Risk factors associated with the use and management of pesticides in the production of nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill)

Objective: verify the risk factors associated with the use of agrochemicals, through the degree of compliance with the national regulations on the Good Use and Management of Pesticides (GUMP). Design/methodology/approach: a questionnaire was carried out to 100 producers, selected from a population of 300 producers that make up the census of the nopal product system of the state of Morelos. The questionnaire involved data on information on the orchard, market, open questions and compliance or not with the checklist for the recognition of areas with the application of good use and management of pesticides (GUMP) in the primary production of vegetables of the Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. Results: of the producers surveyed, 43 were unrecognized and 57 recognized in GUMP. Whether producers complied with this regulation and could have access to the export market depended on the cultivated area and the economic income it represents. The greatest non-compliance was due to the use of pesticides without authorization for their use in the crop, which represents a risk of contamination for the worker, the environment and consumers. Limitations on study/implications: it is suggested to carry out studies on the impact of the inappropriate use of pesticides on the health of agricultural workers, the environment and consumers. Findings/conclusions: the implementation of GUMP in the cultivation of nopal vegetables minimizes the risks of contamination or intoxication. However, the use of synthetic pesticides not authorized for the cultivation of nopal vegetables implies risks of contamination for the worker, consumer, and the environment. Therefore, strategies must be generated to guarantee the food safety as in the international market.Objective: To verify the risk factors associated with the use of agrochemicals, through the degree of compliancewith Mexican regulations on the Good Use and Management of Pesticides (BUMP).Design/Methodology/Approach: One-hundred producers, selected from a group of 300 producers who make up the register of the Sistema Producto Nopal in Morelos, Mexico, answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire included plot information, market data, and open questions about the compliance with the checklist for the recognition of areas where Good Use and Management of Pesticides (BUMP) standards are applied in the primary production of vegetables of the National Service of Health, Food Safety and Agro Food Quality (SENASICA)Results: Out of all the one-hundred producers surveyed, 57 were recognized in BUMP and 43 were not. Whether producers complied or not with these regulations and could have access to the export market depended on the crop area and the economic income it represents. The greatest non-compliance was caused by the non-authorized use of pesticides in the production of nopal, which represents a contamination risk for the worker, the environment, and the consumers.Study Limitations/Implications: Studies should be carried out about the impact on the health of farm workers and the environment resulting from the inappropriate use of pesticides.Findings/Conclusions: Although the implementation of BUMP in the nopal cultivation minimized the risks of contamination or poisoning, the non-authorized use of synthetic pesticides for its cultivation poses contamination risks to the worker, consumer, and environment. Therefore, strategies must be generated in the domestic market to guarantee the same food safety than in the international market

Reducing Blindness from Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in Argentina Through Collaboration, Advocacy and Policy Implementation.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a largely avoidable cause of blindness in children worldwide, requiring high-quality neonatal care, early detection and treatment. In middle-income countries throughout Latin America, Eastern Europe and South Asia, there has been a rise in ROP blindness due to a combination of increased survival of preterm infants, resource-scarce medical environments and lack of policies, training and human resources. However, Argentina is an example of country where rates of ROP blindness have declined and ROP programmes have been successfully and effectively embedded within the health and legal system. The purpose of this study is to describe the activities and stakeholders, including Ministry of Health (MoH) and UNICEF, involved in the process, from recognition of an epidemic of ROP blindness to the development of national guidelines, policies and legislation for control. Using a retrospective mixed methods case study design, data on rates of severe ROP was collected from 13 neonatal intensive care units from 1999 to 2012, and on the proportion of children blind from ROP in nine blind schools in seven provinces. Legislative document review, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with neonatologists, ophthalmologists, neonatal nurses, parents, MoH officials, clinical societies, legislators and UNICEF officials in seven provinces. Results are presented combining the stages heuristic policy framework and Shiffman including: agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation and evaluation. By 2012, ROP had declined as a cause of blindness in children in schools for the blind as had rates of severe ROP needing treatment in the NICUs visited. Multiple factors played a role in reducing blindness from ROP in Argentina and successfully coordinating its control including national advocacy, leadership, legislation and international collaboration. Lessons learned in Argentina can potentially be scaled to other LMICs in Latin America and beyond with further context-specific research

Relaciones interculturales, mercado de trabajo y localización socio-espacial de los inmigrantes bolivianos que residen en áreas urbanas y periurbanas de la ciudad de Córdoba

