Vplyv dvoch rôznych rastlinných regulátorov rastu na produkčné ukazovatele slnečnice ročnej

The plant growth regulators (PGR) are an organic compounds that modify plant physiological processes. PGR applied to the field crops promotes photosynthesis, stimulates plant growth, improves flowering and protects plants against unfavourable year weather conditions. Listed is an assumption to the yield of high quality. The effects of year weather conditions, biological material (hybrids) and foliar application of two different PGR (Terra-Sorb® Foliar – containing free amino acids and Unicum® – containing Abiestins®) on the yield-forming parameters, seed yield and the oil content in seeds of three selected hybrids of sunflower (NK Brio, NK Neoma, NK Ferti) were studied in this paper. The field poly-factorial experiments were realized during two growing seasons of 2012 and 2013. The experimental area is situated in the maize-growing region (climatic region: warm; climatic sub-region: mild dry or dry; climatic zone: warm and dry, with mild winter and long sunshine) and soil is silt loam Haplic Luvisol. The climatic conditions in chosen experimental years were different in quantities and distribution of precipitation at main growth period of sunflower plants (June to August) and allows evaluating the yield stability between used hybrids and foliar treatments. The results showed that the application of selected PGR has contributed to an increase of sunflower seed yield, mainly through increase the weight of thousand seeds (rp = 0.761; P < 0.001). Similarly, oil content in seeds was significantly higher in treatments with PGR, especially with preparation Terra-Sorb® Foliar containing free amino acids. The study describes the relationship between quality (oil content in seeds) and quantity (seed yield) of sunflower production (rp = ‒0.41; P < 0.01). Results showed that PGR can be an important rationalization tool of the sunflower cultivation technology.Rastlinné regulátory rastu (PGR) predstavujú organické zlúčeniny, ktoré usmerňujú fyziologické procesy v rastlinách. PGR aplikované na poľné plodiny podporujú fotosyntézu, stimulujú rast rastlín, podporujú kvitnutie a chránia rastliny pred nepriaznivými poveternostnými podmienkami. Uvedené je predpokladom pre vysoké a kvalitné úrody. V štúdii bol skúmaný efekt poveternostných podmienok ročníka, genetického materiálu (hybridov) a foliárnej aplikácie dvoch rôznych PGR (Terra-Sorb® Foliar – obsahujúci voľné aminokyseliny a Unicum® – obsahujúci Abiesetíny®) na úrodu a úrodotvorné prvky troch vybraných hybridov slnečnice ročnej (NK Brio, NK Neoma, NK Ferti). Poľné polyfaktorové pokusy boli realizované počas dvoch pestovateľských sezón 2012 a 2013. Pokusná lokalita sa nachádza v teplej kukuričnej výrobnej oblasti (klimatická oblasť: teplá; klimatická podoblasť: suchá; klimatický okrsok: teplý, suchý s miernou zimou a dlhým slnečným svitom; pôda: hnedozem kultizemná). Poveternostné podmienky vybraných experimentálnych rokov boli odlišné v množstve a v distribúcii zrážok v rozhodujúcich rastových fázach rastlín slnečnice ročnej (jún až august) čo umožnilo hodnotiť úrodovú stabilitu hybridov ošetrených danými prípravkami. Výsledky ukázali, že aplikácia vybraných PGR prispela k zvýšeniu úrody, hlavne prostredníctvom zvýšenia hmotnosti tisíc nažiek (rp = 0,761; P < 0,001). Podobne bol pri ošetreniach PGR preukazne vyšší aj obsah oleja v nažkách, najmä pri prípravku Terra-Sorb® Foliar, ktorý obsahoval voľné aminokyseliny. Štúdia popisuje vzťah medzi kvalitou (obsah oleja v nažkách) a kvantitou (úroda nažiek) produkcie slnečnice ročnej (rp = ‒0,41; P < 0,01). Na základe výsledkov experimentu je možné považovať foliárnu aplikáciu PGR na porasty slnečnice ročnej za významný racionalizačný prvok technológie jej pestovania

