Predictivity of inflammatory cell counts in early diagnosis of hydatidiform mole

Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most frequently encountered disease among gestational trophoblastic diseases. HM can invade myometrium and result in hysterectomy and because of the absence of any predictive method, the disease  can  be lately diagnosed in the periphery. Author aimed to evaluate predictive value of  the inflammatory cell counts in molar pregnancies in this study.Methods: Nineteen (19) cases with histopathologic HM diagnosis and 19 cases of control group with pregnancy termination or abortion material reached to a university hospital's pathology department on the same day were included in the study. The data on the same day or the day before the operation was used as the hemogram data.Results: The mean age of the cases were 33.84±8.477. The mean of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil and eosinophil numbers of the HM group and control group were compared in the 95% confidence interval with the independent t test. No statistical significance was observed in any of the inflammatory cell means  (p>0.05). The ratio of lymphocyte means was statistically significant (p=0.006).Conclusions: In this study, author assessed whether the inflammatory cell counts were a predictive in detecting HM. The statistically significant results that author founded in the means of lymphocyte, suggests that this finding may be predictive of early diagnosis. They concluded that this result can be routinely used after the confirmation of the results in larger series of cases

Seed micromorphology and anatomy of 36 Muscari (Asparagaceae) taxa from Turkey with notes on their systematic importance

This study presents the first in-depth evaluation of the morphological and anatomical characters, as well as their taxonomic importance, of the seeds of 36 taxa in subgenera Muscari, Leopoldia, Pseudomuscari and Botryanthus of the genus Muscari in Turkey, where 24 of the taxa are endemic. The results indicate that the taxa generally differ from each other in terms of seed shape and dimension. Seed dimensions vary between 1.66 mm and 3.21 mm in length, and between 1.12 mm and 2.63 mm in width. The seed surface ornamentation is grouped into nine forms: ruminate, reticulate, reticulate-areolate, reticulate-foveate, alveolate, scalariform, rugose, verrucate and areolate. The most common type is ruminate, while areolate, reticulate-foveate and scalariform ornamentation forms were found to be taxon-specific. Testa structures of the taxa examined consist in general of two different layers: the epidermis and the subepidermis in scleranchymatous or parenchymatous structures. The subepidermis may be absent in some of taxa. The structure and thickness of the epidermis and the subepidermis are very important characteristics that disclose interspecific relations among the examined taxa. We also provide a key for the identification of the studied taxa based on seed features

Land Use-Land Cover (Lulc) Changes in Turkey (1990-2012)

