Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Attitudes towards Distance Turkish Teaching in Terms of Some Variables

The purpose of this research is to investigate the attitudes of Turkish teacher candidates towards distance Turkish teaching in terms of gender, owning a personal computer, previous experience of taking distance education lessons before the COVID-19 pandemic, and daily internet usage. The relational survey model was used. The study group consisted of 133 Turkish teacher candidates (77 women and 56 men) studying at Department of Turkish Education, Dede Korkut Education Faculty, Kafkas University 2021-2022 Spring Semester. Research data was collected through Google Docs. Independent samples t-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it was found that the attitudes of Turkish teacher candidates towards distance Turkish teaching did not differ significantly in terms of gender, but it was found that there was a difference in favor of women in the technology dimension. While there was no significant difference between the attitudes of the teacher candidates who owned a PC and those who did not. It was also found that there was an important difference in the optimism dimension. It was found that there was no significant difference in terms of whether or not they took distance education lessons before the COVID-19 pandemic and daily internet usage

Rings and Modules Whose Socles are Relative Ejective

Lifting homomorphism from modules to modules or even from certain submodule to the modules have beenimportant both in ring and module theory. In this note we study rings and modules whose socles are relative ejective.Moreover we reduce our consideration to rings and modules with injective socles which provides the dual notion toPS?modules

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New network architectures and communication technologies continue to emerge to meet rapidly increasing and changing user demands requiring continuous connectivity and high data rate transmissions. These ubiquitous infrastructures result in a paradigm shift in mobile communications with the advent of mobile robots equipped with sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles, and mobile small-cells, which makes the future networks highly dynamic. This dynamism poses unpredictable variations in the network density causing many run-time problems such as disrupted coverage, undesirable quality of service, and inefficient resource usage. Pre-configurations are no longer suitable because of the network topology variations, which prompts us to develop density-adaptive protocols and self-configured system designs. Therefore, the most crucial objective of this thesis is to make future wireless networks density-aware and -adaptive. We propose novel network density estimators using received signal strength and density-aware networking applications. We introduce a distance matrix-based density estimator, multi-access edge cloud-based density estimator, and interference-based density estimator for wireless networks. We also develop density-aware network outage, transmit power adaptation, and channel utilization approaches by considering the effective network density as an optimization parameter for clustered ad hoc networks, mobile cellular networks, and flying ad hoc networks. We validate the results by implementing Monte-Carlo simulations on MATLAB. Outputs of this thesis may help network operators enhance service quality, create the best deployment strategies, reduce operational expenditures, and meet increasing user expectations without wasting network resources. Density-aware and -adaptive applications make wireless networks self-organized and run-time adaptable.-Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Auto Train Brain nörogeribildirim ödüllendirme arayüzlerinin etkinlik açısından karşılaştırılması

Background/aim: Auto Train Brain is a mobile app that was specifically developed for dyslexic children to increase their reading speed and reading comprehension. In the original mobile app, only one unique neurofeedback user interface provided visually and audibly rewarding feedback to the subject with a red-green colored arrow on the screen. Later, new modules are added to the app with the end-users requests. These are the “youtube” video-based interface and “Spotify” auditory-based interface. In this research, we have compared the efficacy of the neurofeedback rewarding interfaces. Materials and methods: The experiment group consists of 20 dyslexic children aged 7-to 10 (15 males, 5 females) who were randomly assigned to one rewarding interface and used it at home for more than six months. Results: The result indicates that though the “youtube” interface is liked most by the participants, the arrow-based simple neurofeedback interface reduces theta brain waves more than other rewarding schemes. On the other hand, “youtube” and “Spotify” based interfaces increase Beta band powers more than the arrow interfaces in the cortex. The ”Spotify” user interface improves the fast brain waves more on the temporal lobes (T7 and T8) as the feedback given was only auditory. Conclusion: The results indicate that the relevant neurofeedback rewarding interface should be chosen based on the dyslexic child’s specific condition.Arka plan/amaç: Auto Train Brain, disleksili çocukların okuma hızını ve anlama düzeyini artırmak için özel olarak geliştirilmiş bir mobil uygulamadır. Orijinal mobil uygulamada, yalnızca bir benzersiz nörogeribildirim kullanıcı arayüzü, ekranın kırmızı-yeşil renkli bir oku ile konuya görsel ve işitsel olarak ödüllendirici geri bildirimi sağlıyordu. Daha sonra, kullanıcı talepleriyle uygulamaya yeni modüller eklendi. Bunlar “youtube” video tabanlı arayüz ve “Spotify” işitsel tabanlı arayüzdür. Bu araştırmada, nörogeribildirim ödüllendirme arayüzlerinin etkinliğini karşılaştırdık. Malzemeler ve yöntemler: Deney grubu, 6 ay ve üzeri süreyle evde bir ödüllendirme arayüzü kullanan ve 7 ila 10 yaş arasında (15 erkek, 5 kadın) disleksili çocuktan oluşmaktadır. Sonuçlar: Sonuçlar, “youtube” arayüzünün katılımcılar tarafından en çok beğenilmesine rağmen, ok şeklindeki basit nörogeribildirim arayüzüne göre daha az theta beyin dalgaları azalttığını göstermektedir. Diğer yandan, “youtube” ve “Spotify” tabanlı arayüzler, kortekste ok arayüzlerinden daha fazla beta bant güçlerini artırmaktadır. “Spotify” kullanıcı arayüzü, sadece işitsel olarak verilen geri bildirim nedeniyle temporal loblarda (T7 ve T8) hızlı beyin dalgalarını daha da iyileştirir. Çalışmanın özeti: Sonuçlar, disleksili çocuğun özel durumuna göre ilgili nörogeribildirim ödüllendirme arayüzünün seçilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.Publisher's Versio