Dragonflies (Odonata) of Botanical Garden‘s Pond of SUA in Nitra

Article Details: Received: 2019-09-09 | Accepted: 2019-11-12 | Available online: 2019-12-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.04.110-113The faunistic research of dragonflies was realized during 2016 and 2017. The research was carried out under the conditions of Botanical garden‘s pond of Slovak University of Agriculture (SUA) in Nitra. 229 dragonfly individuals (105♂, 124♀) were trapped during the monitored period. Trapped individuals represented 10 species and 3 families of dragonflies. The aim of the research was to determine the species composition of dragonflies of the selected locality. Based on the representation of individual species for the monitored locality, its dominance was also calculated.Keywords: dragonflies, Odonata, bioindicator, habitat, pond, dominance, climate change References ASKEW, R. R. (1988) The dragonflies of Europe. Colchester: Harley Books. 291 p.BERACKO, P. et al. (2017) Bentic invertebrates and its habitats. Bratislava: Faculty of Natural Sciences of Commenius university, 291 p. (in Slovak).BUTLER, R. G. and DE MAYNADIER, P. G. (2008) The significance of littoral and shoreline habitat integrity to the conservation of lacustrine damselflies (Odonata). In Journal of Insect Conservation, vol. 12, pp. 23–36.CORBET, P. S. (1999) Dragonflies: behavior and ecology of Odonata. New York: Cornell University Press, 829 p.DALECKÝ, V. (2011) Influence of landscape structure on bionomics of forest species of reophilic dragonflies. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University. 63 p. (in Czech).DAVID, S. (2013) Annotated Checklist of dragonflies (Odonata), Slovakia. In BRYJA, J. (eds.): Zoological days. Brno 2013: Abstracts from the conference. Brno: Mendel University, pp. 1–52.DAVID, S. and ÁBELOVÁ, M. (2015) Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Protected Area Mlyňany Arboretum. In Folia faunistica Slovaca, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 135–139.DIJKSTRA, K. D. B. and LEWINGTON, R. (2006) Field guide to the dragonflies of Britain and Europe including western Turkey and north-western Africa. London: British Wildlife Publishing, 320 p.FAŠKO, P. and ŠŤASTNÝ, P. (2002) Average annual rainfall. In Zaťko, M. (eds.) Initial landscape structure. Atlas of the Slovak Republic. Banská Bystrica: Ministry of the Environment of Slovak Republic, Slovak Agency of Environment, 344 p. (in Slovak).FOOTE, A. L. and HORNUNG, C. L. R. (2005) Odonates as biological indicators of grazing effects on Canadian prairie wetlands. In Ecological Entomology, vol. 30, pp. 273–283.HANEL, L. and ZELENÝ, J. (2000) Dragonflies (Odonata): research and protection. Vlašim: Czech Union for Nature Conservation, 240 p. (in Czech).HARABIŠ, F. and  DOLNÝ, A. (2010) Ecological factors determining the density-distribution of Central European dragonflies (Odonata). In European Journal of Entomology, vol. 107, pp. 571–577.HEIDEMANN, H. and SEIDENBUSCH, R. (1993) Die Libellenlarven Deutschlands und Frankreichs. Handbuch für Exuviensammler. Keltern: Verlag Erna Bauer Keltern, 391 p.HOLUŠA, O. and VANĚK, J. (2008) Fauna of Dragonfies (Odonata) Krkonoš. In Opera Corcontica, vol. 45, pp. 81–98 (in Czech).HOLUŠA, O. (2013) Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of Cordulegaster dragonflies (Odonata: Corgulegastridae) in Central Europe. Dissertation thesis. Bratislava: Commenius University, 179 p. (in Slovak).HREŠKO, J. et al. (2006) Nitra and its surroundings – Initial phase of research. Scientific Monograph. Nitra: Constantine the Philosopher University, 182 p. (in Slovak).KOHL, S. (1998) Odonata. Anisoptera – Exuvien (Grosslibellen-Larvenhäute) Europas. Bestimmungsschlüssel. Berlin: Kohl. 27 p.LAMBECK, R. J. (1997) Focal species: A multispecies umbrella for nature conservation. In Conservation Biology. vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 849–856.LOSOS, B. (1992) Exercise of animal ecology. Brno: Masaryk University, 229 p.NOSS, R.F. (1990) Indicators of monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach. In Conservation Biology, vol. 4, pp. 355–364.OLBERG, R.M. et al. (2000) Prey Pursuit and Inception in Dragonflies. In Journal of Comparitive Physiology A: Sensory Neural and Behavioral physiology, vol. 186, pp. 155–162.SAHLÉN, G. and EKESTUBBE, K. (2001) Identification of dragonflies (Odonata) as indicators of general species richness in boreal forest lakes. In Biodiversity and Conservation, vol. 10, pp. 673–690.ŠÁCHA, D. et al. (2007) Dragonflies of Slovak Republic. [Online]. Retrieved 2019-03-20 from http://www.vazky.sk, 10/2008 (in Slovak).ŠÁCHA, D. et al. (2008) The key to identifying our species of dragonflies. [Online]. Retrieved 2019-05-12 from http://www. vazky.sk (in Slovak).ŠÁCHA, D. 2010. Dragonflies (Odonata) detected during „Monitoring of species of European importance“ in southern Slovakia. In Folia faunistica Slovaca, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 43–46 (in Slovak).SIMAIKA, P. and SAMWAYS, M. J. (2008) Valuing dragonflies as service providers. In Córdoba-Aguilar A. (eds.): Dragonflies: Model Organisms for Ecological and Evolutionary Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 23–55.TISCHLER, W. (1949) Basic features of terrestrial animal ecology. Wiesbaden: Springer trade media, 220 p. (in German).WASSCHER, M. T. and BOS, F. G. (2000) The European dragonflies: notes on the checklist and on species diversity. In Odonatologica, vol. 29, pp. 31–43.WILDERMUTH, H. (2001) The rotation model for the care of small bog waters. In Conservation and Landscape Planning, vol. 33, pp. 269–273 (in German).

