Psychiatric nurses experiences regarding physical restraint

Introduction: Physical restraint is a commonly used intervention in mental health institutions. Restraint is used to preserve safety and security, at the same time, it causes physical physiological negative effects on patients, as well as nurses. Nurses are the main professionals in charge of restraint, and they suffer its impact directly. Objective: The purpose of this review is to analyse psychiatric nurses’ experiences when applying physical restraint. Methodology: This systematic review of the literature performed its search in three databases (PubMed, PsychInfo and CINHAL). With terms like “Psychiatry”, “Nurse”, “Experiences” and “Restraint” it elected 171 articles from 2012-2022, the number was reduced to 11 final articles. Results: Four main categories related to nurses’ experiences were found. Firstly, individual, and professional characteristics. Secondly, the level of knowledge regarding restraint nurses possess. Thirdly, nurses’ attitudes, emotions, ideas, and ethical debates towards restraint. Finally, nurses’ practices. Conclusion: Psychiatric nurses experiences regarding restraint should continue to be studied. There exists a relation between knowledge, attitudes and practices that needs to be investigated in order to improve the quality of care.Introducción: La contención mecánica es una práctica habitual en las unidades de psiquiatría. A pesar de utilizarse para mantener la seguridad. Puede acarrear consecuencias físicas y psicológicas negativas en pacientes cómo en enfermeras. Estas últimas sufren su impacto directamente. Objetivo: Este estudio de la literatura busca analizar las experiencias de las enfermeras, en unidades psiquiátricas, a la hora de llevar a cabo una contención mecánica. Metodología: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en tres bases de datos (PubMed, PsychInfo y CINHAL). Mediante términos similares a “Psiquiatría”, “Enfermera”, “Experiencias” y “Contención” se seleccionaron 171 artículos publicados entre los años 2012 y 2022. El número de artículos se redujo a 11. Resultados: Los resultados de esta investigación se dividen en cuatro categorías. Comenzando por las características individuales y profesionales de las enfermeras. Siguiendo por el nivel de conocimiento aplicado a las contenciones mecánicas que poseen las enfermeras. A continuación, las actitudes, emociones y dilemas éticos alrededor de dicha práctica. Finalmente, cómo se refleja todo lo anteriormente mencionado en las prácticas de enfermería.Conclusión: Las experiencias de las enfermeras psiquiátricas deben seguir siendo estudiadas. Se ha hallado una relación entre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas que debe seguir siendo investigada para mejorar la calidad de los cuidados

Interventions to prevent loneliness in older adults living in nursing homes

Introduction: The number of older adults is increasing worldwide, as a result their need for institutionalized care is rising. One of the problems older adults experience when going to a nursing home is loneliness. Loneliness affects the person quality of life, so it is vital to help prevent it with appropriate interventions. Objective: To explore the different kind of interventions to prevent loneliness of older adults living in nursing homes. Methodology: This systematic review used three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo) and searched for articles from 2010 to 2020 using search terms like “older adults”, “prevent”, “loneliness”, and “intervention”. From an initial 124 articles, 16 articles were selected at the end. Results: Two main themes were found: person-to-person/group interventions and technological interventions. All interventions showed positive results in reducing the perception of loneliness. Group interventions showed high success on reduction of loneliness. For technological intervention, the use of a pet robot created an atmosphere where residents socialize. Videoconferencing and messaging showed the need of a third party implication. Conclusion: Interventions found in this review are an effective way of alleviating loneliness even if interventions were vaguely described, and there was not follow up for long-term effectiveness.Introducción: El número de personas mayores está incrementando en todo el mundo, por lo que la necesidad de cuidados para personas institucionalizadas aumentará. Uno de los problemas que las personas mayores experimentan cuando van a una residencia es la soledad. La soledad afecta a la calidad de vida de las personas, por lo que es importante prevenirla mediante intervenciones apropiadas. Objetivo: Presentar diferentes tipos de intervenciones para prevenir la soledad en personas mayores institucionalizadas. Material y métodos: Está revisión utilizó tres bases de datos (PubMed, CINAHL y PsycInfo) y se buscaron artículos entre los años 2010-2020. Se utilizaron términos cómo “older adults”, “prevent”, “loneliness” y “intervention”. De una selección inicial de 124 artículos, se seleccionaron 16 artículos. Resultados: Se encontraron dos temas principales: intervenciones entre personas o grupos de personas e intervenciones tecnológicas. Todas las intervenciones mostraron resultados positivos. Las intervenciones grupales mostraron una gran efectividad. Las intervenciones de videoconferencias y mensajes necesitaban a una tercera personas para poder llevarse a cabo. Las relacionadas con el robot Paro creaban una atmósfera donde los residentes les resultaba más fácil interaccionar. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones fueron efectivas para aliviar la soledad, a pesar de descripciones imprecisas de las intervenciones y la falta de seguimiento a largo plazo

