29 research outputs found
Strategies and policies to reach a land-degradation neutral world
Despite the difficulties in quantifying the extent and
degree of land degradation or restoration, evidence
shows that continued land degradation will be an
impediment to meeting several SDGs. The United
Nations states that it aims for land degradation
neutrality (LDN) which in 2015 became firmly
established as an agreed-upon objective in the realm
of international environmental politics. First, as part
of the SDGs whose Target 15.3 calls to âcombat
desertification, restore degraded land and soil,
including land affected by desertification, drought
and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradationneutral
worldâ by 2030 (UNGA, 2015). The Conference
of Parties (COP) of the United Nations Convention to
Combat Desertification (UNCCD) took the decision
to align the implementation of the Convention with
SDG 15.3 and invited its Parties to set voluntary LDN
targets (UNCCD, 2015). From that point onwards,
the key question is how to implement these global
aspirations at the national level and what is needed to
operationalize the LDN concept and translate it into
concrete strategies to meet LDN at scale..
A 16 Parts per Trillion Comparison of the Antiproton-to-Proton q/m Ratios
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is both incredibly successful and
glaringly incomplete. Among the questions left open is the striking imbalance
of matter and antimatter in the observable universe which inspires experiments
to compare the fundamental properties of matter/antimatter conjugates with high
precision. Our experiments deal with direct investigations of the fundamental
properties of protons and antiprotons, performing spectroscopy in advanced
cryogenic Penning-trap systems. For instance, we compared the proton/antiproton
magnetic moments with 1.5 ppb fractional precision, which improved upon
previous best measurements by a factor of >3000. Here we report on a new
comparison of the proton/antiproton charge-to-mass ratios with a fractional
uncertainty of 16ppt. Our result is based on the combination of four
independent long term studies, recorded in a total time span of 1.5 years. We
use different measurement methods and experimental setups incorporating
different systematic effects. The final result,
= ,
is consistent with the fundamental charge-parity-time (CPT) reversal
invariance, and improves the precision of our previous best measurement by a
factor of 4.3. The measurement tests the SM at an energy scale of
GeV (CL 0.68), and improves 10 coefficients of the
Standard Model Extension (SME). Our cyclotron-clock-study also constrains
hypothetical interactions mediating violations of the clock weak equivalence
principle (WEP) for antimatter to a level of , and enables the first differential test of the WEP
using antiprotons \cite{hughes1991constraints}. From this interpretation we
constrain the differential WEP-violating coefficient to
Ultra-thin polymer foil cryogenic window for antiproton deceleration and storage
We present the design and characterization of a cryogenic window based on an ultra-thin aluminized biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate foil at T < 10 K, which can withstand a pressure difference larger than 1 bar at a leak rate < 1 Ă 1 0 â 9 mbar l/s. Its thickness of âŒ1.7 ÎŒm makes it transparent to various types of particles over a broad energy range. To optimize the transfer of 100 keV antiprotons through the window, we tested the degrading properties of different aluminum coated polymer foils of thicknesses between 900 and 2160 nm, concluding that 1760 nm foil decelerates antiprotons to an average energy of 5 keV. We have also explicitly studied the permeation as a function of coating thickness and temperature and have performed extensive thermal and mechanical endurance and stress tests. Our final design integrated into the experiment has an effective open surface consisting of seven holes with a diameter of 1 mm and will transmit up to 2.5% of the injected 100 keV antiproton beam delivered by the Antiproton Decelerator and Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring facility of CERN
Ultra thin polymer foil cryogenic window for antiproton deceleration and storage
We present the design and characterisation of a cryogenic window based on an
ultra-thin aluminised PET foil at T < 10K, which can withstand a pressure
difference larger than 1bar at a leak rate < mbar l/s.