Vplyv ročníka a biostimulátorov na obsah mastných kyselín v hybridoch slnečnice ročnej

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown in Slovak growing conditions for edible oil of high quality, its composition of unsaturated fatty acids affects the human health positively. Influence of year, hybrids (Marbelia CS and Reasun DS5) and biostimulating preparations (Florone and Fertisiline) on yield, oil content, and amount of selected fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids) was find out in this study. Also evaluate the relationship within the achieved yield and oil content with the obtained amount of selected fatty acids. Field small-plot experiments were established by randomized split plot method during the growing years of 2018 and 2019. The experimental field is situated in a warm maize production area, while the course of weather conditions during individual growing seasons was different. On an average for experimental period of 2018-2019, more favorable course of temperatures and precipitation was recorded in 2018. Significantly higher achene yield (3.29±0.35 t/ha) and a higher amount of selected fatty acids (oleic acid 62.11±4.33%; linoleic acid 45.32±4.62%; palmitic acid 5.26±0.33%; stearic acid 4.21±0.20%) were found in Reasun DS-5 hybrid. Both biostimulating preparations had a significant effect on the yield and oleic acid content, when both biostimulators were applied in BBCH 15 and BBCH 55. The amount of linoleic acid decreased by both biostimulating applications in BBCH 15 (Florone 33.88±10.57%; Fertilisine 34.11±13.37%) and BBCH 15, 55 ((Florone 34.08±12.34%; Fertisiline 34.26±13.40%) compared by control treatments (38.43±6.01%). The contents of linoleic acid on treated variants by both preparations in BBCH 55 (Florone 38.26±9.47%; Fertisiline 39.03±8.95%) were statistically nonsignificant with comparison to untreated control. The height of yield was negatively correlated (r= -0.310; P<0.01) with the oil content in the average of 2018 and 2019. A significant positive correlation was found in the relationships between the yield and palmitic acid (r=0.35; P<0.01), linoleic acid and palmitic acid, and stearic acid (r=0.51; P<0.01) (r=0.86; P<0.01), palmitic acid and stearic acid (r=0.45; P<0.01).Slnečnica ročná (Helianthus annuus L.) je v našich podmienkach pestovaná hlavne pre získavanie vysoko kvalitného jedlého oleja, ktorého zloženie nenasýtených mastných kyselín pozitívne vplýva na zdravie človeka. V tejto štúdii bolo cieľom zistiť vplyv ročníka, hybridov (Marbelia CS a Reasun DS-5) a biostimulačných prípravkov (Florone a Fertisiline) na úrodu, obsah oleja a množstvo vybraných mastných kyselín (kyselina olejová, linolová, palmitová a steárová). Taktiež zhodnotiť vzťah v rámci dosiahnutej úrody a obsahu oleja so získaným množstvom vybraných mastných kyselín. Poľné maloparcelové experimenty boli založené metódou kolmo delených blokov a v náhodnom usporiadaní počas pestovateľských rokov 2018 a 2019. Pokusné stanovište je situované v teplej kukuričnej výrobnej oblasti, pričom priebeh poveternostných podmienok počas jednotlivých pestovateľských období bol rozdielny. V priemere za sledované obdobie bol štatisticky preukazne vhodnejší priebeh teplôt a zrážok zaznamenaný v roku 2018. V priemere štatisticky preukazne vyššia úroda nažiek (3,29±0,35 t.ha-1) a vyšší obsah vybraných mastných kyselín (kyselina olejová 62,11±4,33 %; kyselina linolová 45,32±4,62 %; kyselina palmitová 5,26±0,33 %; kyselina steárová 4,21±0,20 %) boli zistené pri hybride Reasun DS-5. Použitím biostimulačných prípravkov bola úroda v priemere za sledované obdobie ovplyvnená štatisticky preukazne, pri aplikácii oboch prípravkov (Florone a Fertisiline) v rastovej fáze BBCH 15 aj BBCH 55 (fáza 6-8 listov a fáza kvitnutia), rovnako tak aj množstvo kyseliny olejovej. Obsah kyseliny