Ci̇li̇ary body tranplantation in the rabbit eye

Siliyer epitel aköz humor üretiminden sorumludur, aköz humor protein içermemekle birlikte lens ve diğer göz içi yapıların beslenmesini sağlamaktadır. Optimal bir görme sağlanabilmesi için sıvının şeffaf olması ve intraokuler basıncı korumak amaçlı yeterli miktarda aköz salınımı gerekmektedir. Travmaya veya enflamasyona sekonder siliyer cisim disfonksiyonu, siliyer cisim dekolmanı, tümör cerrahisinde geniş siliyer cisim parçası eksize edilmesi gibi sebeplerden dolayı yetersiz aköz salınımı gerçekleşebilir. Tüm bu koşullar genellikle geri dönüşümlü olan akut okuler hipotoniye sebep olurlar. Kronik progresif hipotoni; gözde irreversible yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişikliklere, korneaskleral büzüşmelere ve nöronal atrofiye sebep olmaktadır ve bu değişikliklerin devam etmesi durumunda fitizis bulbiye yol açıp görme kaybına sebep olmaktadır. Şu ana kadar yapılan çalışmalarda hasarlı siliyer cismi, aköz salınımı açısından uyaracak medikal ve cerrahi tedavi bulunamamıştır. Biz bu çalışmamızda; allograft siliyer cisim temini sonrası tavşanların yarısına preop 360 derece transskleral diod lazer uygulayıp diğer yarısına uygulamadan, ön kamarada iris üzerine veya açı bölgesine allograft siliyer cisimleri transplante ettik. 2 tavşan hariç tüm tavşanlara gün aşırı IM siklosporin enjeksiyonu yaptık ve tüm tavşanları 1 ay yaşattık. 1. Ay sonunda sakrifizasyon sonrası enüklee ettiğimiz gözlerdeki graft dokuları histopatolojik olarak inceledik ve bu örnekleri normal tavşan siliyer cisimleriyle karşılaştırdık. Tüm gruplardaki transplante siliyer cisimleri normal siliyer cisimlerle histopatolojik olarak kıyaslandığımızda aralarında fark olmadığını izledik ve iris ile graft dokusu arasındaki bağlantıyı histopatolojik olarak göstermeyi başardık. İmmunsupresif tedavi alamayan iki tavşanda da red reaksiyonu izlenirken, diod lazer yapılan grubun siliyer cismi incelendiğinde transskleral diod lazerin siliyer cisim ablasyonunda yetersiz kaldığı saptadık. Çalışmamızda; immunsupresif tedavi altında allograft siliyer cisim transplantasyonunun hipotoni tedavisinde etkili bir yöntem olabileceği, iris üzerine veya açı bölgesine yerleştirilen graft dokusunun yaşaması açısından histopatolojik sonuçlarının benzerözelliklere sahip olduğu ve albino tavşanlarda hipotoni oluşturmak için transskleral diod lazerin yetersiz kaldığı gösterilmiştir.Ciliary epithelium is responsible of aqueous humour production. Aqueous humor does not contain any protein but provides nutrition fort he lens and the other intraocular structures. Liquid must be transparent for the optimal vision and the aqueous production must be enough for maintaining intraocular pressure. Insufficient aqueous humor production could be resulted due to ciliary body dysfunction secondary to trauma or inflammation, ciliary body detachment, removal of a large part of ciliary body during tumor excision surgery. Mostly these situations cause reversible acute ocular hypotony. Chronic progressive hypotony causes irreversible structural and functional changes in the eye, corneascleral puckering, neuronal atrophy and if these changes continue it could result in phtysis bulbi and visual loss. Up tu now studies could not found the medical or surgical treatment that stimulates damaged ciliary body for aqueous secretion. In this study we obtained allograft ciliary body and then we transplanted these allogreft ciliary body on iris surface or angle in the anterior chamber of the rabbits after application of 360 degrees of transscleral diode laser to half of the rabbits and without laser to the other half. Except two of them we gave intramuscular cyclosporine injection on alternate days to whole rabbits and made them live for 1 month. After sacrification at the end of 1 month we examined the graft tissue in the enucleated eyes histopathologically and compared them with the normal ciliary body of the rabbit eye. We found no difference between the transplanted ciliary body and the normal ciliary body and we could accomplish to show the connection between the iris and the graft tissue histopathologically. We observed rejection in the eyes of the rabbits that could not take immunosuppression treatment and we found that transscleral diode laser application was insufficient for ciliary body ablation. In this study we showed that under immunsuppresion allograft ciliary body transplantation could be an effective method for hypotony treatment; in terms of graft survival histopathological results were similar in the grafts transplanted on the iris surface or angle region and transscleral diode laser was insufficient for creating hypotony in albino rabbits

Prenatal parental emotion regulation difficulties and infants' communication skills: The moderating role of infants' 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and gender

..

The Score for Allergic Rhinitis study in Turkey, 2020

International audienceObjective: This study aimed to determine how prevalent allergic rhinitis (AR) is in Turkey and to compare the current prevalence with the figures obtained 10 years earlier.Methods: This study included 9,017 participants. The minimum number of participants required from each center was determined via a stratified sampling technique according to regional demographic characteristics as ascertained from the last census. For each region, both men and women were administered the score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire and a score for each participant was calculated based on the responses supplied.Results: A total of 9,017 individuals (55.3% men and 44.7% women) took part in this study. Of these, 94.4% were urban residents and 5.6% lived in a rural setting. Of the men, 38.5% self-reported as suffering from AR. The corresponding figure in women was 40.5%. The overall prevalence of AR, as deduced on the basis of the SFAR, was found to be 36.7%. Comparing the prevalence in different regions, we found that AR was the least prevalent in the Black Sea region with a frequency of 35.8%. The highest prevalence was in the Mediterranean region, where the prevalence was 37.7%. There was no statistical significance in the apparent differences in prevalence between different geographical regions. Despite this, however, there was a clear increase in the frequency of AR over the preceding decade. This increase was most pronounced in the South-Eastern Anatolian region, where the frequency rose from 21.0% to 36.9%.Conclusion: Our results indicate that there has been a marked increase in the prevalence of AR in every region in Turkey over the last 10 years. This could be related to living conditions in urban environments. Alterations in lifestyle, urban living, air pollution causing impairments in immune defense mechanisms, and other aspects of modern lifestyles may account for the increase in AR in Turkey