Son yıllarda daha karmaşık ve çok yönlü bir boyut kazanan arazi kullanımı-arazi örtüsü değişiklikleri, canlı yaşamı açısından zararlarla sonuçlanacak olumsuz bir karakter kazanmıştır. Doğal yapısından uzak ve marjinal AKAÖ desenlerinin ortaya çıkmasına tetikleyen bu durum, biyom krizlerine veya ekosistem degredasyonuna sebep olduğu gibi en nihayetinde küresel iklim ve biyosferle ilişkili doğal sistemlerin de zarar görmesine yol açmıştır. 1970’lerden itibaren uluslararası bilim toplulukları tarafından dikkat çekilen bu problemin çözümü için, AKAÖ özelliklerinin tespiti ve izlenmesi konusunda çeşitli yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden en yaygın kullanılmakta olanı, CORINE sistemidir. Bu çalışmada, CORINE sistemine göre Türkiye’deki AKAÖ değişikliklerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, 1990 ve 2012 yılları arasında AKAÖ sınıflarında gerçekleşmiş değişimler ile bu değişimlerin nedenleri ve sonuçları üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma, ulusal ve uluslararası arazi izleme sistemlerine destek olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. CBS teknikleri ve karşılaştırmalı kartografik yöntemlerden yararlanılan çalışmada, temel materyal olarak Copernicus Land Monitoring Services sisteminden çekilen veri setinden faydalanılarak hazırlanmış AKAÖ haritaları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, Türkiye’de 1990-2012 yıllarını kapsayan 22 yıllık zaman sürecinde CORINE arazi örtüsü sınıflandırması 1. seviye sınıflarına göre en büyük değişimin (%0.6) 2. tarımsal alanlar sınıfında yaşandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca azalma yönünde en belirgin değişimlerin de 3. orman ve yarı doğal alanlar (%-1.5) sınıfında gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir.Changes in land use-land cover, which have gained a more complicated and multi-faceted dimension in recent years, have a negative character that may result in harming the lives of living beings. Triggering the appearance of marginal LULC patterns that are far from being natural, this situation has not only led to biome crises or degradation of ecosystem but also caused the natural systems associated with global climate and biosphere to be harmed. Various methods for determining and monitoring the characteristics of LULC have been developed to solve this problem, which has been brought into the forefront by international scientific communities since the 1970s. Among these methods, the most commonly used one is CORINE. The present study aims to determine the changes in LULC in Turkey through CORINE. The study focused on the changes in LULC classes between 1990 and 2012 and the causes and effects of these changes. The study is significant in that it supports national and international land monitoring systems. Employing the GIS techniques and comparative cartographic methods, the study used the LULC maps prepared based on the dataset extracted from Copernicus Land Monitoring Services as the main material. The findings of the study indicate that, according to the CORINE land cover classification 1st level classes, the biggest change (0.6%) took place in “2. Agricultural areas” class in Turkey in the 22-year period from 1990 to 2012. The findings also show that the most obvious downward changes occurred in “3. forest and semi natural areas” class (-1.5%)

The Effect of Acute Aerobical Exercise on Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation of Athletes

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation in athletes.36 healthy male athletes participated voluntarily with the age (20.9 ± 1.6 yrs), weight (69.8 ± 5.5 kg) and height (169.6 ± 3.7 cm), who studied at school of physical education and practiced 90 minutes of exercise 6 days a week,. This study was conducted with the approval of Ethics Committee of Health Sciences Institute with session date specified in article of Ethics Committee, dated in 13.09.2017.The heights, body weights and VO2 max values of participants were determined by VO2 max shuttle run test once, pre- and post-shuttle run heart rates and oxygen saturations were determined by pulse oximetry. The statistical analysis of data was made in SPSS 21.0 for windows package program. The normality test of data was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and it was found that data was not normally distributed. The Wilcoxon test, a nonparametric test, was used to determine for difference between pre-test and post-test. The significance value was taken at level 0.01.As a result of statistical analyses, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between oxygen saturations and heart rates of participants before and after exercise. In conclusion, it can be said that acute aerobic exercise can reduce oxygen saturation

TÜRKİYE’DE ARAZİ KULLANIMI-ARAZİ ÖRTÜSÜ (AKAÖ) DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİ (1990-2012)

Son yıllarda daha karmaşık ve çok yönlü bir boyut kazanan arazi kullanımı-arazi örtüsü değişiklikleri, canlı yaşamı açısından zararlarla sonuçlanacak olumsuz bir karakter kazanmıştır. Doğal yapısından uzak ve marjinal AKAÖ desenlerinin ortaya çıkmasına tetikleyen bu durum, biyom krizlerine veya ekosistem degredasyonuna sebep olduğu gibi en nihayetinde küresel iklim ve biyosferle ilişkili doğal sistemlerin de zarar görmesine yol açmıştır. 1970’lerden itibaren uluslararası bilim toplulukları tarafından dikkat çekilen bu problemin çözümü için, AKAÖ özelliklerinin tespiti ve izlenmesi konusunda çeşitli yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden en yaygın kullanılmakta olanı, CORINE sistemidir. Bu çalışmada, CORINE sistemine göre Türkiye’deki AKAÖ değişikliklerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, 1990 ve 2012 yılları arasında AKAÖ sınıflarında gerçekleşmiş değişimler ile bu değişimlerin nedenleri ve sonuçları üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma, ulusal ve uluslararası arazi izleme sistemlerine destek olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. CBS teknikleri ve karşılaştırmalı kartografik yöntemlerden yararlanılan çalışmada, temel materyal olarak Copernicus Land Monitoring Services sisteminden çekilen veri setinden faydalanılarak hazırlanmış AKAÖ haritaları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, Türkiye’de 1990-2012 yıllarını kapsayan 22 yıllık zaman sürecinde CORINE arazi örtüsü sınıflandırması 1. seviye sınıflarına göre en büyük değişimin (%0.6) 2. tarımsal alanlar sınıfında yaşandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca azalma yönünde en belirgin değişimlerin de 3. orman ve yarı doğal alanlar (%-1.5) sınıfında gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir

