Utilização dos óleos vegetais na alimentação de cabras leiteiras e seu efeito na qualidade do queijo "tipo coalho"

The reasons to supplement small ruminants with lipids turned out to be an interesting strategy to exploit these animals in semiarid regions frequently affected by food shortage alternation and furthermore, it contributes to the improvement of the milk s lipid profile that is directly related to the nutritional characteristics and sensory properties of dairy products. This study aims to evaluate the effect of supplementation the diet of dairy goats by adding faveleira vegetable oils, sesame and castor oil, and its influence on coalho type cheese s physicochemical quality and its sensory characteristics. Cheeses were produced with milk from crossbred Sannen x Alpina Francesa fed with 4% vegetable oil ( faveleira , sesame and castor) enriched diets and a control, without oil added. The diets experimental tests lasted 76 days and were consisted of a Latin square (4x4), composed by eight animals, randomly divided into four treatments and four periods. In faveleira , sesame and castor oils, thermogravimetric, oxidation and fatty acid profile tests were performed. The goat coalho type cheeses were submitted to microbiological, physicochemical and sensory testing. It was found that the castor oil has a higher stability against oxidation, while faveleira and sesame oils have better profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The inclusion of these vegetable oils doesn t imprint effect (P≥0.05) on the cheeses physicochemical and sensory characteristics. However, supplementation with faveleira and sesame oils affects positively the fatty acids profile with a reduction in the saturated percentage C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 and it improves the long chain fatty acids percentage (C16:0-C24:0), unsaturated C18:1n9cis and C18:2n6cis, highlighting the desirable fatty acids, and significant increases CLA (isomer cis9, trans11). The manipulation of the goats diets with faveleira and sesame oils presented itself as an alternative for improving nutritional characteristics of the coalho type cheese fat.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESAs razões para suplementar pequenos ruminantes com lipídios têm se tornado uma estratégia interessante à exploração desses animais em regiões semiáridas, frequentemente, sujeitas à alternância de escassez de alimentos, além de contribuir para a melhoria do perfil lipídico do leite que está diretamente relacionado às características nutricionais e sensoriais de produtos lácteos. Com este estudo pretende-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação da dieta de cabras leiteiras pela adição dos óleos vegetais de faveleira, gergelim e mamona, e sua influência na qualidade físico-química e nas características sensoriais do queijo tipo coalho . Foram elaborados queijos com leite de cabras mestiças Sannen x Alpina Francesa, alimentadas com dietas enriquecidas com 4% de óleos vegetais (faveleira, gergelim e mamona) e um controle, sem adição de óleo. Os ensaios com as dietas experimentais tiveram duração de 76 dias e consistiu de um Quadrado Latino (4x4), composto de oito animais, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos e quatro períodos. Nos óleos de faveleira, gergelim e mamona foram realizados testes termogravimétricos, de oxidação e o perfil de ácidos graxos. Os queijos de leite de cabra tipo coalho elaborados, foram submetidos a ensaios microbiológicos, físico-químicos e sensoriais. Verificou-se que o óleo de mamona apresenta maior estabilidade à oxidação, enquanto que os óleos de faveleira e gergelim detém melhor perfil de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. A inclusão destes óleos vegetais não imprime efeito (P≥0,05) sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais dos queijos. No entanto, a suplementação com óleos de faveleira e gergelim afeta positivamente o perfil de ácidos graxos com redução nos percentuais dos saturados C12:0, C14:0 e C16:0 e promoveu melhoria dos percentuais de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa (C16:0-C24:0), dos insaturados C18:1n9cis e C18:2n6cis, destacando-se os ácidos graxos desejáveis, e incremento expressivo do CLA (isômero cis9, trans11). A manipulação da dieta de cabras com óleos de faveleira e gergelim apresentou-se como uma alternativa para melhorar as características nutricionais da gordura do queijo tipo coalho

LEITE FERMENTADO DE MARCAS COMERCIAIS: ESTUDO DA ACEITAÇÃO E CORRELAÇÃO COM PH E ACIDEZ

Buscando uma alternativa alimentar mais agradável ao consumo no que se refere às características sensoriais, avaliamos no presente estudo a aceitação sensorial e a intenção de consumo de leites fermentados produzidos com diferentes microorganismos e de grande comercialização no país. Foram avaliadas três amostras de leite fermentado, sendo Produto A (Lactobaci lus casei defensis ) , B (Lactobaci lus paracasei ) e C (Lactobacilus casei e Lactocacilus acidophilus) e submetidas aos Testes Sensoriais de aceitação e intenção de compra, bem como as análises das propriedades físico-químicas de acidez e pH. Observamos que ao analisar sensorialmente estes produtos verificamos di ferença signi ficativa (p<0,05) no atr ibuto sabor. O produto B apresenta-se como sendo o mais ácido e, portanto com valores de pH mais baixo. Os provadores preferiram no que se refere à aceitação sensorial, o leite fermentado mais ácido e todos os produtos seriam possivelmente comprados pelos consumidores

Meat quality characteristics of exotic and SPRD crossbred goats from the semiarid region Qualidade da carne de caprinos exóticos e mestiços SPRD da região semiárida