La familia como objeto de cuidado: hacia un enfoque integrador en la atención de enfermería

Hemos leído con gran interés y detenimiento el artículo “Cuestionario para evaluar la importancia de la familia en los cuidados de enfermería. Validación de la versión española (FINC-NA)”, publicado en el volumen 38 de esta revista1. El estudio de Pascual Fernández y colaboradores aborda el impacto que la enfermedad tiene en la familia y, por ende, la necesidad de incluir a ésta en los cuidados de salud. El trabajo persigue la adaptación de la escala “Families importance in nursing care-nurses attitudes” (FINC-NA) al contexto español, como instrumento que permite conocer las actitudes de los profesionales de enfermería hacia la participación de la familia en el proceso de cuidado, y la posibilidad de involucrarla en el mismo

Enfoque sistémico familiar: un marco para la atención profesional en la enfermedad de alzheimer

El progresivo envejecimiento de la población, junto con el aumento de la prevalencia e incidencia de enfermedades crónicas y discapacitantes, como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, y la creciente demanda de cuidados de larga duración, suponen un desafío para el actual sistema de bienestar social y sanitario. En particular para el denominado sistema informal de cuidados, la familia. La enfermedad de Alzheimer supone para la familia una situación nueva y estresante, que rompe la lógica de los acontecimientos vitales y llega a modificar el funcionamiento normal del grupo. Es por este motivo que no solo la persona afectada, sino toda la unidad familiar debería considerarse objeto de la atención profesional. El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre la adopción de un enfoque de cuidados integrador, positivo y sistémico, centrado en la unidad familiar, que dirija la atención hacia las competencias y fortalezas de la familia, y no exclusivamente a sus dificultades

Peer-led BASICS intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences among university students: a randomized controlled trial

IntroductionAlcohol consumption is the main substance abused during university and is associated with physical, legal, emotional, social, and cognitive consequences. The peer-led BASICS intervention has been shown to be effective in decreasing the quantity and frequency of drinking, the estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and the number of binge drinking episodes among this population.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of the peer-led BASICS intervention to reduce risky alcohol consumption among university students in the Spanish context.Materials and methodsA two-arm randomized controlled trial in a university in northern Spain including 308 first- and second-year university students recruited between October 2022 to March 2023. The intervention was a 30-min in-person peer-led motivational interview. Participants were assessed at baseline and 1-month postintervention. The primary outcome was the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption during a typical week. The intervention effect was verified using a mixed factorial ANOVA model.ResultsCompared with students in the control group, students who received the intervention reduced the number of drinks per week by 5.7 (95% CI 5.54, 5.86); the number of drinks consumed in a typical weekend by 5.2 (95% CI 5.07, 5.33); the number of drinks consumed on the occasion of greatest consumption by 4.9 (95% CI 4.78, 5.02); the number of binge drinking episodes by 1.4 (95% CI 1.37, 1.43); the peak BAC on a typical week and on the occasion of greatest consumption decreased by 0.06 (95% CI 0.058, 0.062) and 0.09 (95% CI 0.088, 0.092); the number of alcohol-related consequences by 5.8 (95% CI 5.67, 5.93); and the motivation to change their alcohol use increased by −0.8 (95% CI −0.85, −0.75).ConclusionThe peer-led BASICS intervention is effective in changing alcohol consumption and its related consequences among Spanish university students in the short term. The action of nursing students as counselors positively impacted drinking patterns among their peers.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05639374?intr=Effectiveness%20of%20a%20Peer-led%20Program%20to%20Prevent%20Alcohol%20Consumption&rank=1&page=1&limit=10, identifier: NCT05639374

