polymeric materials. The degree of esterification, namely, the presence of acylglycerol linkages in suberin and of secondary esters in cutin, and the existence of mid-chain epoxide groups defining the packing of the aliphatic chains were observed. This packing determines polymer crystallinity, the resulting crystal structure, and the melting temperature. To evaluate the strength of this rule, tomato cutin from the same genotype, studying wild-type plants and two well-characterized mutants, was analyzed. The results show that cutin’s material properties are influenced by the amount of unbound aliphatic hydroxyl groups and by the length of the aliphatic chain. Collectively, the acquired data can be used as a tool to guide the selection of plant polyesters with precise structural features, and hence physicochemical properties

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Avaliação dos serviços hospitalares de emergência do estado do Rio de Janeiro Evaluation of emergency hospital services in the state of Rio de Janeiro

O presente estudo avalia as Unidades Hospitalares de Urgência/Emergência e registrou a relação da emergência com usuários, outros serviços do hospital e com a rede assistencial. Abordou a relação entre trabalhadores, a dimensão do seu quadro, formação e vencimentos. Relacionou a infra-estrutura cobrindo aspectos essenciais da organização, onde a assistência foi um dos componentes desse objeto mais amplo. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com aplicação de questionário para os chefes de serviços, em uma amostra de 30 hospitais. Os depoimentos indicam que a ineficiência da atenção básica e da rede induzem à superlotação (que atingiu 80% dos hospitais), o que deteriora as condições de trabalho e assistência. O déficit de recursos humanos encontrado foi maior que o tecnológico. A precariedade dos vínculos empregatícios foi apontada como fator que dificulta a fixação e qualificação do profissional. Os itens melhor avaliados foram: relacionamento com chefia, confiança e expectativa com o serviço. Os piores foram salários, tamanho de equipe e medicina do trabalho. O investimento em recursos humanos é imprescindível. Há necessidade das políticas públicas articularem intervenções mais efetivas já que as vigentes definem a configuração dos territórios sanitários com suas redes hierarquizadas e solidárias.<br>This study aimed at the evaluation of urgency/emergency hospital units and recorded the relations of emergency units with users, other hospital services and the healthcare network and approached the size of the teams, the relations among the professionals, their qualification and income. It further describes the infrastructure of these services including basic organizational aspects. The aspect care was one component in this broader object. It is a descriptive study applying a questionnaire to the heads of the emergency services of a sample of 30 hospitals.The statements suggest the overcrowding of emergency services (in 80% of hospitals) deteriorating the work and care conditions to be due to the inefficiency of primary care and the healthcare network. The deficit of human resources was found larger than the lack of technology. The precarious employment relations were considered a factor hampering the qualification and retention of professionals. The most favorably evaluated items were: relationship with service heads, trust and expectations with regard to the service. The worst items were: wages, team size and labor medicine. The nvestment in human resources is indispensable. There is a need for public policies that articulate more efficient interventions given that those in force are defining the configuration of territories with their hierarchized and solidary networks

ESICM LIVES 2016: part two : Milan, Italy. 1-5 October 2016.

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