Occurrence and Surgical Reconstruction of Perineal Lacerations and Rectovaginal Fistulae in Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to throw light on the occurrence and surgical repair of perineal laceration (PL) and rectovaginal fistula (RVF) in dairy cows. A report of  10 Holstein–Frasian and Holstein dairy cattle, suffering a PL of second degree (2nd PL; n=1) and third degree (3rd PL; n= 6) as well as RVF (n=3). Surgical repair of the 2nd PL and 3rd PL was performed by a one-stage Goetz technique. While the repair of RVFs was performed either through a one-stage repair or vaginal approach. Healing of wounds, recovery and complications were recorded. 3rd PL in 4 cows (67%) healed by first intention. Three of these cows subsequently became pregnant, while the fourth cow was culled. The laceration of the other two cows (33%) healed except for a small RVF in one cow. The other cow had a first degree perineal laceration (1st PL) that healed without surgical intervention. Two fistulae healed completely and the affected cows became pregnant 2 months after surgery. The third cow with fistula showed persisted a 5-6 mm diameter rectovestibular fistula. Complete healing of  the case of 2nd PL was occurring without complications. It could be concluded that, PL can occur mostly in primiparous cows with difficult assisted deliveries and that one stage repair of PL in cows substantially improves the perineal conformation. The RVF in cows could be corrected either through vaginal approach or a one-stage surgical repair. Breeding after surgical treatment of PL and RVF in dairy cows is advisable

Occurrence and Surgical Reconstruction of Perineal Lacerations and Rectovaginal Fistulae in Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to throw light on the occurrence and surgical repair of perineal laceration (PL) and rectovaginal fistula (RVF) in dairy cows. A report of  10 Holstein–Frasian and Holstein dairy cattle, suffering a PL of second degree (2nd PL; n=1) and third degree (3rd PL; n= 6) as well as RVF (n=3). Surgical repair of the 2nd PL and 3rd PL was performed by a one-stage Goetz technique. While the repair of RVFs was performed either through a one-stage repair or vaginal approach. Healing of wounds, recovery and complications were recorded. 3rd PL in 4 cows (67%) healed by first intention. Three of these cows subsequently became pregnant, while the fourth cow was culled. The laceration of the other two cows (33%) healed except for a small RVF in one cow. The other cow had a first degree perineal laceration (1st PL) that healed without surgical intervention. Two fistulae healed completely and the affected cows became pregnant 2 months after surgery. The third cow with fistula showed persisted a 5-6 mm diameter rectovestibular fistula. Complete healing of  the case of 2nd PL was occurring without complications. It could be concluded that, PL can occur mostly in primiparous cows with difficult assisted deliveries and that one stage repair of PL in cows substantially improves the perineal conformation. The RVF in cows could be corrected either through vaginal approach or a one-stage surgical repair. Breeding after surgical treatment of PL and RVF in dairy cows is advisable

Diagnosis and Surgical correction of salivary affections in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis); a retrospective study

Abstract Aim This study aimed to describe the diagnosis and treatment of various surgical salivary affections in buffaloes. Materials and methods This study included 135 buffaloes examined at Dakahlia Governorate between 2011 and 2022 suffering from various surgical salivary affections. The recorded surgical affections had salivary fistula (n = 44), ectasia of Stenson’s duct (n = 11), ranula/mucocele (n = 46), and cervical sialocele (n = 34). The buffaloes were sedated using an intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) and local infiltration analgesia of lidocaine for specific surgical interventions. Results The salivary duct fistula cases were surgically corrected using a retrograde infusion of povidone-iodine into the duct and its double ligation with Prolene following fistulectomy. Intraoral marsupialization was done in buffaloes suffering from ectasia of the parotid duct. The mucocele /ranula was surgically incised with daily flushing with povidone-iodine. The cervical sialocele was treated by giving an elliptical excision on the sialocele, and sialoadenectomy of the mandibular salivary gland was performed to facilitate dynamic fluid/saliva drainage. A 92.5% of diseased buffaloes showed an uneventful recovery without any postoperative complications after the first treatment, whereas 7.5% of animals tended to recur. The most common and almost equally distributed salivary affections recorded in adult buffaloes were parotid duct fistula, mucocele, and cervical sialocele. The Stenson’s duct ectasia was commonly registered in calves, being congenital. Conclusion Ranula was the most common salivary affection encountered in adult buffaloes, closely followed by parotid duct fistulae and cervical sialoceles. Stenson’s duct ectasia was the least encountered salivary affection in calves and was congenital. All salivary affections were corrected easily and safely, with satisfactory outcomes