linolovej klesol po aplikácii oboch prípravkov v rastovej fáze BBCH 15 (Florone 33,88±10,57 %; Fertilisine 34,11±13,37 %) a BBCH 15, 55 (Florone 34,08±12,34 %; Fertisiline 34,26±13,40 %) v porovnaní s kontrolným variantom (38,43±6,01 %). Obsahy získanej kyseliny linolovej na variantoch ošetrených vo fáze BBCH 55 (Florone 38,26±9,47 %; Fertisiline 39,03±8,95 %) boli štatisticky nepreukazné v porovnaní s kontrolou. Výška úrody negatívne korelovala (r= -0,310; P<0,01) s obsahom získaného oleja v priemere rokov 2018 a 2019. Významná pozitívna korelácia bola zistená pri vzťahoch úroda a kyselina palmitová (r=0.35; P<0.01), kyselina linolová a kyselina palmitová, a steárová (r=0.51; P<0.01) (r=0.86; P<0.01), kyselina palmitová a kyselina steárová (r=0.45; P<0.01)

Weed control in Sunflower (Heliantus Annus L.) on the interface of agro-climatic conditions of maize and sugar beet growing region

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.04.115–121Received 30. June 2014 ǀ Accepted 1. October 2014 ǀ Available online 24. November 2014In the experiment, we focused on the occurrence of weed density and weed diversity, in  maize and sugar beet growing region and the effectiveness of herbicide treatments on field experiment performed on site Santovka and Plavé Vozokany in canopy of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in 1998 – 2000. Plavé Vozokany site is located in the southeastern part of the district Levice in maize growing production region. The average daily air temperature in the region is a 9.6 °C, and the annual amount of rainfall represents 604 mm and 330 mm during the growing season respectivelly. Santovka, the second experimental site, is located in the northeastern part of the district of Levice in sugar beet growing region. The average daily air temperature in the region is 9.2 °C and the annual amount of rainfall represents 637 mm and the annual amount of rainfall during the growing season is a 354 mm. Actual weed infestation was carried out by the numerous method with a five replication on the control treatments (without herbicide application), as well as on the areas treated with herbicides.  The occurence of weeds in sunflower was assessed for 3 times per growing season. The evaluated sites were infested on the level of high weed infestation. The total abundance of weeds without herbicidal treatments ranged from 39.62 pcs to 63.50 per m-2. Herbicides application effectively decreased the weed infestation in range from 3.13 pcs to 14.81 pcs  per m-2. The most dominant weed species in the canopy of sunflower was group of one year late spring weeds as fallows:  Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus - galli (L.) P. BEAUV, Persicaria lapathifolia RAF. S. F. GRAY, Persicaria maculata RAF. S. F. GRAY, Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Atriplex sp.. Another most abundant weeds species designated as very dangerous species were Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) SCHULTZ-BIP., Avena fatua L., Elytrigia repens (L.) DESV, Cirsium arvense (L.) SCOP. and  Convolvulus arvensis L.. In pursuing the weed species diversity in Plave Vozokany site, we found medium dependence on air temperature during the year (r= 0.363427), and indirect dependence with rainfall pattern (r= -0.08196). The average weed density was in the indirect dependence on the air temperature (r= -0.98317), but strongly dependent on rainfall (r= 0.889926). Higher weed infestation was noted in the growing years when early spring to early summer was warm and humid. Lower weed infestation was noted when this period was dry. Differences in overall weed infestation, as well as the effectiveness of the used herbicides between experimental sites were at the same level of importance.Keywords: sunflower, herbicides control, weed density, weed diversit

