238 research outputs found

    A. Megill: the Danger of Sacralizing Memory

    Full text link
    Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ поступила Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ 15.12.2021; ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½Π° послС рСцСнзирования 25.12.2021; принята ΠΊ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 30.12.2021.The article was submitted 15.12.2021; approved after reviewing 25.12.2021; accepted for publication 30.12.2021.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся вопрос ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… памяти ΠΈ историчСской Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ историчСской эпистСмологии амСриканского историка Аллана МСгилла. На основС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ процСсса сакрализации историчСской памяти. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ вопрос послСдствий, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ с ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ цСнности ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ историчСской памяти.The article discusses the relationship between memory and historical science in the concept of historical epistemology by American historian Allan Megill. Based on the analysis done, the danger of the process of sacralization of historical memory is shown. The article discusses the issue of consequences arising with the increase in the value of collective historical memory

    Features of Semantic Translation of Collective Historical Memory

    Full text link
    The article was submitted 15.09.2022; approved after reviewing 30.09.2022; accepted for publication 15.10.2022.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ поступила Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ 15.09.2022; ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½Π° послС рСцСнзирования 30.09.2022; принята ΠΊ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 15.10.2022.The article is devoted to the methodological problem of the interaction of individual and collective in the phenomenon of historical memory. The identification of specific features of collective memory, the nature and dynamics of collective memories allows, on the one hand, to conceptualize collective memory, to substantiate its ontological status, on the other, to reveal the features of the mechanisms of collective memories. The article analyzes such features of collective memory as conventionality, tradition, repeatability, selectivity, etc. The thesis about the ambivalent nature of collective historical memory as a process is defended.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна мСтодологичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ взаимодСйствия ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ историчСской памяти. ВыявлСниС спСцифичСских особСнностСй ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ памяти, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… воспоминаний позволяСт, с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π΅ онтологичСский статус, с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ β€” Ρ€Π°ΡΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ особСнности ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… воспоминаний. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… особСнностСй ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ памяти, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π΄. ΠžΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ тСзис ΠΎΠ± Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ историчСской памяти ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ процСсса

    Influence of the material of weighing bottles on loss-on-drying reproducibility

    Get PDF
    One of the factors influencing the uncertainty of residual moisture measurements in biological medicinal products is the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surfaces of weighing bottles and laboratory balances, which results in poor weighing reproducibility. The authors believe that the simplest and most economical solution to this problem is to use weighing bottles made of a conductive material, e.g. metal. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the reproducibility of loss-on-drying (LOD) methods. Materials and methods: Model samples for the study were prepared from a sucrose-gelatin medium by lyophilisation and subsequent moisture sorption to achieve a certain residual moisture content. The authors assessed the samples’ mass uniformity using Shewhart’s X-charts, and analysed their residual moisture content using a loss-on-drying procedure with glass and metal weighing bottles. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by calculating the main statistical indicators: Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test. Results: Four batches of model samples were prepared and standardised in terms of average mass using Shewhart’s charts. The effect of weighing bottle materials was most pronounced at low residual moisture contents (less than 0.5%), with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the results obtained with glass and metal weighing bottles reaching 76% and 35%, respectively. For the samples with a higher residual moisture content (2–5%), the minimum RSDs with glass and metal weighing bottles were 15% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The study allowed for evaluating the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the results of LOD measurements and demonstrated a higher reproducibility with metal weighing bottles. This confirms the possibility of using metal weighing bottles in quality assessment of biological medicinal products for human use with LOD methods

    Lyophilisation of bacterial test strains in a manifold-type apparatus: Effects of freezing and drying parameters, ampoule fill volume, and cotton filter density

    Get PDF
    Scientific relevance. Lyophilisation is the preferred method at the National Collection of Pathogenic MicroorganismsΒ (NCPM) of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Lyophilisation is used to provide for high standards of test-strain deposition, storage, and transportation and to ensure that test strains maintain their properties. Successful lyophilisation requires conducting experiments to establish the key parameters and critical conditions of the process.Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality ofΒ NCPM indicator microorganisms lyophilised in a manifold-type apparatus.Materials and methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTCΒ 12924, Staphylococcus aureus NCTCΒ 10788, and Salmonella Abony NCTCΒ 6017 were freeze-dried using a manifold-type apparatus (M. S. R. 18, Usifroid). The authors used a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C for slow freezing and a mixture of dry ice and alcohol for quick freezing. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and StatisticaΒ 10.Results. The minimum time needed for freezing the samples in a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C was 4 hours. Further storage at this temperature for up to 1Β month was shown possible without compromising the quality of the final product. The time needed for freezing the samples in a mixture of dry ice and alcohol was under 1Β minute. No differences in quality parameters were observed between the lyophilised samples frozen slowly or quickly, except for the cake appearance. Quick freezing resulted in cakes that were non-uniform, crumbled, and pulled away from the ampoule walls, which is considered undesirable. The primary drying stage for ampoules with a fill volume of 0.2 mL took 6–8 hours. The secondary drying stage of 11, 18, 35, and 59 hours resulted in comparable lyophilisate quality: the authors observed no statistically significant differences in viable cell counts (CFU/mL) at the end of lyophilisation and at the end of stress testing. The residual moisture content after 59-hour secondary drying was less than 2%. The cotton filter density had a critical influence on the lyophilisate quality. Therefore, the authors recommend using cotton filters weighing 50Β mg or less.Conclusions. The authors analysed the main stages of the lyophilisation process used for NCPM test strains and considered the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of the final lyophilised product. The NCPM has implemented the results of this study in its work