Synergistic efficacy of tramadol and meloxicam on alleviation of pain and selected immunological variables after sciatic nerve ligation in rats

This study was performed for evaluation of the effect of pre-operative and post-operative administration of tramadol and meloxicam combination on hyperalgesia and selected inflammatory responses after sciatic nerve ligation in rats. An eighty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups; preemptive analgesic group, in which the rats received analgesic agents 30 min before nerve ligation. Also the nociceptive pain tests were detected before surgery, 120 and 150 min post-analgesics injection. The serum IL-6 and PGE-2 concentrations were detected at 150 min post-analgesics injection. The second group was post-operative analgesic group; in which the rats exposed for the nerve ligation then the rats received analgesic agents at 5 till 11 day’s post-operative. Behavioral tests were performed before surgery and on each even days post-operatively. The serum concentration of IL-6 and PGE-2 was determined at 5, 10 and 14 days post-operative. Tramadol and meloxicam combination had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) reverse hyperalgesia while preemptive administration of tramadol and meloxicam significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum IL-6 production compared to post-operative treatment. In conclusion, the preemptive combination of tramadol and meloxicam produced a potent analgesic effect post nerve ligation in rats

Biostimulation effect of platelet-rich fibrin augmented with decellularized bovine pericardium on full-thickness cutaneous wound healing in Donkeys (Equus asinus)

Abstract Aim The current research aimed to evaluate the potential effect of adding platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to the decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP) on the distal limb of donkeys’ full-thickness cutaneous wounds healing (Equus asinus). Materials and Methods Healthy male donkeys (n = 12) were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, 6 cm2 full-thickness incisions were made on the middle dorsolateral surface of both forelimbs’ metacarpi. The left forelimbs were control wounds, while the right wounds were treated with PRF/DBP. Control wounds were bandaged with a standard dressing after saline irrigation and were evaluated at days 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 post-wounding. PRF/DBP-treated wounds were dressed with a combination of PRF/DBP at the first, second, and third weeks post-wounding. Clinical and histopathological examinations of the wounds were performed to assess the healing process. Additionally, the immunohistochemical evaluation and gene expression profiles of myofibroblastic and angiogenic genes (transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), and collagen type 3α1) were analyzed. Results PRF/DBP wounds had a significantly faster healing process (61.3 ± 2.6 days) than control wounds (90.3 ± 1.4 days) (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical examination and gene expression profile revealed significant enrichment in PRF/DBP wounds compared to control wounds. Conclusion PRF/DBP dressing can be considered a natural and cost-effective biomaterial for enhancing the recovery of donkeys’ distal limb injuries

Cerebrolysin recovers diaphragmatic function and reduces injury-associated astrogliosis following a cervical spinal cord hemi-section injury in rats

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is widely considered the most disastrous medical condition. With no available treatment to date, SCI continues to cause disabilities to the patients and affect their own and their caregivers' quality of life. Cerebrolysin (CBL) is a neuropeptide preparation derived from purified brain proteins with suggested neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. CBL showed earlier the ability to target multiple pathways that helped in the improvement of the recovery following different groups of neurological diseases and injuries, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injuries, and even neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, the neuroprotective effect of CBL following a SCI is called into question using a rat model of spinal cord cervical hemi-section validated earlier by our lab and others. Using 32 rats divided into four groups randomly, CBL treatment was implemented for either 7 or 21 days duration, following the cervical spinal cord hemi-section. Results Following the CBL treatment, rats with cervical cord hemi-section showed functional improvement of diaphragmatic muscle as recorded by electromyography (EMG). In addition, the histopathological assessment of the spinal cord showed improved neuronal viability and reduced astrogliosis at the site of the injury compared to the non-treated group. 21-day treatment showed significant improvement when compared to the shorter 7-day regimen. Conclusion Our data suggest that CBL is capable of protecting and regenerating anterior horn motor neurons with functional recovery of diaphragmatic muscle functions in rats, suggesting the potential use of CBL for future regenerative and neuroprotective therapy following SCI