Hodnotenie vybraných genotypov Miscanthus na produkciu bioplynu ako možného riešenia regionálnej bioenergie

Plantations of fast-growing crops represent local agroecosystems providing provisioning services in the form of phytomass that can be utilized for energy and/or non-energy purposes. Permanent grasses such as Miscanthus are identified as potentially suitable sources of raw materials for the output of second-generation biofuels. The experiments focused on the production ability of the perennial energy grass Miscanthus were performed in the region of SW Slovakia. It was confirmed that the studied genotypes (Miscanthus sinensis Tatai and Miscanthus × giganteus) exceeded the costefficient level of biomass production. The above-ground biomass of the studied genotypes was ensiled and afterwards fed to the experimental fermenters to evaluate the biogas production. The experiments with individual silage mixtures lasted 600 hours. The total amount of biogas produced from M. × giganteus and M. sinensis Tatai silage mixture was 273 dm3 and 328 dm3, respectively. The average share of methane in the biogas of both studied samples of silage mixtures was 51%. On the basis of the 10-year average yields of the studied Miscanthus genotypes achieved in our conditions, it is possible to produce 8 181 m3/ha (M. × giganteus) and 11 248 m3/ha (M. sinensis Tatai) of biogas from the silage mixtures. The achieved production represents sufficient and stable amount of biogas and its use can be economically efficient and sustainable in the long run in SW Slovakia.Plantáže rýchlorastúcich rastlín predstavujú lokálne agroekosystémy poskytujúce zásobovacie služby vo forme fytomasy využiteľnej na energetické a/alebo neenergetické účely. Trvalé trávy ako Miscanthus sú identifikované ako potenciálne vhodné zdroje surovín na výrobu biopalív druhej generácie. Experimenty zamerané na produkčnú schopnosť trvácej energetickej trávy Miscanthus boli realizované v regióne JZ Slovenska. Potvrdilo sa, že študované genotypy (Miscanthus sinensis Tatai a Miscanthus × giganteus) prekročili ekonomicky efektívnu úroveň produkcie biomasy. Nadzemná biomasa študovaných genotypov bola silážovaná a následne privedená do experimentálnych na vyhodnotenie produkcie bioplynu. Pokusy s jednotlivými silážnymi zmesami trvali 600 hodín. Celkový objem vyprodukovaného bioplynu zo silážnej zmesi M. × giganteus a M. sinensis Tatai bol 273 dm3 a 328 dm3. Priemerný obsah metánu v bioplyne oboch študovaných vzoriek silážnych zmesí bol 51%. Na základe 10-ročných priemerných výnosov študovaných genotypov Miscanthus dosiahnutých v našich podmienkach je možné vyrobiť 8 181 m3/ha (M. × giganteus) a 11 248 m3/ha (M. sinensis Tatai) bioplynu z tzv. silážne zmesi. Dosiahnutá produkcia predstavuje dostatočné a stabilné množstvo bioplynu a jeho využitie môže byť na JZ Slovenska ekonomicky efektívne a dlhodobo udržateľné

Analysis of relations between crop temperature indices and yield of different sunflower hybrids foliar treated by biopreparations