Effectiveness of web-based personalised feedback interventions for reducing alcohol consumption among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Issues: Meta-analysis was conducted to examine standalone web-based persona-lised feedback interventions (PFI) delivered in non-structured settings for reducing university students' alcohol consumption. Subgroup analyses by gender-focus, type-of-content and accessibility were conducted. Characteristics of the sample, the intervention and study quality were examined as moderators. Approach: Ten databases were searched from 2000 to 2023. Eligible articles involved only randomised controlled trials. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the effect size on weekly alcohol consumption comparing web-PFIs and non-active controls. Meta-regressions were applied to explore effect moderators. Key Findings: Thirty-one studies were included in the narrative synthesis, 25 of which were meta-analysed. Results found significant effect size differences on weekly alcohol consumption in favour of the intervention group in the short-(SMD = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06, 0.15) and long-term period (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.15). Subgroup analyses identified that interventions which were gender-specific, multicomponent and had unlimited access had higher and significant effect sizes, although they were very similar with respect to comparative groups. Moderator analyses showed that times feedback was accessed significantly contributed to the effectiveness of the intervention. Effects diminished over time, although they remained significant. Implications: The meta-analysis evidences the effectiveness of web-PFI for addressing university students' alcohol use, decreasing by 1.65 and 1.54 drinks consumed per week in the short-and long-term, respectively. Conclusions: The results offer empirical evidence that supports the significant, although small, effect of web-PFI delivered remotely in universities. Futur

Training nursing students in motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse: A mixed method study

Background Motivational interviewing led by nurses has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption among university students. However, most of these professionals feel that they lack the competence necessary for motivational interviewing due to a lack of formal training in the nursing curriculum. Objectives To design, implement and evaluate a motivational interviewing training course for alcohol misuse in an undergraduate nursing curriculum and to explore students' experiences with this course. Design A mixed-methods study involving a descriptive comparative quantitative design and qualitative focus group interviews with nursing students. Settings An elective nursing course in a Spanish university. Participants A total of 21 fourth-year nursing students. Methods The course was developed as a twelve-week, two-hour course. It comprised three modules covering the concepts, tools and skills associated with motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected after the completion of the course to evaluate the training received by students; these data were categorized using Kirkpatrick's model. The quantitative results included students' satisfaction, knowledge, skills and attitudes, which were measured using an ad hoc questionnaire, a multiple-choice exam, and two rater-based assessments (the Peer Proficiency Assessment instrument and an evidence-based checklist). Qualitative focus groups were used to explore students' experiences of the entire programme. Results Students' satisfaction with the course was rated 9 out of 10, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of the course content. The quantitative and qualitative results both indicated that all students acquired the knowledge necessary to perform motivational interviewing and significantly improved their motivational interviewing microskills. Only half of the students reached the level of proficiency in two of the three ratios calculated. The three main themes identified pertained to the learning atmosphere, module methodologies, and students' self-perceptions of competence. Finally, the students reported having transferred their learning to clinical practice. Conclusion A course on motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse positively influences nursing students both personally and in terms of their future professional work by improving their knowledge, skills, attitudes and self-perceived competence

Validación lingüística del Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire para profesionales de enfermería en España