    Magnetic force microscopy of modified multilayer structures Co/Pt

    Full text link
    Π’ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅ прСдставлСны Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ МБМ исслСдований Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры многослойных ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Co/Pt с пСрпСндикулярной Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… посрСдством осаТдСния Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ слоя Π‘ΠΎ ΠΈ посрСдством облучСния ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ НС+.We present the results of MFM investigations of domain structure in the multilayer films Co/Pt with perpendicular anisotropy modified by deposition of additional covering Co layer and by the local irradiation with He+ beams.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° поддСрТиваСтся Российским Научным Π€ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ β„– 16-12-10254)

    ВлияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ

    Get PDF
    One of the factors influencing the uncertainty of residual moisture measurements in biological medicinal products is the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surfaces of weighing bottles and laboratory balances, which results in poor weighing reproducibility. The authors believe that the simplest and most economical solution to this problem is to use weighing bottles made of a conductive material, e.g. metal. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the reproducibility of loss-on-drying (LOD) methods. Materials and methods: Model samples for the study were prepared from a sucrose-gelatin medium by lyophilisation and subsequent moisture sorption to achieve a certain residual moisture content. The authors assessed the samples’ mass uniformity using Shewhart’s X-charts, and analysed their residual moisture content using a loss-on-drying procedure with glass and metal weighing bottles. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by calculating the main statistical indicators: Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test. Results: Four batches of model samples were prepared and standardised in terms of average mass using Shewhart’s charts. The effect of weighing bottle materials was most pronounced at low residual moisture contents (less than 0.5%), with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the results obtained with glass and metal weighing bottles reaching 76% and 35%, respectively. For the samples with a higher residual moisture content (2–5%), the minimum RSDs with glass and metal weighing bottles were 15% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The study allowed for evaluating the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the results of LOD measurements and demonstrated a higher reproducibility with metal weighing bottles. This confirms the possibility of using metal weighing bottles in quality assessment of biological medicinal products for human use with LOD methods.Одним ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ остаточной влаТности биологичСских лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², являСтся Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ элСктростатичСского заряда Π½Π° повСрхностях Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… бюксов ΠΈ вСсов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ выраТаСтся Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ воспроизводимости Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² взвСшивания. НаиболСС простым ΠΈ экономичным способом Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ мнСнию, являСтся использованиС бюксов ΠΈΠ· элСктропроводящих ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ мСталличСских. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ для провСдСния исслСдований Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° основС сахарозо-ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ срСды способом Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ сорбциСй Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ остаточной влаТности. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ однородности ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π₯-ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ Π¨ΡƒΡ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŽ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² с использованиСм стСклянных ΠΈ мСталличСских бюксов. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, рассчитывая основныС статистичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, t-ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π‘Ρ‚ΡŒΡŽΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π€ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ€Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ стандартизированы Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅ сСрии ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ Π¨ΡƒΡ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ срСднСй массС. ВлияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ сильно проявляСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ остаточной влаТности ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 0,5%): ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ стандартноС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании стСклянных бюксов достигало 76%, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании мСталличСских бюксов β€” 35%. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ большСй остаточной влаТности ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² (2–5%) минимальноС ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ стандартноС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ составляло 15% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании стСклянных бюксов ΠΈ 6% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании мСталличСских бюксов. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ опрСдСлСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокая Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² испытаний с использованиСм мСталличСских бюксов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… использования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ качСства биологичСских лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ Β«ΠŸΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ»

    Лиофилизация Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°: влияниС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² замораТивания ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, объСма заполнСния Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» ΠΈ плотности Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°