Environmental effects of spatiotemporal change in quarries in naip plain and its surroundings (Tekirdag)

The need for building materials in Turkey, increasing in recent years as a result of uncontrolled growth of urbanization, is mostly met with products made in brick and tile factories. The materials used for making these products are obtained from quarries, which mostly operate as open pits. However, uncontrolled and intensive use of quarries leads to various environmental problems in the course of time. This study aims to explain the environmental effects of temporal and spatial changes in the quarries from which raw materials for brick and tile industries are extracted in the Naip Plain and its vicinity, standing as the most important production zone in the Tekirdag province, which is one of the primary brick and tile production areas in Turkey. Within the scope of the study, the states of the quarries in the area in the recent past (2012) and at the present time (2017) were tried to be analyzed through ground data based on the analysis results of water and soil samples and the image analyses supported by GIS and RS techniques. In this way, the degree and the way the Naip Plain, which is one of the most important geographical formations of both the Thracian Peninsula and the Tekirdag province, is affected by mining activities performed as an open pit were revealed. The findings of the study indicate that significant temporal and spatial changes took place in the quarries located in the Naip Plain and in its close vicinity. These uncontrolled changes brought about environmental effects influencing the region in ecologic, economic, and aesthetic terms. The solution of these problems requires a sustainable plan in the first place. Otherwise, irreversible losses may be experienced by the sensitive ecosystems around the Naip Plain in the near future. © 2018, Centenary University. All rights reserved

“Athlete Weight Loss Methodology and Effects Scale”: Validity and reliability study“Sporcu Kilo Düşme Yöntemleri ve Etkileri Ölçeği”: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to identify the weight loss methodology preferred by athletes and to determine the effect of the chosen weight loss methodology on themselves. On this purpose, a sample group, composed of athletes from wrestling, boxing, judo, taekwon do, karate and kick-box have been formed. Totally 466 (86 female, 380 male) athletes who especially loose weight previously their matches comprised the sample group of the study.In the analysis part of the study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to initial version of the scale which had an item pool of 32 item. According to the criteria's 21 item loaded on 5 factor which had eigen value over 1 remained. Factors were named as “Physical Effects” (items; 10, 12, 13, 14, 11), “Psychological Effects” (items; 19, 17, 18, 15, 16), “Ergogenical Support” (items; 8, 9, 7),  "Diet" (items; 2, 3, 1) and "Dehydration" (items; 6, 5, 4). In the evaluation of items 5 point Likert type scale was used. The Cronbach's alpha values of the factors ranged between .56 and .86. Total scale's Cronbach's alpha value was .74. The correlation tests between factors revealed significant positive correlation, (p<0.01).As a result, "Athlete Weight Loss Methodologies and Effects Scale" comprised of 19 items grouped under 5 factors revealed a valid and reliable construct, which can be used as an instrument in scientific research studies aimed to determine the preferred weight loss procedures athletes use and the effect of the conducted weight loss methodology on their performance. ÖzetBu çalışma; müsabakalar öncesi kilo düşen sporcuların tercih ettikleri kilo düşme yöntemlerini ve bu yöntemlerden etkilenme düzeylerini belirleyecek bir ölçüm aracı geliştirmek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda örneklem grubu, Güreş, Boks, Halter, Judo, Taekwondo, Karate ve Kickboks sporu yapan, özellikle müsabakalar öncesi kilo düşen 86’sı kadın ve 380’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 466 sporculardan oluşmuştur.Çalışmada 32 maddelik soru havuzu oluşturulan ölçeğe, Açıklayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmış ve 19 maddenin, öz değeri 1’den büyük 5 faktör altında toplandığı saptanmıştır. Bu faktörler, “Fizyolojik Etkiler” (10,12,13,14,11), “Psikolojik Etkiler” (19,17,18,15,16), “Ergojenik Yardım” (8,9,7),  Diyet (2,3,1) ve Sıvı Kaybı (6,5,4) alt boyutları olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ölçek maddelerinin değerlendirilmesinde beş noktalı derecelendirme tipi (1= hiçbir zaman - 5 = her zaman) değerlendirme ölçeğinden faydalanılmıştır. Ölçeğin alfa güvenirlik kat sayıları incelendiğinde; Fiziksel Etkiler α=0.80, Psikolojik Etkiler α=0.69,  Ergojenik Yardım α=0.86, Diyet α=0.81 ve Sıvı Kaybı  α=0.56 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toplam ölçeğin alfa değeri ise α=0.74 bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda 5 alt boyut ve 19 maddeden oluşan “Sporcu Kilo Düşme Yöntemleri ve Etkileri Ölçeği” özellikle kilo düşen sporcuların kilo düşme yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerden etkilenme düzeylerinin belirlenmesine yönelik yapılacak ölçümlerde geçerli ve güvenilir olarak kabul edilmiştir