Fundamento. Los profesionales de enfermería son uno de los grupos más afectados por el estrés laboral, lo que puede afectar la calidad de vida del profesional y comprometer la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería. A nivel internacional, el Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) ha demostrado ser una herramienta breve, válida y fiable para evaluar el estrés laboral. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener una versión adaptada al español del DCSQ para profesionales de enfermería. Método. La validación lingüística se realizó en dos fases: 1) traducción-retrotraducción y adaptación lingüística del instrumento y 2) validación de contenido del instrumento mediante un panel de siete expertos y evaluación de la aplicabilidad y comprensión de la versión adaptada en una muestra de veintiún profesionales de enfermería. Resultados. Fase 1) En el proceso de traducción, un ítem precisó cambios semánticos, mientras que cinco ítems precisaron cambios sintácticos. Las retrotraducciones fueron similares. Las dudas más relevantes se encontraron en el ítem 5, identificado como un ítem problemático a lo largo de todo el proceso. Fase 2) El análisis de la validez de contenido mostró excelentes resultados (índice de validez de contenido ≥ 0,90 y valores de kappa ≥ 0,65); además, el estudio piloto confirmó la adecuada comprensibilidad y aplicabilidad del cuestionario. Conclusiones. El empleo de una metodología sistemática y rigurosa ha permitido obtener una versión adaptada al español del DCSQ, conceptual y lingüísticamente equivalente al instrumento original, y adecuada para valorar de manera multidimensional el estrés psicosocial de profesionales de enfermería en el ámbito laboral.Background. Nursing professionals are one of the groups most affected by work-related stress, which may affect the professional’s quality of life and the quality of nursing care. At the international level, the DemandControl-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) has proved to be a brief, valid and reliable tool for assessing psychosocial stress at work. The objective of this study was to obtain a Spanish version of the DCSQ for nursing professionals. Methods. The linguistic validation proceeded in two phases: 1) forward-translation, back-translation and linguistic adaptation of the instrument and 2) content validation of the instrument using a panel of seven experts, and evaluation of the applicability and comprehension of the adapted version in a sample of twenty-one nursing professionals. Results. Phase 1) In the translation process, one item required semantic changes, while five items required syntactic changes. The back-translation versions were similar, and the most relevant doubts were found in item 5, identified as a problematic item throughout the entire process. Phase 2) The content validity analysis showed excellent values (content validity index ≥ 0.90 and Kappa index values ≥ 0.65); moreover, the pilot study confirmed the adequate comprehensibility and applicability of the questionnaire. Conclusions. The use of a systematic and rigorous methodology made it possible to obtain a Spanish version of the DCSQ that is conceptually and linguistically equivalent to the original instrument and suitable for assessing psychosocial stress of nursing professionals in the workplace in a multidimensional manner

Training nursing students in motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse: a mixed method study

Background: Motivational interviewing led by nurses has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption among university students. However, most of these professionals feel that they lack the competence necessary for motivational interviewing due to a lack of formal training in the nursing curriculum. Objectives: To design, implement and evaluate a motivational interviewing training course for alcohol misuse in an undergraduate nursing curriculum and to explore students' experiences with this course. Design: A mixed-methods study involving a descriptive comparative quantitative design and qualitative focus group interviews with nursing students. Settings: An elective nursing course in a Spanish university. Participants: A total of 21 fourth-year nursing students. Methods: The course was developed as a twelve-week, two-hour course. It comprised three modules covering the concepts, tools and skills associated with motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected after the completion of the course to evaluate the training received by students; these data were categorized using Kirkpatrick's model. The quantitative results included students' satisfaction, knowledge, skills and attitudes, which were measured using an ad hoc questionnaire, a multiple-choice exam, and two rater-based assessments (the Peer Proficiency Assessment instrument and an evidence-based checklist). Qualitative focus groups were used to explore students' experiences of the entire programme. Results: Students' satisfaction with the course was rated 9 out of 10, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of the course content. The quantitative and qualitative results both indicated that all students acquired the knowledge necessary to perform motivational interviewing and significantly improved their motivational interviewing microskills. Only half of the students reached the level of proficiency in two of the three ratios calculated. The three main themes identified pertained to the learning atmosphere, module methodologies, and students' self-perceptions of competence. Finally, the students reported having transferred their learning to clinical practice. Conclusion: A course on motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse positively influences nursing students both personally and in terms of their future professional work by improving their knowledge, skills, attitudes and self-perceived competence

Atención centrada en la familia: un modelo para abordar los cuidados de la demencia en la comunidad

El progresivo envejecimiento de la población ha conllevado un aumento de la prevalencia e incidencia de enfermedades crónicas y discapacitantes como la demencia. Esta, a su vez, ha aumentado la demanda de los llamados cuidados de larga duración en la comunidad. Este hecho está suponiendo un reto para los sistemas de atención sanitaria y social, que han intentado dar una respuesta, al mismo tiempo que han intensificado los esfuerzos para contener costes. En este artículo, a través de una reflexión crítica, se propone un enfoque de cuidados integrador, positivo y sistémico, centrado no solo en la persona afectada, sino en toda la unidad familiar. Para ello, se aborda el impacto que la demencia tiene para la familia y, por consiguiente, para los cuidados profesionales en atención primaria, y se sugieren estrategias de atención dirigidas al fortalecimiento del sistema familiar