    Get PDF
    Scientific relevance. Lyophilisation is the preferred method at the National Collection of Pathogenic MicroorganismsΒ (NCPM) of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Lyophilisation is used to provide for high standards of test-strain deposition, storage, and transportation and to ensure that test strains maintain their properties. Successful lyophilisation requires conducting experiments to establish the key parameters and critical conditions of the process.Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality ofΒ NCPM indicator microorganisms lyophilised in a manifold-type apparatus.Materials and methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTCΒ 12924, Staphylococcus aureus NCTCΒ 10788, and Salmonella Abony NCTCΒ 6017 were freeze-dried using a manifold-type apparatus (M. S. R. 18, Usifroid). The authors used a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C for slow freezing and a mixture of dry ice and alcohol for quick freezing. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and StatisticaΒ 10.Results. The minimum time needed for freezing the samples in a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C was 4 hours. Further storage at this temperature for up to 1Β month was shown possible without compromising the quality of the final product. The time needed for freezing the samples in a mixture of dry ice and alcohol was under 1Β minute. No differences in quality parameters were observed between the lyophilised samples frozen slowly or quickly, except for the cake appearance. Quick freezing resulted in cakes that were non-uniform, crumbled, and pulled away from the ampoule walls, which is considered undesirable. The primary drying stage for ampoules with a fill volume of 0.2 mL took 6–8 hours. The secondary drying stage of 11, 18, 35, and 59 hours resulted in comparable lyophilisate quality: the authors observed no statistically significant differences in viable cell counts (CFU/mL) at the end of lyophilisation and at the end of stress testing. The residual moisture content after 59-hour secondary drying was less than 2%. The cotton filter density had a critical influence on the lyophilisate quality. Therefore, the authors recommend using cotton filters weighing 50Β mg or less.Conclusions. The authors analysed the main stages of the lyophilisation process used for NCPM test strains and considered the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of the final lyophilised product. The NCPM has implemented the results of this study in its work.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ.Β Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ГосударствСнной ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π€Π“Π‘Π£ «НЦЭБМП» ΠœΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° России основной ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ β€” лиофилизация, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ сохранСниС свойств Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ². Для ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ основных ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ критичСских условий процСсса.ЦСль. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС скорости ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ замораТивания, Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, объСма заполнСния Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ», плотности Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° Π½Π° качСство ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ВСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ PseudomonasΒ aeruginosaΒ NCTCΒ 12924, StaphylococcusΒ aureusΒ NCTCΒ 10788, SalmonellaΒ AbonyΒ NCTCΒ 6017 Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Β Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°. Π—Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вСлось ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ –70Β±2Β Β°Π‘ Π²Β Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Β (мСдлСнная Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ°) и в смСси «сухого льда» со спиртом (быстрая Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ°). Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ MSΒ Exсel ΠΈΒ Statistica,Β v.Β 10.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ВрСмя замораТивания Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ –70Β±2 Β°Π‘ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 4 Ρ‡, дальнСйшСС Ρ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ 1 мСс. Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ качСства ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°. ВрСмя замораТивания Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» Π² смСси «сухого льда» ΠΈ спирта составило ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² показатСлях качСства Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ быстрой ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π΅ выявлСно, ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ внСшнСго Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°: ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ быстром Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π° формируСтся нСровная, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ отдСляСтся ΠΎΡ‚ стСкла ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Π”Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этапа ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» наполнСния 0,2Β ΠΌΠ» составила 6–8Β Ρ‡. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя Π΄ΠΎΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 11, 18, 35 ΠΈΒ 59Β Ρ‡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² сравнимого качСства: количСство ТизнСспособных ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΒ (ΠšΠžΠ•/ΠΌΠ») сразу послС Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΒ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ стрСсс-тСста Π²ΠΎ всСх случаях статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅Β ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ остаточной Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Β Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 59Β Ρ‡Β β€” ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 2Β %. ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ критичСскоС влияниС Π½Π° качСство Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π°, рСкомСндуСтся использованиС Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° массой Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50Β ΠΌΠ³.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ основныС этапы Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°. ИсслСдовано влияниС Π½Π° качСство ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²: скорости ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ замораТивания, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, объСма заполнСния Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ», плотности Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²

    Magnetic force microscope tip-induced remagnetization of CoPt nanodisks with perpendicular anisotropy

    Full text link
    We report on the results of a magnetic force microscopy investigation of remagnetization processes in arrays of CoPt nanodisks with diameters of 35 and 200 nm and a thickness of 9.8 nm fabricated by e-beam lithography and ion etching. The controllable magnetization reversal of individual CoPt nanodisks by the magnetic force microscope (MFM) tip-induced magnetic field was demonstrated. We observed experimentally two essentially different processes of tip-induced remagnetization. Magnetization reversal of 200 nm disks was observed when the probe moved across the particle while in case of 35 nm nanodisks one-touch remagnetization was realized. Micromagnetic modeling based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation demonstrated that the tip-induced magnetization reversal occurs through the essentially inhomogeneous states. Computer simulations confirmed that in case of 200 nm disks the mechanism of embryo nucleation with reversed magnetization and further dynamic propagation following the probe moving across the particle was realized. On the other hand one-touch remagnetization of 35 nm disks occurs through the inhomogeneous vortexlike state. Micromagnetic LLG simulations showed that magnetization reversal in an inhomogeneous MFM probe field has a lower energy barrier in comparison with the mechanism of coherent rotation, which takes place in a homogeneous external magnetic field
    • …
    corecore