Effects of Acute and Chronic Electroconvulsive Shocks on Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3[beta] Level and Phosphorylation in Mice

WOS: 000330362600012PubMed: 23807397Objectives Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta) is recently proposed as a novel target in the treatment of mood disorders. Recent evidence has suggested that acute and chronic administration of antidepressants led to inhibition of GSK-3 beta via phosphorylation of Serine9 residue. Acute electroconvulsive shock (ECS) has been reported to increase GSK-3 beta phosphorylation transiently. In this study, the changes in the level of GSK-3 beta and its phoshorylated form (phospho-Ser9-GSK-3 beta) following chronic ECS (cECS) were investigated in mice. Methods Mice were given daily ECS via bilateral corneal electrodes for 10 consecutive days in the chronic group and a single ECS in the acute group. Electrodes were applied without stimulation in corresponding sham groups. Immunoblotting for GSK-3 beta and phospho-Ser9-GSK-3 beta was performed with the frontal cortex and hippocampus samples, extracted 10 minutes after single ECS, and 24 hours after the last ECS in the chronic group. The optical densities of the bands obtained were compared between the active treatment and sham groups for each condition separately. Results The level of phospho-Ser9-GSK-3 beta was not different following chronic ECS, but significantly higher following acute ECS, compared with the corresponding sham group, in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The level of GSK-3 beta was similar to sham following both acute and chronic ECS, in both regions. Conclusions The transient increase in GSK-3 beta phosphorylation observed following acute ECS in the mice hippocampus and frontal cortex was not found to persist 24 hours following chronic ECS. The mechanism of action of ECS does not seem to involve persistent change in the level and phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [SBAG-HD-18-105S012]; Hacettepe University (Scientific Research and Development Office)Hacettepe University [04D10101004]; Brain Research Society (Turkey)This study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, grant no. SBAG-HD-18-105S012), Hacettepe University (Scientific Research and Development Office, grant number: 04D10101004), Brain Research Society (Turkey, 2004 Project Support Award)

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy with High Flow Rate Can Effectively, Safely, and Quickly Reduce Plasma Ammonia and Leucine Levels in Children

Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are the most frequently used treatment modalities for acute kidney injury. CRRT is currently being used for the treatment of several non-renal indications, such as congenital metabolic diseases. CRRT can efficiently remove toxic metabolites and reverse the neurological symptoms quickly. However, there is not enough data for CRRT in children with metabolic diseases. Therefore, we aimed a retrospective study to describe the use of CRRT in metabolic diseases and its associated efficacy, complications, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of all patients admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for CRRT treatment. Results: Between December 2014 and November 2018, 97 patients were eligible for the present study. The age distribution was between 2 days and 17 years, with a mean of 3.77 ± 4.71 years. There were 13 (36.1%) newborn with metabolic diseases. The patients were divided into two groups: CRRT for metabolic diseases and others. There was a significant relationship between the groups, including age (p ≤ 0.001), weight (p = 0.028), blood flow rate (p ≤ 0.001); dialysate rate (p ≤ 0.001), and replacement rate (p ≤ 0.001). The leucine reduction rate was 3.88 ± 3.65 (% per hour). The ammonia reduction rate was 4.94 ± 5.05 in the urea cycle disorder group and 5.02 ± 4.54 in the organic acidemia group. The overall survival rate was 88.9% in metabolic diseases with CRRT. Conclusion: In particularly hemodynamically unstable patients, CRRT can effectively and quickly reduce plasma ammonia and leucine

Treatment of maple syrup urine disease with high flow hemodialysis in a neonate

Continious renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a well recognizied treatment of choice in acute renal failure, however CRRT became a preferred treatment of metabolic emergencies with high leucine and ammonia levels like Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). MSUD is a rare metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in the activity of the branched-chain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. The toxic accumulation of branched chain amino acids during acute metabolic decompensation is associated with the appearance of permanent neurological symptoms. Four patients were admitted to our pediatric intensive care department with complains of poor feeding, vomitting, irratibility and coma. Physical examination of the neonates were similar having stupor, hypotonia and depressed newborn reflexes. The leucine levels were between 930-4400 mu mol/L. The diagnosis of MSUD was confirmed in all four. They were treated successfully with high flow CRRT having the rates were between 4120 ml/h/1.73m2 and 9830 ml/h/1.73m2. Early treatment is essential to prevent neurotoxicity and death. CRRT is a choice of treatment in metabolic crisis of MSUD. Herein, we report the successful treatment of acute metabolic decompensation of MSUD with CRRT in 4 neonates

Evaluation of Iron Sucrose and Ferric Carboxymaltose Therapies in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Objective: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects the quality of life substantially. Recently, different parenteral iron preparations have been used as intravenous iron supplements. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and iron sucrose (IS) treatments in patients with IDA

Electrocardiographic markers for the early detection of cardiac disease in patients with beta-thalassemia major

Objective: To comparatively evaluate P-wave dispersion (PWD) in patients with beta-thalassemia major (TM) and healthy control subjects for the early prediction of arrhythmia risk

Endotel function and thrombotic system evaluation of children whose parents had early onset coronaty heart disease

Aim: First-degree relatives of patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction prior to age of 55 years have 2-7 times the risk that their peers have. The aim of this study was to investigate some haemostatic and inflammatory markers, in children whose parents had early onset (< 55 years) coronary artery disease (CAD), and whether those markers were effective to show CAD risk

Assessment of diastolic function in children and adolescents with beta-thalassemia major by tissue Doppler imaging

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze myocardial diastolic function in patients with beta-thalassemia major before development of overt cardiomyopathy using pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging, and compare data with conventional Doppler echocardiography

Congenital heart disease in children with Down's syndrome: Turkish experience of 13 years.

Background - Down's syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality due to a trisomy of chromosome 21 commonly associated with congenital heart defects (CHDs). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and types of CHD patterns in Turkish children with DS