Effects of Different Applications on Postoperative Seroma Formation and Wound Healing Following Mastectomy and Axillary Dissection in Rats

The most frequent postoperative complication after breast surgery is seroma formation. Seroma occurs due to lymphatic and vascular fluid leakage into the dead space created by surgical dissection. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of local fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc applications, and flap fixation technique on reducing seroma formation after mastectomy and axillary dissection. In addition, we aimed to determine the level of efficacy for these applications, as well as to identify the most appropriate method to be used in operations with high risk of seroma formation. Materials and Methods. This experimental study was conducted using a total of 60 female Wistar albino rats. They were allocated into six groups and each comprised ten rats. Unilateral mastectomy and axillary dissection were performed on all the rats. Local applications of fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc, and alcoholic iodine were performed in four separate groups. Flap fixation technique was applied in one group and those rats that did not receive any intervention constituted the control group. On the 10th postoperative day, seroma was aspirated under anesthesia, and the amount of seroma fluid was recorded. Seroma fluid was analyzed for interleukin 1-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and C-reactive protein levels. Tissue samples were obtained from the skin overlaying the dissection area, the axilla, and the thoracic wall. Wound healing was evaluated with histopathological examination. Results. Seroma volume was lower and the wound healing scores were the highest in the flap fixation group and the tetracycline group as compared to the control group. However, the alcoholic iodine group and the talc group had a greater amount of seroma (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the fibrin glue group and the control group. Conclusions. In our mastectomy model, local application of alcoholic iodine and talc substances caused more wound site problems and postoperative seroma formation. While fibrin glue did not cause wound site problems, it did increase seroma formation. These three substances were determined to be inefficacious in postoperative seroma formation. Local tetracycline application and flap fixation technique were found to reduce postoperative seroma and benefit wound healing

Bir ultrakondansatör test sisteminin tasarımı ve deneysel gerçeklenmesi.