The application of biological active preparations (BAPs) and remote-sensing control in the management of agronomic intervention are an important part of successful crop cultivation. The effects of foliar application of two BAPs (containing amino acids or Abiestins®) on yield and yield-forming, as well eco-physiological traits calculated from infrared thermographs data (crop water stress index, CWSI and index of stomatal conductance, Ig) of three hybrids of sunflower were studied in field poly-factorial experiments, realised during two years (2012 and 2013). The results showed that the application of selected BAPs has contributed to an increase of the sunflower yield, in particular through an increase in the weight of thousand seeds (rp = 0.761, P < 0.001). Similarly, oil content in achenes was significantly higher in treatments with BAPs, mainly with preparation containing free amino acids. The study describes the quantitative relationship between yield and quality of sunflower production (rp = −0.41, P < 0.01). Selected hybrids of sunflower in two growth stages showed the significant differences in CWSI and Ig (both at P < 0.01), respectively. An analysis of negative linear relation between the yield of achenes and CWSI (rp = −0.654, P < 0.001) confirmed that higher value of plant stress resulted in a smaller yield and vice-versa. The opposite trend was observed between yield and Ig index (rp = 0.576, P < 0.001). The data obtained from IR thermography can be used for monitoring the physiological health of sunflower plants, as well in potential prediction and control of yield

Effect of two different plant growth regulators on production traits of sunflower

The plant growth regulators (PGR) are an organic compounds that modify plant physiological processes. PGR applied to the field crops promotes photosynthesis, stimulates plant growth, improves flowering and protects plants against unfavourable year weather conditions. Listed is an assumption to the yield of high quality. The effects of year weather conditions, biological material (hybrids) and foliar application of two different PGR (Terra-Sorb® Foliar – containing free amino acids and Unicum® – containing Abiestins®) on the yield-forming parameters, seed yield and the oil content in seeds of three selected hybrids of sunflower (NK Brio, NK Neoma, NK Ferti) were studied in this paper. The field poly-factorial experiments were realized during two growing seasons of 2012 and 2013. The experimental area is situated in the maize-growing region (climatic region: warm; climatic sub-region: mild dry or dry; climatic zone: warm and dry, with mild winter and long sunshine) and soil is silt loam Haplic Luvisol. The climatic conditions in chosen experimental years were different in quantities and distribution of precipitation at main growth period of sunflower plants (June to August) and allows evaluating the yield stability between used hybrids and foliar treatments. The results showed that the application of selected PGR has contributed to an increase of sunflower seed yield, mainly through increase the weight of thousand seeds (rp = 0.761; P < 0.001). Similarly, oil content in seeds was significantly higher in treatments with PGR, especially with preparation Terra-Sorb® Foliar containing free amino acids. The study describes the relationship between quality (oil content in seeds) and quantity (seed yield) of sunflower production (rp = ‒0.41; P < 0.01). Results showed that PGR can be an important rationalization tool of the sunflower cultivation technology.Rastlinné regulátory rastu (PGR) predstavujú organické zlúčeniny, ktoré usmerňujú fyziologické procesy v rastlinách. PGR aplikované na poľné plodiny podporujú fotosyntézu, stimulujú rast rastlín, podporujú kvitnutie a chránia rastliny pred nepriaznivými poveternostnými podmienkami. Uvedené je predpokladom pre vysoké a kvalitné úrody. V štúdii bol skúmaný efekt poveternostných podmienok ročníka, genetického materiálu (hybridov) a foliárnej aplikácie dvoch rôznych PGR (Terra-Sorb® Foliar – obsahujúci voľné aminokyseliny a Unicum® – obsahujúci Abiesetíny®) na úrodu a úrodotvorné prvky troch vybraných hybridov slnečnice ročnej (NK Brio, NK Neoma, NK Ferti). Poľné polyfaktorové pokusy boli realizované počas dvoch pestovateľských sezón 2012 a 2013. Pokusná lokalita sa nachádza v teplej kukuričnej výrobnej oblasti (klimatická oblasť: teplá; klimatická podoblasť: suchá; klimatický okrsok: teplý, suchý s miernou zimou a dlhým slnečným svitom; pôda: hnedozem kultizemná). Poveternostné podmienky vybraných experimentálnych rokov boli odlišné v množstve a v distribúcii zrážok v rozhodujúcich rastových fázach rastlín slnečnice ročnej (jún až august) čo umožnilo hodnotiť úrodovú stabilitu hybridov ošetrených danými prípravkami. Výsledky ukázali, že aplikácia vybraných PGR prispela k zvýšeniu úrody, hlavne prostredníctvom zvýšenia hmotnosti tisíc nažiek (rp = 0,761; P < 0,001). Podobne bol pri ošetreniach PGR preukazne vyšší aj obsah oleja v nažkách, najmä pri prípravku Terra-Sorb® Foliar, ktorý obsahoval voľné aminokyseliny. Štúdia popisuje vzťah medzi kvalitou (obsah oleja v nažkách) a kvantitou (úroda nažiek) produkcie slnečnice ročnej (rp = ‒0,41; P < 0,01). Na základe výsledkov experimentu je možné považovať foliárnu aplikáciu PGR na porasty slnečnice ročnej za významný racionalizačný prvok technológie jej pestovania