Este proyecto estudiará los procesos de segmentación del mercado laboral y de segregación socio-espacial de los inmigrantes bolivianos en áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas de la ciudad de Córdoba, y las maneras en que dichos procesos son justificados a través de estereotipos basados en distinciones culturales y/o raciales. Focalizaremos sobre las relaciones de desigualdad y de explotación que signan el mercado de trabajo y otros espacios de sociabilidad en el contexto actual de acumulación del capital. Nos planteamos las siguientes hipótesis: 1) Los inmigrantes bolivianos que residen en la ciudad de Córdoba se vinculan, como mano de obra no calificada, con un mercado laboral informal segmentado étnicamente, en el marco de procesos discriminatorios basados en estereotipos étnico-raciales. 2) Algunos inmigrantes bolivianos lograron cierta movilidad económicoproductiva, convirtiéndose en patrones de sus co-nacionales en diferentes sectores (construcción, horticultura, comercio informal, industria de indumentaria), hecho que es facilitado por la activación de redes migratorias. 3) Los estereotipos sobre los bolivianos son re-significados y, a veces, confrontados por agentes vinculados con los medios y con organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. 4) La segregación residencial es otro mecanismo discriminatorio que favorece la exclusión de los inmigrantes trabajadores. Nuestro objetivo principal es caracterizar los diferentes ámbitos laborales en los que se desempeñan los inmigrantes bolivianos en la ciudad de Córdoba y conceptualizar las relaciones inter e intra culturales que se dan en ese marco, teniendo en cuenta la incidencia de: las redes migratorias, las trayectorias migratorias y laborales, y la heterogeneidad de los capitales de los inmigrantes; la localización socio-espacial de los lugares de trabajo y de otros espacios de sociabilidad; y, las maneras en que diversos agentes reproducen o confrontan los estereotipos sobre los bolivianos. Se aplicará una estrategia de triangulación de métodos y de técnicas. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo analizaremos los aspectos socio-demográficos de la población de origen boliviano que reside en la ciudad de Córdoba, teniendo en cuenta su inserción laboral y ubicación socio-espacial en áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas. Se analizarán periódicos de edición provincial y aquellos editados por organizaciones de inmigrantes bolivianos en Córdoba y en Buenos Aires. Se caracterizarán las acciones y políticas destinadas a inmigrantes bolivianos. Se realizarán estudios etnográficos de casos en las áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas en donde residen y/o trabajan inmigrantes bolivianos. Se desarrollarán talleres destinados a inmigrantes bolivianos con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre sus derechos laborales y sus derechos como inmigrantes.Fil: Pizarro, Cynthia Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Silvia Esther. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Conrero, Sofía. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina

Archivio storico per le province napoletane. N.S. A.26, Vol. 65 (1940) dell’intera collezione

N.S. A.26, Vol. 65 (1940) dell’intera collezione: I. Schiappoli, La marina degli Aragonesi di Napoli, P. 7-65 ; A. La Cava, Il sacco turchesco di Manfredonia nel 1620, P. 66-104 ; G. Coniglio, Annona e calmieri a Napoli durante la Dominazione spagnuola, P. 105-194 ; G. I. Cassandro, La Liburia e i suoi « tertiatores », P. 197-268 ; R. Bevere, Il riposo festivo in Napoli al tempo di Roberto d’Angiò, P. 269-273 ; E. Pontieri, La dinastia aragonese di Napoli e la Casa de’ Medici di Firenze (dal carteggio familiare), P. 274-342 ; A. Croce, Lettere del Risorgimento, P. 343-350 ; A.Parente, Architettura dell’età barocca in Napoli, P. 351-353 ; F. R., Annibaie de Leo, Codice Biplomatico Drindisino, P. 354 ; Vita della R. Deputazione, P. 355-359

Mediterranean Personalized Diet Combined with Physical Activity Therapy for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Italian Women

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and inflammatory risk indexes are used to calculate the exposure to morbidity. Most of them are suggested by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association to predict the risk of CVDs diagnosis in primary prevention, instead of treating the ongoing pathology. Prevention starts from habit changes with the prescription of diet and physical activity (PA). The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of a personalized Mediterranean Diet (MD) and a PA intervention, on the risk indexes Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) in a population of women at risk of CVDs with different pathological conditions. After treatment, patients achieved the best results in body composition (BC) and laboratory tests. The BC analysis showed a significant reduction of total body Fat Mass (FM). CVDs risk indexes significantly decreased, except for Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (NLR) and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratios (PLR). The reduction of the CVDs indexes associated with lipid profile was linked to both weight and FM decrease. AIP and LAP were significantly reduced when losing fat mass and body weight, respectively. A personalized MD therapy plus a PA program led to body weight loss, BC remodelling and risk indexes reduction

Toxicity of the venom of Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae) spiders from different regions of Argentina and neutralization by therapeutic antivenoms