In this thesis, a test system is designed and implemented in order to evaluate the basic electrical performance and determine the parameters of ultracapacitors (UC). The implemented UC test system is based on power electronics converters and it is capable of charging and discharging the UC under test with predetermined current profiles. The charging operation is provided by a configuration involving the AC utility grid, a step-down transformer, a diode bridge, and a DC bus filter capacitor followed by a step-down DC-DC converter. The energy stored in the UC under test, as a result of the charging operation, is discharged to a resistor bank through a step-up DC-DC converter and a DC chopper structure. The charging and discharging current applied to the UC under test is provided by means of current mode control of power electronics converters. The control mechanism of the power electronics converters and the transition operations between the charging and discharging phases of the test system is realized via a microcontroller supported hardware structure. In the scope of the thesis study, a UC module composed of five serially connected UC cells is constructed. Constant current and constant power tests are applied to the constructed UC module. The performance of the implemented UC test system is investigated by means of computer simulations and experimental results. Further, basic electrical behaviour of the constructed UC module is evaluated and the parameters are extracted experimentally.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Experımental Investıgatıon Of Lateral Torsıonal Bucklıng Of Cantılever Steel Upe Beams

İnce cidarlı çelik yapı elemanları çekme ve basınç gibi eksenel yüklemelere karşı yüksek mukavemete sahip olduğu için günümüz yapı tekniğinde tercih edilir olmakta ve yapılarda sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Fakat bu elemanlar (I, U, H vs.) genelde çok düşük burulma rijitliğine sahip oldukları için önemli stabilite problemleri ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Yanal burulmalı burkulma durumu çelik yapı kirişlerinin önemli stabilite problemlerinden biridir ve genellikle burulma veya yatay hareket yapması engellenmemiş ince cidarlı elemanlarda meydana gelmektedir. Kuvvetli ekseni etrafında eğilmeye maruz kalan çelik kirişler, uygulanan yükün kritik değere ulaşması ile birlikte yanal olarak bükülerek düzleminin dışında bir hareket sergileyebilirler. Yanal burulmalı burkulma stabilite problemi, burulma veya yanal burkulma sertliğinden çok daha büyük bir düzlem içi burkulma sertliğine sahip çelik kiriş elemanlarda aniden ortaya çıkar. İnce cidara sahip çelik kiriş elemanlarında yanal burulmalı burkulma göçme mekanizması istenmeyen ve aniden meydana gelen bir stabilite problemi haline gelip, bu konuda günümüze kadar son derece sınırlı sayıda çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda çelik yapı tasarımlarında kullanılan UPE tür profiller için yanal burulmalı burkulma stabilite bozulması üzerine yapılan kapsamlı deneysel bir çalışmanın olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle deneysel bir çalışma yapılması planlanmış ve 9 adet UPE80 konsol kiriş deney numunesi serbest ucundan monotonik bir şekilde artan düşey tekil yükleme altında test edilmiştir. Yüklemeler serbest uçtan olmak üzere alt başlık, üst başlık ve gövdeden yapılmıştır. Testler sonucunda deney elemanlarının maksimum taşıma gücü, maksimum düşey ve yatay deplasman değerleri, maksimum uç nokta burulma açısı değerleri hesaplanmıştır.Since thin-walled steel construction elements have high strength against axial loads such as tensile and pressure, they are preferred in today's building technique and are frequently used in structures. However, these elements (I, U, H, etc.) generally have very low torsional stiffness and therefore face significant stability problems. Lateral torsion buckling is one of the major stability problems of steel structure beams and occurs in thin-walled elements, which are generally not prevented from torsion or horizontal movement. The steel beams subjected to bending around the strong axis may exhibit a movement outside the plane laterally with the load being reached to the critical value. The lateral torsion buckling stability problem occurs suddenly in steel beam elements with a plane bending stiffness much greater than the torsion or lateral buckling stiffness. The lateral torsion buckling failure mechanism in the steel beam elements with thin wall has become an undesirable and suddenly occurring stability problem and a very limited number of studies have been carried out to this day. As a result of the literature review, it was observed that there was no comprehensive experimental study for lateral torsional sprain stability deterioration for UPE type profiles used in steel structure designs. Therefore, an experimental study was planned and 9 UPE80 cantilever beam test specimens were tested in a monotonically increased vertical single load from the free end. Downloads are made from the lower end, upper header and body, from the free end. As a result of the tests, the maximum bearing power, maximum vertical and horizontal displacement values, maximum end point torsion angle values of the test elements were calculated