Vaccination as a tool to reduce antimicrobial resistance worldwide

Antimicrobial resistance is a global human and animal health concern that is influenced by the non-appropriate use of antimicrobial agents in both human and veterinary medicine, as well as in the plant sector. To combat antimicrobial resistance, the World Organisation for Animal health (OIE) has developed science-based intergovernmental standards and guidelines covering terrestrial animals and aquaculture. The OIE also contributed to the development of the WHO Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, adopted in 2015 by the World Health Assembly. The 180 Member Countries of the OIE expressed their support to this plan of action through a Resolution, unanimously adopted in May 2015. As a contribution to the global actions to address antimicrobial resistance, and in consideration of the use of vaccines to prevent diseases as one of the possible options to reduce the use of antimicrobial agents at the global level, the OIE convened an ad hoc Group on Prioritisation of Diseases for which Vaccines could Reduce Antimicrobial Use in Animals in April 2015. Animal diseases for which availability and use of vaccines could reduce the use of antimicrobial agents in animals were identified and recommendations were made to better target research programmes for new or improved vaccines. The Group focused on pigs, poultry and fish as a first step and reviewed the main reasons for antibiotic use. Key diseases, including some viral diseases, driving antibiotic use in animals were considered, and areas for research, where investment could lead to new or improved vaccines with the potential to reduce antibiotic use were identified. The outcome of this work, which will be presented with more details, was the development of tables of ranked priority diseases per species considered with the aim of providing direction to policy makers and research communities and industry on where to invest to reduce the need for antimicrobial use in animals with a focus on vaccines. References: Report of the ad hoc Group on Prioritisation of Disease for which Vaccines could reduce Antimicrobial Use in Animals (Annex 5 http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Internationa_Standard_Setting/docs/pdf/SCAD/A_SCAD_Sept2015.pdf

OIE Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents Intended for Use in Animals: Methods Used

International audienceFor over two decades, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has engaged in combatting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through a One Health approach. Monitoring of antimicrobial use (AMU) is an important source of information that together with surveillance of AMR can be used for the assessment and management of risks related to AMR. In the framework of the Global Action Plan on AMR, the OIE has built a global database on antimicrobial agents intended for use in animals, supported by the Tripartite (World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and OIE) collaboration. The OIE launched its first annual data collection in 2015 and published the Report in 2016. The second Report, published in 2017, introduced a new methodology to report quantitative data in the context of relevant animal populations, and included for the first time an annual analysis of antimicrobial quantities adjusted for animal biomass on a global and regional level. A continuing annual increase of countries participating in the data collection demonstrates the countries engagement for the global development of monitoring and surveillance systems in line with OIE international standards. Where countries are not yet able to contribute their quantitative data, their reports also highlight the barriers that impede them in data collection, analysis and/or reporting. The OIE Reports show annual global and regional estimates of antimicrobial agents intended for use in animals adjusted for animal biomass, as represented by the quantitative data reported by countries to the OIE. The OIE advises caution in interpretation of estimates made in the first few years of reporting recognizing some important limitations faced by countries as they develop their monitoring systems. The OIE remains strongly committed to supporting its Members in developing robust and transparent measurement and reporting mechanisms for AMU

Zoonotic tuberculosis in human beings caused by Mycobacterium bovis—a call for action

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is recognised as the primary cause of human tuberculosis worldwide. However, substantial evidence suggests that the burden of Mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, might be underestimated in human beings as the cause of zoonotic tuberculosis. In 2013, results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of global zoonotic tuberculosis showed that the same challenges and concerns expressed 15 years ago remain valid. These challenges faced by people with zoonotic tuberculosis might not be proportional to the scientific attention and resources allocated in recent years to other diseases. The burden of zoonotic tuberculosis in people needs important reassessment, especially in areas where bovine tuberculosis is endemic and where people live in conditions that favour direct contact with infected animals or animal products. As countries move towards detecting the 3 million tuberculosis cases estimated to be missed annually, and in view of WHO's end TB strategy endorsed by the health authorities of WHO Member States in 2014 to achieve a world free of tuberculosis by 2035, we call on all tuberculosis stakeholders to act to accurately diagnose and treat tuberculosis caused by M bovis in human beings

Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals. Part 1:challenges and needs

Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. To assess scientific advancements related to alternatives to antibiotics and provide actionable strategies to support their development, the United States Department of Agriculture, with support from the World Organisation for Animal Health, organized the second International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics. It focused on six key areas: vaccines; microbial-derived products; non-nutritive phytochemicals; immune-related products; chemicals, enzymes, and innovative drugs; and regulatory pathways to enable the development and licensure of alternatives to antibiotics. This article, part of a two-part series, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals; new approaches and potential solutions will be discussed in part 2 of this series. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Many current vaccines fall short in one or more of these respects. Scientific advancements may allow many of these limitations to be overcome, but progress is funding-dependent. Research will have to be prioritized to ensure scarce public resources are dedicated to areas of potentially greatest impact first, and private investments into vaccine development constantly compete with other investment opportunities. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize that potential