“Black widow” spiders belong to the genus Latrodectus and are one of the few spiders in the world whose bite can cause severe envenomation in humans and domestic animals. In Argentina, these spiders are distributed throughout the country and are responsible for the highest number of bites by spiders of toxicological sanitary interest. Here, we studied the toxicity and some biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of eighteen venom samples from Latrodectus spiders from eight different provinces of Argentina, and the neutralization of some of these samples by two therapeutic antivenoms used in the country for the treatment of envenomation and by a anti-Latrodectus antivenom prepared against the venom of Latrodectus mactans from Mexico. We observed important toxicity in all the samples studied and a variation in the toxicity of samples, even in those from the same region and province and even in the same Latrodectus species from the same region. The therapeutic antivenoms efficiently neutralized all the venoms studied.Fil: de Roodt, Adolfo Rafael. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Lanari, Laura Cecilia. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”; ArgentinaFil: Laskowicz, Rodrigo Daniel. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”; ArgentinaFil: Costa de Oliveira, Vanessa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Irazu, Lucia Elvira. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Alda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Giambelluca, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Nicolai, Néstor. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Barragán, Javier Hugo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Leticia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: López, Raúl Alfredo. Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Lopardo, Jorge. Secretaría Salud de la Provincia de Chubut; ArgentinaFil: Jensen, Oscar. Secretaría Salud de la Provincia de Chubut; ArgentinaFil: Larrieu, Edmundo Juan. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Calabró, Arnoldo. Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Vurcharchuc, Miriam Guadalupe. Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Lago, Néstor Rubén. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: García, Susana Isabel. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: de Titto, Ernesto Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Damin, Carlos Fabian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentin

Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium's multidimensional approach on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 14 intensive care units in 11 hospitals of 5 cities within Argentina

Background: To analyze the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional approach (IMA) on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates in 11 hospitals within 5 cities of Argentina from January 2014-April 2017. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, before–after surveillance study was conducted through the use of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System. During baseline, we performed outcome surveillance of VAP applying the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. During intervention, we implemented the IMA, which included a bundle of infection prevention practice interventions, education, outcome surveillance, process surveillance, feedback on VAP rates and consequences, and performance feedback of process surveillance. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using a logistic regression model to estimate the effect of the intervention. Results: We recorded 3,940 patients admitted to 14 intensive care units. At baseline, there were 19.9 VAPs per 1,000 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days—with 2,920 MV-days and 58 VAPs, which was reduced during intervention to 9.4 VAPs per 1,000 MV-days—with 9,261 MV-days and 103 VAPs. This accounted for a 52% rate reduction (incidence density rate, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.7; P.001). Conclusions: Implementing the IMA was associated with significant reductions in VAP rates in intensive care units within Argentina.Fil: Rosenthal, Victor Daniel. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium; ArgentinaFil: Desse, Javier. Sanatorio San Cayetano; ArgentinaFil: Maurizi, Diego Marcelo. Hospital Privado del Sur; Argentina. Hospital Municipal Doctor Leónidas Lucero; ArgentinaFil: Chaparro, Gustavo Jorge. No especifíca;Fil: Orellano, Pablo Wenceslao. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional San Nicolás; ArgentinaFil: Chediack, Viviana. Policlínico Central Unión Obrera Metalúrgica; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera, Rafael. No especifíca;Fil: Golschmid, Daniel. Hospital Privado Raul Matera; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Cristina Graciela. No especifíca;Fil: Vimercati, Julio Cesar. No especifíca;Fil: Stagnaro, Juan Pablo. Instituto Central de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Ivanna. Clínica San Cayetano; ArgentinaFil: Spadaro, María Laura. Hospital Privado Raul Matera; ArgentinaFil: Montanini, Adriana Miriam. Hospital Municipal Doctor Leónidas Lucero; ArgentinaFil: Pedersen, Dina. Hospital Municipal Doctor Leónidas Lucero; ArgentinaFil: Paniccia, Teresa Laura. Hospital Municipal Doctor Leónidas Lucero; ArgentinaFil: Ríos Aguilera, Ana María. Hospital Privado del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Cermesoni, Raul. Hospital Privado del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Mele, Juan Ignacio. Hospital Privado del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Alda, Ernesto. Hospital Privado del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Paldoro, Analía Edith. No especifíca;Fil: Ortta, Agustín Román. No especifíca;Fil: Cooke, Bettina. No especifíca;Fil: García, María Cecilia. No especifíca;Fil: Obed, Mora Nair. No especifíca;Fil: Domínguez, Cecilia Verónica. Policlínico Central Unión Obrera Metalúrgica; ArgentinaFil: Saúl, Pablo Alejandro. Policlínico Central Unión Obrera Metalúrgica; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez del Valle, María Cecilia. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Dr Ricardo Gutiérrez; ArgentinaFil: Bianchi, Alberto Claudio. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Dr Ricardo Gutiérrez; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Gustavo. Instituto Central de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Ricardo. Instituto Central de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Oyola, Carolina. No especifíca