Inverse Compton X-rays from Giant Radio Galaxies at z~1

We report XMM-Newton observations of three FR II radio galaxies at redshifts between 0.85 and 1.34, which show extended diffuse X-ray emission within the radio lobes, likely due to inverse-Compton up-scattering of the cosmic microwave background. Under this assumption, through spectrum-fitting together with archival VLA radio observations, we derive an independent estimate of the magnetic field in the radio lobes of 3C 469.1 and compare it with the equipartition value. We find concordance between these two estimates as long as the turnover in the energy distribution of the particles occurs at a Lorentz factor in excess of ~ 250. We determine the total energy in relativistic particles in the radio emitting lobes of all three sources to range between 3e59 and 8e59 erg. The nuclei of these X-ray sources are heavily-absorbed powerful AGN.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Radiative pressure feedback by a quasar in a galactic bulge

We show that Eddington-limited black hole luminosities can be sufficient to deplete a galaxy bulge of gas through radiation pressure, when the ionization state of the gas and the presence of dust are properly taken into account. Once feedback starts to be effective it can consistently drive all the gas out of the whole galaxy. We estimate the amount by which the effect of radiation pressure on dusty gas boosts the mass involved in the Eddington limit and discuss the expected column density at which the gas is ejected. An example is shown of the predicted observed nuclear spectrum of the system at the end of an early, obscured phase of growth when the remaining column density NH ~ f * 1e24 cm^-2 where f is the gas fraction in the bulge.Comment: correct corrupted figures in pdf version, MNRAS accepted, 5 pages, 3 figure

Experiences of Wheat dwarf virus in Finland 2004-2007

Influencing factors based on field observations 2004 and 2007: The tillage was the most important factor. The incidence was higher in direct drilled fields or fields with reduced tillage( more plant residues on the surface). The preceiding crop important

The X-ray and radio-emitting plasma lobes of 4C23.56: further evidence of recurrent jet activity and high acceleration energies

New Chandra observations of the giant (0.5 Mpc) radio galaxy 4C23.56 at z = 2.5 show X-rays in a linear structure aligned with its radio emission, but anti-correlated with the detailed radio structure. Consistent with the powerful, high-z giant radio galaxies we have studied previously, X-rays seem to be invariably found where the lobe plasma is oldest even where the radio emission has long since faded. The hotspot complexes seem to show structures resembling the double shock structure exhibited by the largest radio quasar 4C74.26, with the X-ray shock again being offset closer to the nucleus than the radio synchrotron shock. In the current paper, the offsets between these shocks are even larger at 35kpc. Unusually for a classical double (FRII) radio source, there is smooth low surface-brightness radio emission associated with the regions beyond the hotspots (further away from the nucleus than the hotspots themselves), which seems to be symmetric for the ends of both jets. We consider possible explanations for this phenomenon, and conclude that it arises from high-energy electrons, recently accelerated in the nearby radio hotspots that are leaking into a pre-existing weakly-magnetized plasma that are symmetric relic lobes fed from a previous episode of jet activity. This contrasts with other manifestations of previous epochs of jet ejection in various examples of classical double radio sources namely (1) double-double radio galaxies by e.g. Schoenmakers et al, (2) the double-double X-ray/radio galaxies by Laskar et al and (3) the presence of a relic X-ray counter-jet in the prototypical classical double radio galaxy, Cygnus A by Steenbrugge et al. The occurrence of multi-episodic jet activity in powerful radio galaxies and quasars indicates that they may have a longer lasting influence on the on-going structure formation processes in their environs than previously presumed.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS; 6 page

Eos-kevätrypsi ja Marie-kevätrapsi satoisat öljykasvit

Kevätrypsiä ja -rapsia viljeltiin kasvukaudella 2006 laajalti, 108 000 hehtaaria. Koko öljykasvialan yleisimmät kevätrypsilajikkeet olivat Hohto, Valo ja SW Petita. Kevätrapsilajikkeista yleisin oli Wildcat.vo

Tarjolla uusia kevätvehnälajikkeita

Kevätvehnälajikkeen tulee olla satoisa ja riittävän aikainen. Myös lujakortisuus sekä korkea ja kestävä sakoluku ovat tärkeitä ominaisuuksia. Näin sato voidaan kuivata pellolla mahdollisimman kuivaksi. Tjalve-kevätvehnä on ollut pitkään valta-asemassa, mutta nyt se on saanut seurakseen uusia, satoisampia lajikkeita.vo

Woltario-ruisvehnä on lupaava uutuus

Woltario on puolalainen, satoisa ruisvehnäuutuus. Sen sakoluvun eli tähkäidännän kestävyys on parempi kuin vanhoilla lajikkeilla. Tähän asti Fidelio on ollut paras ja viljellyin lajike.vo

Syysvehnistä Urho ja Sw Magnifik selviytyvät talvesta parhaiten

Syysvehnälajikkeen on talvehdittava ja tuotettava hyvin satoa. Viime talvi oli rannikkoseutujen syysvehnille rankka. Pakkaset ja lumettomuus tappoivat oraita ja monet viljelmät oli kylvettävä keväällä uudelleen. Lajikkeista parhaiten talvesta selviytyvät syysvehnät Urho ja SW Magnifik.vo

Kevätrypsin ja -rapsin viljelyala kasvoi

Öljykasvien viljelyala lisääntyi vuonna 2010 suuresti. Kevätrypsin ja -rapsin viljelyala oli yhteensä noin 157 000 ha. Satotasot jäivät kuitenkin sääoloista ja tuholaisista johtuen alhaisiksi, rypsin keskisato oli 1 120 kg/ha ja rapsin 1 220 kg/ha.vo

The Compton-thick quasar at the heart of the high-redshift giant radio galaxy 6C 0905+39

Our XMM-Newton spectrum of the giant, high-redshift (z=1.88) radio galaxy 6C 0905+39 shows that it contains one of the most powerful, high-redshift, Compton-thick quasars known. Its spectrum is very hard above 2 keV. The steep XMM spectrum below that energy is shown to be due to extended emission from the radio bridge using Chandra data. The nucleus of 6C 0905+39 has a column density of 3.5 (+1.4,-0.4) X 10^24 cm^-2 and absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity of 1.7 (+0.9,-0.1) X 10^45 erg/s in the 2-10 keV band. A lower redshift active galaxy in the same field, SDSS J090808.36+394313.6, may also be Compton-thick.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted to MNRA