Simultaneous manipulation and imaging of chemogenetically induced hydrogen peroxide in hardly transfectable endothelial cells

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a critical signaling molecule in vascular cells, which controls signaling events, yet it can cause pathological oxidative stress in excess. The lack of suitable tools undermined experimental approaches to study the role of oxidative eu- and distress in cellular ultra-locales. This study exploits a yeast-derived D-amino acid oxidase (mDAAO) as a chemogenetic tool to induce, visualize and test the cytotoxicity of H2O2 in hardly transfectable endothelial cells. Due to the poor transfectability of endothelial cells, lentiviral vectors have been used to generate cell lines stably expressing mDAAOs. mDAAOs are substrate-based chemogenetic enzymes that convert D-amino acids to their corresponding alpha-keto acids and generate H2O2 as a byproduct, which can be visualized with a novel ultrasensitive, and ratiometric H2O2 biosensor termed HyPer7. This study tested the suitability of two different D-amino acids, including D-alanine and D-methionine, to induce oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Live-cell imaging experiments unveiled that 10 mM D-methionine generated significantly higher and faster H2O2 signals than D-alanine. However, both D-amino acids induced comparable levels of cell death documented by a colorimetric cell metabolic activity assay (MTT). This study provides a guide for manipulating and monitoring the cytotoxic effect of H2O2 in endothelial cells

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a Neoarchean oxygen oasis

The Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup in South Africa contains the Campbellrand-Malmani carbonate platform (CMCP), which was deposited in shallow seawater between ~2.58 to 2.50 billion years ago, about 200 million years before the rise of atmospheric oxygen (Great Oxidation Event - GOE). The platform is a prominent candidate for (isotope-) geochemical mapping to investigate the appearance of very small amounts of free oxygen that accumulated in shallow seawater preceding the GOE. Thus, the CMCP might represent an Archean ‘oxygen oasis’ in an otherwise anoxic environment. Carbon, molybdenum, and iron isotope compositions of CMCP sediments support the presence of molecular oxygen in the shallow-marine system and emphasize the utility of Ca-Mg carbonates as proxies for trace metal systematics in the aqueous environment. However, this study also shows that special environmental and depositional conditions were necessary to induce this development, in particular the formation of the rimmed margin and the restriction of the platform interior from the open ocean. In this restricted environment, oxygen production by aerobe photosynthesis could have increased relative to oxygen consumption by reducing species and induced an increasing oxidation of the shallow-marine environment over time

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION ON DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS OF TURKISH TEACHERS:

The aim of this study is to seek into the digital literacy skills of Turkish teachers who teach distance education during the Covid-19 epidemic. In this study, a one-group pre-test post-test experimental design which is one of the quantitative research methods was used. The study group of this research consists of 92 participants who work as Turkish teachers in the Ministry of National Education in Turkey. Digital Literacy Scale was used as a data collection tool. A form was prepared via GoogleDocs to collect research data. It was applied to Turkish teachers before starting distance education in the first week of the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. At the beginning of the semester, the scale was applied once again. So research data was collected. Paired Sample T-test was used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it has been determined that distance education has a significant effect on digital literacy. In other words, during the Covid-19 epidemic, the digital literacy skills of Turkish teachers who teach their lessons with distance education have improved.  &nbsp

INVESTIGATION OF EMERGENCY REMOTE EDUCATION EXPERIENCES OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS: A FRAMEWORK FOR PARTICIPATION

The purpose of the study is to investigate prospective teachers' emergency remote education (ERE) experiences. The study was designed in a phenomenological pattern, one of the qualitative research methods. The study participants consisted of 125 prospective teachers in the education faculty of a state university in Turkey. The data was collected digitally with the interview form created by the researcher. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data. The results of the study showed that prospective teachers find ERE ineffective. Prospective teachers attend the field courses the most and the general culture courses the least. While the most critical factors that increase students' participation in the courses are the effectiveness of the lesson, its necessity, and difficulty, the most important factors that decrease their participation are ineffectiveness, unnecessary and easy courses. It has been determined that prospective teachers' participation in courses tends to decrease over time and the most important reason for this is the ineffectiveness of the courses. The achievement motivation of prospective teachers, adaptation, and the effectiveness of the course are factors that increase participation. It has been determined that prospective teachers' attitudes towards emergency distance education tend to be negative over time, and the main reason for this is the ineffectiveness of the courses. The effectiveness of the course and the experience of ERE is the source of the positive attitudes of the prospective teachers toward ERE. Prospective teachers consider easy accessibility, effective use of time, flexibility, and increasing the use of technology as the most important advantages of ERE. Prospective teachers consider factors such as the ineffectiveness of courses, being unsuitable for practice courses, and being away from school life as the most important disadvantage of ERE. Prospective teachers think that they will experience professional inadequacy due to the ineffectiveness of the ERE process. However, they also stated that their experience in ERE is an important professional advantage. Prospective teachers suggested increasing the number of online courses, improving the infrastructure, and increasing the instructor's competencies for developing ERE. Considering the results obtained, a framework has been proposed for participation in distance education