Thirty-two intact male goats from four genetic groups (eight pure-bred Boers, eight ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbreeds, eight ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds, and eight ½ Anglo Nubian + ½ SPRD crossbreeds) were evaluated for meat quality. The goats were reared in confinement and slaughtered at the average live weight of 29 kg. Temperature and pH decrease in the longissimus dorsi muscle was determined for 24 hours, and analyses of colour, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and sensory attributes were also performed. Genotype significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the confinement period; ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds required the most time in confinement to reach the target weight, while the pure-bred Boers required the least time. Genotype also significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the weight loss due to cooking, shearing force, colour (intensity of yellowness and luminescence), and the sensory attributes of flavour, odour, and raw colour of the meat. The crossing of exotic Boer and Anglo Nubian breeds with the native SPRD resulted in a goat meat of high quality.<br>Trinta e dois caprinos machos não castrados de quatro grupos genéticos, oito da raça Boer Puro, oito mestiços de ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD, oito mestiços de ½ Boer + ½ SPRD e oito mestiços de ½ Anglo Nubiano + ½ SPRD, foram utilizados para caracterizar a sua qualidade de carne. Os caprinos foram criados em confinamento e abatidos com o peso vivo médio de 29 kg. Em conjunto com as análises de cor, foram determinados o decréscimo da temperatura e do pH durante 24 horas no músculo longissimus dorsi, a perda de peso por cocção, a capacidade de retenção de água e sensoriais. O genótipo (p < 0,05) influenciou significativamente o período de confinamento: mestiços de ½ Boer + ½ SPRD apresentaram maior número de dias em confinamento, enquanto os Boer Puro alcançaram o peso final no menor período de dias. O genótipo também influenciou significativamente (p < 0,05) os parâmetros de perda de peso por cocção, força de cisalhamento e cor (intensidade de amarelo e luminescência) e os atributos sensoriais de sabor, odor e cor de carne crua. O cruzamento das raças Boer e Anglo Nubiana com os nativos SPRD resultou em carne caprina de elevada qualidade

Meat quality characteristics of exotic and SPRD crossbred goats from the semiarid region

Thirty-two intact male goats from four genetic groups (eight pure-bred Boers, eight ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbreeds, eight ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds, and eight ½ Anglo Nubian + ½ SPRD crossbreeds) were evaluated for meat quality. The goats were reared in confinement and slaughtered at the average live weight of 29 kg. Temperature and pH decrease in the longissimus dorsi muscle was determined for 24 hours, and analyses of colour, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and sensory attributes were also performed. Genotype significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the confinement period; ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbreeds required the most time in confinement to reach the target weight, while the pure-bred Boers required the least time. Genotype also significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the weight loss due to cooking, shearing force, colour (intensity of yellowness and luminescence), and the sensory attributes of flavour, odour, and raw colour of the meat. The crossing of exotic Boer and Anglo Nubian breeds with the native SPRD resulted in a goat meat of high quality

Sensory profile and physicochemical parameters of cheese from dairy goats fed vegetable oils in the semiarid region of Brazil

AbstractThe supplementation of vegetable oils in the diets of dairy goats may enhance to improve nutritional and sensory qualities of goat milk and cheese. Cheese was made from milk of crossbred Saanen×French Alpine goats fed diets containing 4% vegetable oils (faveleira oil, sesame oil or castor oil), and physicochemical parameters, texture profile, colour and fatty acids of the goat cheeses were analysed. The sensory attributes of the goat cheese were analysed using quantitative descriptive analyses. The cheeses exhibited similar physicochemical and sensory attributes (P≥0.05) regardless of the animals’ diets. For cheeses made from the milk of goats fed sesame oil, the hardness was lower, and the cheeses were softer than the control (P<0.05). Faveleira oil and sesame oil positively affected the fatty acid profile of the cheese. In general, the addition of different oils to the diets of dairy goats did not promote changes in the sensory quality of the cheese produced and can be used as a dietary supplement

Chemical composition and fat profile of meat from crossbred goats reared under feedlot systems

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical quality and fat profile of meat from crossbred goats (native and exotic) reared under feedlot systems. Thirty-two entire male goats were divided in equal number into four racial groups: eight pure Boer breed, eight ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbred, eight ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbred and eight ½ Anglo Nubian + ½ SPRD crossbred. All goats were reared under feedlot system and slaughtered at the average age and live weight of 223 days and 29 kg, respectively. The chemical composition including moisture, protein, ash, fat, cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids was determined. The breed types had no significant effect on moisture, protein, ash, fat, cholesterol and phospholipids contents. However, the percentages of oleic and stearic acids and the MUFA/SFA ratio showed significant differences between the four breed groups, with percentages ranging from 0.72 for ¾ Boer + ¼ SPRD crossbred to 0.95 for ½ Boer + ½ SPRD crossbred. The oleic acid (C18:1) was found in the highest percentage in the fatty acid profile in goat meat, particularly for ½ Boer + ½ SPRD and ½ Anglo + ½ SPRD genotypes. The crossing of exotic Boer and Anglo Nubian breeds with the natives SPRD resulted in a goat meat of high quality, even at a ratio of 50%, since the goat meat showed low cholesterol percentage and high protein and unsaturated fatty acids contents