OIE annual report on antimicrobials agents intended for use in animals. Better understanding of the global situation. 3rd report

Les chiffres issus d'un nouveau rapport publié ce jour par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE), montre un progrès à l’échelle mondiale, des réglementations ainsi que du suivi de l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux. Ce rapport a pour objet de renforcer la capacité de chaque pays à recueillir des données essentielles sur l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux.On 21 September 2016, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a political declaration aimed at combating the global threat posed by antimicrobial resistance, confirming the necessity of a ‘One Health’ approach. The Directors General of the tripartite collaboration –OIE, WHO and FAO –supported this declaration and will in addition to the recommendations of the Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, provide a report on the implementation of the political declarationfor the UN Secretary General to submit for consideration by Member States at the 74thsession of the General Assemblyin September 2019.Les chiffres issus d'un nouveau rapport publié ce jour par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE), montre un progrès à l’échelle mondiale, des réglementations ainsi que du suivi de l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux. Ce rapport a pour objet de renforcer la capacité de chaque pays à recueillir des données essentielles sur l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux

OIE annual report on antimicrobials agents intended for use in animals. Better understanding of the global situation. 3rd report

Les chiffres issus d'un nouveau rapport publié ce jour par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE), montre un progrès à l’échelle mondiale, des réglementations ainsi que du suivi de l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux. Ce rapport a pour objet de renforcer la capacité de chaque pays à recueillir des données essentielles sur l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux.On 21 September 2016, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a political declaration aimed at combating the global threat posed by antimicrobial resistance, confirming the necessity of a ‘One Health’ approach. The Directors General of the tripartite collaboration –OIE, WHO and FAO –supported this declaration and will in addition to the recommendations of the Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, provide a report on the implementation of the political declarationfor the UN Secretary General to submit for consideration by Member States at the 74thsession of the General Assemblyin September 2019.Les chiffres issus d'un nouveau rapport publié ce jour par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE), montre un progrès à l’échelle mondiale, des réglementations ainsi que du suivi de l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux. Ce rapport a pour objet de renforcer la capacité de chaque pays à recueillir des données essentielles sur l'utilisation des agents antimicrobiens chez les animaux

OIE Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents Intended for Use in Animals. better understanding of the global situation. Fourth report

Rapport annuelDuring the 87thOIE General Session in May 2019, the World Assembly of Delegates adoptedResolutionNo.14: OIE’s Engagement in the One Health Global Effort to Control Antimicrobial Resistance, which included the decision to establish a permanent Working Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) to support the implementation of the OIE Global Strategy on Antimicrobial Resistance and the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials and the organisation’s capacity to respond to global challenges according to its mandate. The Working Group on AMR held its first meeting in October 2019 and will further guide the collection of data on the use of antimicrobials in animals (AMU)

Analyse des réponses au questionnaire de l'OIE sur l'utilisation des agents antimicrobielns chez les animaux en 2015

International audienc

Antimicrobial resistance: A round table discussion on the "One Health" concept from the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Part One: A focus on Leadership

The threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has attracted the highest level of attention after the United Nation (UN) General Assembly's High Level meeting on AMR in 2016. During that meeting a temporary committee, the inter agency coordination group (IACG) [1] was formulated, under the chairmanship of the Director General of the World Health Organization (DG-WHO) and the UN Deputy Secretary General. The IACG group was tasked to link, guide and advise on political steps needed to address and mitigate the emergence of AMR globally [2]. Efforts to combat AMR, however, have previously been developed prior to this initiative by several decades. Yet, the emergence of resistance continues to be on the rise. The Gulf Cooperation Council Center for Infection Control (GCC-IC) was been established in 2005 and has made major efforts to address all aspects related to human infection control in the member countries. Many of which have been reached. In 2015, the board was able to draft through its multidisciplinary meeting the first roadmap for the counties on this issue [3]. Two years later a follow-up meeting took place in Riyadh on April 2017. Regional and international experts joined in to share and contribute to the understanding of AMR and to advise on further steps needed for this initiative. We dedicated 3 papers on this meeting. The first paper is to provide an update on progress form the GCC countries and further steps that need to be taken, (in press). The second paper is part one out of two round table discussions. The first round table discussion paper, which is the current paper, addresses AMR and the "One Health" concept with a focus on leadership. The second round table discussion paper addresses AMR and the "One Health" concept with a focus on human health [4]. (C) 2018 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. and AEDV. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved