The Antifeedant, Insecticidal and Insect Growth Inhibitory Activities of Euphorbia Lathyrism L. Plant Extracts on Cetonia Aurata L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Cetoniidae)

Insecticides have been linked to serious toxicological and environmental issues. The purpose of this study is to assess the insecticidal efficacy of dough produced from the roots of caper spurge or paper spurge (Euphorbia lathyris) and to classify chemicals based on their toxicity levels. Keywords: Cetonia aurata, Euphorbia lathyrism, antifeedant, insecticidal DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-6-02 Publication date: April 30th 202

Identification of Mesophylic Bacterial Flora in Deceased Worker Adults of Apis mellifera caucasia (Pollmann, 1889)

Apis mellifera, widely farmed around the world, is the most economically important species within the genus Apis. While the microbiota of live honey bees have been extensively examined, bacteria found in deceased honey bees (which might indicate infection or opportunistic pathogens) is in contrast poorly studied. Therefore, we decided to investigate the mesophilic bacterial flora of dead honey bees. So, in September 2013, dead adult worker honey bees were collected from 12 different cities, most of which were in the border provinces of Turkey. We identified bacterial isolates at the species level by using different morphological, biochemical, physical and molecular methods, in conjunction with molecular phylogenetic analysis. We constructed phylogenetic trees for isolated bacteria with the MEGA 6.0 program and neighbor-joining trees were reconstructed based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees indicated that isolates DE003, DE007, DE011, DE001, DE019 and DE016, DE029 could be new members of the genera Erwinia, Acidovorax, Hydrogenophaga and Bacillus genus, respectively. In the bioassay study results, we observed that DE019 Hydrogenophaga sp. (64.7%) and DE004 Klebsiella grimontii (73.3%) had lethal effects on the honey bees. The other mortalities ranged from 10% to 25% (p>0.05), and according to a One-Way ANOVA analysis DE004 and DE019 significantly affect the A. mellifera caucasia in adult worker honey bees. This study is the first report of Hydrogenophaga as honey bee pathogen

Akdeniz un güvesi Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın biyolojik kontrolünde entomopatojenler

Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important insect pests that invade the stored grain of many grains around the world. Chemical control is a very preferred method in the fight of this pest. However, due to the economic, social and environmental damages of chemicals, the interest in biological control, which is an alternative method, is gradually increasing. Entomopathogens have very important in biological control and that cause desired infections in pests. Entomopathogens include many species such as viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi and nematodes. In recent years, entomopathogeic nematodes; Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis sp., Steinernema sp., and Xenorhabdus nematophila, entomopathogenic fungi; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (=Isaria fumosorosea), Beuveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, entomopathogenic bacteria; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Photorhabdus temperata and Bacillus subtilis, entomopathogenic protists; Vairimorpha ephestiae, Leidyana ephestiae, Mattesia dispora and Mattesia oryzaephili, and virus; Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) were reported from E.kuehniella. In this review, it is aimed to evaluate the recent status of these entomopathogenic organisms found or tested for E. kuehniella.Akdeniz un güvesi Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), dünyada birçok depolanmış tahılı istila eden en önemli böcek zararlılarından biridir. Zararlıyla mücadelede kimyasal mücadele çok tercih edilen bir yöntemdir. Bununla birlikte, kimyasalların ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel zararlarından dolayı, alternatif bir yöntem olan biyolojik kontrole olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Entomopatojenler biyolojik kontrolde çok önemlidir ve zararlılarda istenen enfeksiyonlara neden olurlar. Entomopatojenlerin virüsler, bakteriler, protistler, mantarlar ve nematodlar gibi birçok türü vardır. Son yıllarda, entomopatojenik nematodlar; Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis sp., Steinernema sp. ve Xenorhabdus nematophila, entomopatojenik mantarlar; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (=Isaria fumosorosea), Beuveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, entomopatojenik bakteriler; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Photorhabdus temperata, Bacillus thuringiensis ve Bacillus subtilis, entomopatojenik protistler; Vairimorpha ephestiae, Leidyana ephestiae, Mattesia dispora ve Mattesia oryzaephili ve son olarak Nükleer Polihedrozis Virüs (NPV) E. kuehniella’da bulunmuş yada ona karşı test edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, E. kuehniella popülasyonlarında bulunan veya test edilen bu entomopatojenik organizmaların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır

Differential transform method for solving singularly perturbed Volterra integral equations

AbstractIn this work, the applications of differential transform method were extended to singularly perturbed Volterra integral equations. To show the efficiency of the method, some singularly perturbed Volterra integral equations are solved as numerical examples. Numerical results show that the differential transform method is very effective and convenient for solving a large number of singularly perturbed problems with high accuracy

In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and chemical characterization of Hypericum perforatum L. essential oil

Ticari olarak temin edilen Hypericum perforatum L.’den izole edilmiş olan esansiyel yağ örneğinin hekzan ve etanol olmak üzere iki farklı çözgen kullanılarak hazırlanan ekstraktlarının in vitro antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktiviteleri ve kimyasal kompozisyonu belirlendi. Sarı kantaron esansiyel yağı antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin test edilebilmesi amacıyla disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak bazı bakteri ve mantar türlerine karşı incelendi. H. perforatum esansiyel yağının kimyasal içeriği ise GC/MS yöntemi ile belirlendi. Tüm bakteri ve mantar suşlarına karşı hekzan özütünün etanol ekstraktına nazaran daha etkili olduğunu sonucuna varıldı. Sarı kantaron yağı funguslara karşı bakterilerden daha yüksek antimikrobiyal etki gösterdi. Ancak standart antibiyotiklerle karşılaştırıldığında hem etanol hem de hekzan ekstraktları durumunda aktivite daha düşüktür. esansiyel yağ %2 oranındaki numunesinin antioksidan aktivitesi de 3 farklı yöntem kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve örneğinin DPPH radikalini süpürme etkinliğinin test edilen diğer metotlara göre daha etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Yapılan kimyasal karakterizasyon çalışmalarıyla GC/MS analizleri sonucunda alan değeri (%) en yüksek olan bileşikler başlıca %4.78 karvakrol, %8.15 dekan, %7.63 nonan, %9.04 p-simen, %15.04 limonen, %11.80 alpha-para-dimetilstiren, %4.21 kamfor ve %7.77 isoborneol olmak üzere 60 farklı bileşik tanımlandı.In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical composition of extracts prepared using two different solvents, hexane, ethanol, of commercially available essential oil sample isolated from Hypericum perforatum L. were determined. St. John's Wort essential oil was examined for various bacteria and fungi by using disc diffusion method to test its antimicrobial effectiveness. The chemical content of H. perforatum essential oil was determined by GC/MS method. It was concluded that hexane extract is more effective than ethanol extract against all bacterial and fungal strains. St. John's Wort oil had higher antimicrobial effects against fungi than bacteria. However, compared to standard antibiotics, activity is lower in the case of both ethanol and hexane extracts. The antioxidant activity of the 2% essential oil sample was also evaluated using 3 different methods and it was concluded that the oil sample's effectiveness of sweeping the DPPH radical was more effective than the other methods tested. With the chemical characterization as a result of GC/MS analysis 60 different compounds were identified including mainly carvacrol (4.78%), decane (8.15%), nonane (7.63%), p-cymene (9.04%), limonene (15.04%), α,p- dimethylstyrene (11.80%), camphor (4.21%), Isoborneol (%7.77) according to their highest area (%)

Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias de algunas plagas de álamo.

Se registra el estudio de la flora bacteriana de cuatro importantes plagas de álamo, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sciapteron tabaniformis Rott (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), Nycteola asiatica (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) y Gypsonoma dealbana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en la búsqueda de agentes de control ecológicamente alternativos contra las plagas del álamo y disminuir los efectos indeseables causados por los plaguicidas químicos en el área urbana y los bosques urbanos. Se aislaron e identificaron cuarenta y tres bacterias de las larvas y adultos de estas plagas a partir de cinco localidades diferentes. Todos los aislados bacteriales fueron cultivados e identificados usando los sistemas VITEK (VITEK® 2 GN ID card prod. no; 21341 and VITEK® 2 GP ID card prod. no; 21342, bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile). Los miembros de los géneros de las familias Bacillaceae y Enterobacteriaceae fueron aislados con más frecuencia de ambos insectos de la plaga

COVID-19 infection in pregnancy: A single-center experience in Rize in the Eastern Black Sea Region

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to share the clinical experiences of mothers and their babies (perinatal, natal) who encountered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy. Material and Methods: The study was carried out retrospectively, 62 pregnant individuals were diagnosed with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Demographic characteristics, clinical course, laboratory and radiological findings and clinical results of the baby were evaluated by examining electronic and file records. Results: The average age of the 62 pregnant women included in the study was 29.8 +/- 4.7 (19-42) years, and the average gestational week at the time of admission was 28.5 +/- 10.4 (5-40) weeks. More than half of the patients (80,6%) on admission were in their third trimester. The most common initial symptoms were cough (45.2%), myalgia (43.5%),) fever (21%). In total, 15 of the pregnant women had evidence of COVID-19 pneumonia in lung involvement. The PCR test results of all pregnant women were positive. There were three cases admitted to the intensive care unit, one of whom was due to gestational diabetes. No maternal mortality was recorded. One gestation ended in a miscarriage and two women gave birth prematurely. One stillbirth occurred at the 33h week of gestation. Among 22 neonates, two were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal mortality, congenital malformation, and mother- to- child transmission were not observed in newborns. Discussion: The results of our study suggest that the clinical course of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women was mostly asymptomatic/mild

Clopidogrel responsiveness in chronic kidney disease patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is conflicting evidence about effect of CKD on clopidogrel responsiveness. We aimed to evaluate the clopidogrel responsiveness in CKD patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: A total of 101 patients; 55 with moderate to severe CKD and 46 with normal renal function or mild CKD, hospitalized with ACS were included in our study. Multiplate test was used to determine clopidogrel responsiveness. Platelet aggregation results were presented as aggregation unit (AU)*min and values over 470 AU*min were accepted as clopidogrel low responders. Results: The 101 patients (mean age 64.76±8.67 years; 61 [60.4%] male) were grouped into the two study groups as follows: group 1; 55 patients with eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and group 2; 46 patients with eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m2. 35 patients (34.7%) of the study population were found to have low response to clopidogrel (16 [34.8%] patients in group 1 and 18 [33.3%] patients in group 2, p=0.879) . There was no significant difference between group 1 and 2 for Multiplate test results (414.67±281.21 vs 421.56±316.19 AU*min, p=0.909). Clopidogrel low responsiveness were independently related to Multiplate test results of aspirin responsiveness (OR=1.004, CI 1.002–1.007, p=0.001) and hemoglobin (OR=0.727, CI 0.571–0.925, p=0.010). Multiplate results were also independently related to Multiplate test results of aspirin responsiveness (β=0.402, p<0.0001) and hemoglobin (β=-0.251, p=0.007). Conclusion: Platelet response to clopidogrel does not differ between patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m2

Association Between Bifurcation Angle and Coronary No-reflow Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients

Objective:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the treatment method for patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). One of the well-known complications of PCI is no-reflow. Studies demonstrated a relationship between endothelial dysfunction and disturbed vascular flow due to angulation of vascular tree. Although the relationship between hemodynamic alterations and coronary angulation is evident, there is a lack of detailed analysis in terms of hemodynamic changes between vascular geometry and coronary no-reflow. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between vascular geometry and coronary no-reflow.Method:We reviewed PCI database of our hospital and enrolled a total of 120 patients with STEMI, who developed no-reflow following PCI, and sex and age matched 80 patients with normal flow. For each group, demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory values and two dimensional quantitative coronary angiography measurements were evaluated.Results:Patients with no-reflow had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In addition, serum C-reactive protein levels were higher in patients with no-reflow compared to patients with normal flow (p<0.001). On the other hand, serum hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in patients with no-reflow compared to patients with normal flow (p<0.001). With respect to 3 dimensional coronary measurements, calculated bifurcation angle of left anterior descending artery (LAD) and circumflex artery (CX) was significantly wider in the no-reflow group than in the control group [110.9° (21.8°) vs. 85.9° (15.8°), p<0.001].Conclusion:Our data showed that a strong association existed between bifurcation angle of LAD-CX and no-reflow phenomenon in STEMI patients who underwent PCI