Effect of foliar spray application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on quantitative, nutritional, and physiological parameters of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) under field conditions

It has been shown that the foliar application of inorganic nano-materials on cereal plants during their growth cycle enhances the rate of plant productivity by providing a micro-nutrient source. We therefore studied the effects of foliarly applied ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Setaria italica L. foxtail millet's quantitative, nutritional, and physiological parameters. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ZnO NPs have an average particle size under 20 nm and dominant spherically shaped morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry then confirmed ZnO NP homogeneity, and X-ray diffraction verified their high crystalline and wurtzite-structure symmetry. Although plant height, thousand grain weight, and grain yield quantitative parameters did not differ statistically between ZnO NP-treated and untreated plants, the ZnO NP-treated plant grains had significantly higher oil and total nitrogen contents and significantly lower crop water stress index (CWSI). This highlights that the slow-releasing nano-fertilizer improves plant physiological properties and various grain nutritional parameters, and its application is therefore especially beneficial for progressive nanomaterial-based industries.Web of Science911art. no. 155

Effect of Foliar Spray Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Quantitative, Nutritional, and Physiological Parameters of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) under Field Conditions

It has been shown that the foliar application of inorganic nano-materials on cereal plants during their growth cycle enhances the rate of plant productivity by providing a micro-nutrient source. We therefore studied the effects of foliarly applied ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Setaria italica L. foxtail millet’s quantitative, nutritional, and physiological parameters. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ZnO NPs have an average particle size under 20 nm and dominant spherically shaped morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry then confirmed ZnO NP homogeneity, and X-ray diffraction verified their high crystalline and wurtzite-structure symmetry. Although plant height, thousand grain weight, and grain yield quantitative parameters did not differ statistically between ZnO NP-treated and untreated plants, the ZnO NP-treated plant grains had significantly higher oil and total nitrogen contents and significantly lower crop water stress index (CWSI). This highlights that the slow-releasing nano-fertilizer improves plant physiological properties and various grain nutritional parameters, and its application is therefore especially beneficial for progressive nanomaterial-based industries

Foliar application of low concentrations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles to the common sunflower under field conditions

Nano-fertilisers have only recently been introduced to intensify plant production, and there still remains inadequate scientific knowledge on their plant-related effects. This paper therefore compares the effects of two nano-fertilisers on common sunflower production under field conditions. The benefits arising from the foliar application of micronutrient-based zinc oxide fertiliser were compared with those from the titanium dioxide plant-growth enhancer. Both the zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were delivered by foliar application in nano-size at a concentration of 2.6 mg center dot L-1. The foliar-applied nanoparticles (NPs) had good crystallinity and a mean size distribution under 30 nm. There were significant differences between these two experimental treatments in the leaf surfaces' trichomes diversity, ratio, width, and length at the flower-bud development stage. Somewhat surprisingly, our results established that the ZnO-NPs treatment induced generally better sunflower physiological responses, while the TiO2-NPs primarily affected quantitative and nutritional parameters such as oil content and changed sunflower physiology to early maturation. There were no differences detected in titanium or zinc translocation or accumulation in the fully ripe sunflower seeds compared to the experimental controls, and our positive results therefore encourage further nano-fertiliser research.Web of Science108art. no. 161