Its thickness of approximately 1.7 m makes it transparent to various types
of particles over a broad energy range. To optimise the transfer of 100keV
antiprotons through the window, we tested the degrading properties of different
aluminium coated PET foils of thicknesses between 900nm and 2160nm, concluding
that 1760nm foil decelerates antiprotons to an average energy of 5 keV. We have
also explicitly studied the permeation as a function of coating thickness and
temperature, and have performed extensive thermal and mechanical endurance and
stress tests. Our final design integrated into the experiment has an effective
open surface consisting of 7 holes with 1 mm diameter and will transmit up to
2.5% of the injected 100keV antiproton beam delivered by the AD/ELENA-facility
of CERN
BASE-STEP: A transportable antiproton reservoir for fundamental interaction studies
Currently, the only worldwide source of low-energy antiprotons is the
AD/ELENA facility located at CERN. To date, all precision measurements on
single antiprotons have been conducted at this facility and provide stringent
tests of the fundamental interactions and their symmetries. However, the
magnetic field fluctuations from the facility operation limit the precision of
upcoming measurements. To overcome this limitation, we have designed the
transportable antiproton trap system BASE-STEP to relocate antiprotons to
laboratories with a calm magnetic environment. We anticipate that the
transportable antiproton trap will facilitate enhanced tests of CPT invariance
with antiprotons, and provide new experimental possibilities of using
transported antiprotons and other accelerator-produced exotic ions. We present
here the technical design of the transportable trap system. This includes the
transportable superconducting magnet, the cryogenic inlay consisting of the
trap stack and the detection systems, and the differential pumping section to
suppress the residual gas flow into the cryogenic trap chamber.Comment: To be submitted to Rev. Sci. Instrument
Scientific Conceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutrality: A Report of the Science-Policy Interface
At the 12th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, Parties were invited to formulate voluntary targets to achieve land degradation neutrality (LDN). This âConceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutralityâ is intended to provide a scientifically-sound basis for understanding and implementing LDN, and to inform the development of practical guidance for pursuing LDN and monitoring achievement of LDN for those UNCCD Parties that choose to pursue a LDN target. The LDN conceptual framework focuses on the goal of LDN and the supporting processes required to deliver this goal, including biophysical and socio-economic aspects, and their interactions
Future Program of the BASE Experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN
This report outlines the future program of the BASE antiproton experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility of CERN. We describe methods and future developments to improve the precision of the antiproton-to-proton charge-to-mass ratio to the parts-per-trillion (p.p.t.) level and the precision of the antiproton magnetic moment to a level of 100 p.p.t. on the short term. Our proposal includes the application of phase sensitive detection techniques, the implementation of measurements on co-trapped particles, the development of more advanced Penning-trap systems, and the invention of a novel type of trap â a cooling trap. In order to further improve experimental precision beyond these limits, we will develop a transportable trap for antiprotons to move the particles out of the AD-facility. This will become necessary since accelerator operation imposes electrical and magnetic noise which makes high-precision Penning-trap measurements beyond the p.p.t. level impossible in the current location of BASE. We request additional ofïŹine laboratory space on the CERN campus in which a second high-precision Penning-trap experiment will be con- structed and operated. The transportable trap will supply this second exper- iment with antiprotons. In the new laboratory we will further advance our high-precision studies by applying classical measurement methods in calmer environment and by implementing quantum-logic inspired methods for sym- pathetic cooling and spin-state readout of single trapped antiprotons
Technical Design Report of BASE-STEP
BASE-STEP is a transportable antiproton trap system with the purpose to improve tests of CPT invariance based on antiproton precision measurements. The magnetic field fluctuations in the AD/ELENA facility impose a major limitation in upcoming antiproton CPT invariance tests, and BASE-STEP enables to circumvent these limitations and relocate antiproton precision measurements into a calm magnetic environment. This documents describes the technical design of the BASE-STEP apparatus and its proposed implementation in the AD/ELENA facility
Sympathetic cooling of a trapped proton mediated by an LC circuit
Efficient cooling of trapped charged particles is essential to many fundamental physics experiments, to high-precision metrology and to quantum technology. Until now, sympathetic cooling has required close-range Coulomb interactions, but there has been a sustained desire to bring laser-cooling techniques to particles in macroscopically separated traps, extending quantum control techniques to previously inaccessible particles such as highly charged ions, molecular ions and antimatter. Here we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a single proton using laser-cooled Be+ ions in spatially separated Penning traps. The traps are connected by a superconducting LC circuit that enables energy exchange over a distance of 9 cm. We also demonstrate the cooling of a resonant mode of a macroscopic LC circuit with laser-cooled ions and sympathetic cooling of an individually trapped proton, reaching temperatures far below the environmental temperature. Notably, as this technique uses only imageâcurrent interactions, it can be easily applied to an experiment with antiprotons, facilitating improved precision in matterâantimatter comparisons and dark matter searches
Sympathetic cooling of a trapped proton mediated by an LC circuit
Efficient cooling of trapped charged particles is essential to many fundamental physics experiments, to high-precision metrology and to quantum technology. Until now, sympathetic cooling has required close-range Coulomb interactions, but there has been a sustained desire to bring laser-cooling techniques to particles in macroscopically separated traps, extending quantum control techniques to previously inaccessible particles such as highly charged ions, molecular ions and antimatter. Here we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a single proton using laser-cooled Be+ ions in spatially separated Penning traps. The traps are connected by a superconducting LC circuit that enables energy exchange over a distance of 9 cm. We also demonstrate the cooling of a resonant mode of a macroscopic LC circuit with laser-cooled ions and sympathetic cooling of an individually trapped proton, reaching temperatures far below the environmental temperature. Notably, as this technique uses only imageâcurrent interactions, it can be easily applied to an experiment with antiprotons, facilitating improved precision in matterâantimatter comparisons and dark matter searches