190 research outputs found

    Fusidic acid resistance among staphylococci strains isolated from clinical specimens

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    Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitrosusceptibility of fusidic acid to clinic isolates of staphylococci.Materials and methods: The forty-one coagulase negativestaphylococci (CNS) and 18 Staphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from various clinical specimens were includedin this study. Staphylococci isolates were identifiedby conventional methods such as colony morphologyonto medium, gram staining, catalase and coagulasetests. According to “Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)” criteria, antimicrobial susceptibility testingof isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusionmethod.Results: The seventy-two percent of the isolated S.aureuswere defined as methicillin sensitive-S.aureus (MSSA),28% of the isolated S.aureus were defined as methicillinresistant-S.aureus (MRSA). The difference among fusidicacid susceptibility rates of MSSA and MRSA strains wasnot statistically significant (p=0.305). The twenty-nine percentof the isolated CNS were defined as methicillin sensitive-CNS (MS-CNS), 71% of the isolated CNS were definedas methicillin resistant-CNS (MR-CNS). There wasno statistically significant difference between MS-CNSand MR-CNS strains for fusidic acid susceptibility rates(p=0.490). But the difference among fusidic acid susceptibilityrates of CNS and S.aureus strains was statisticallysignificant (p<0.001). CNS strains were found more resistancethan S.aureus strains for fusidic acid.Conclusion: In this study, the resistance rates weredetected to increase for fusidic acid along with methicillinresistance. Among CNS isolates, fusidic acid resistancerates were significantly more elevated than that forS.aureus. Fusidic acid remains as an alternative in thetreatment of infections due to staphylococci

    Demographic characteristics terms of university students opinions an investigation on social networking sites

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    Bu araştırmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal paylaşım sitelerinin olumlu-olumsuz etkilerine ve eğitsel bağlamda kullanılmasına yönelik görüşleri, öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerine göre incelenmiştir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde okuyan 6000 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu evrenden %11 örneklem büyüklüğü ile ulaşılan toplam 659 üniversite öğrencisinden toplanan verilerle analizler yapılmıştır. Veriler iki farklı ölçek kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde t-testi ve ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sosyal paylaşım sitelerinin olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri demografik özelliklere bağlı olarak farklılık göstermemektedir. Sosyal paylaşım sitelerinin eğitsel bağlamda kullanılmasında ise düşük gelire sahip olan öğrenciler lehine bir durum bu öğrencilerin görüşlerinin daha olumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğrencilerin okudukları lisans programı açısından da anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür.In this study, the thoughts of university students over the usage, positive and negative effects of social networking sites are studied comparing the students by considering their demographic features. The research was conducted by using survey method. 6000 students enrolled in Faculty of Education of Çukurova University constitute the research population. And, the analysis comes from 659 of them which represent a sample rate of 11 %. Two different kinds of scale were used to collect data. T test and ANOVA were used for analysis. The findings of the research show that the positive/negative effects of social networking sites over university students display no significant difference according to demographic characteristics. When it comes to the use of social networking sites in educational context significant difference has been seen in favour of the students with lower income. When the student opinions related to the use of social networking sites in educational context is referred to the program, there are also significant differences

    Hyperbilirubinemia due to minor blood group (anti-E) incompatibility in a newborn: A case report

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    In addition to Rh and ABO incompatibilities subgroup incompatibilities may rarely play a role among the causes of hemolytic anemia and indirect hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. The most common minor blood group antigens that cause blood incompatibility between the mother and baby are C, c, E, e, Kell, Duffy, Diego, Kidd and MNSs antigens. In this article, a newborn in whom hyperbilirubinemia due to anti-E minor blood group incompatibility developed and was treated with phototherapy succesfully is presented and minor blood group incompatibilities due to anti-E are reviewed

    Psychometric properties of university student form of student engagement scale in online learning : Çevrimiçi öğrenmede öğrenci bağlılığı ölçeği üniversite öğrencisi formunun psikometrik özellikleri

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    Research Problem / Aim The aim of this study was to introduce the psychometric properties of the Student Engagement Scale for Online Learning which was used to measure the engagement of students in online learning environment by using the validity and reliability study in the sample of university students who took lessons online. Method There were studies conducted with the scale in Turkey. However, this study carried out with a sample of students who meet the requirement of taking online course. Original scale consists of three sub-dimensions. Name of the sub-dimensions are “Behavioral Engagement”, “Emotional Engagement” and “Cognitive Engagement”. The psychometric properties of the instrument were presented by translation, linguistic equivalence, validity and reliability studies. Translation to Turkish of the scale was made by the researchers. A preliminary form was formed by taking the opinions of a total of six experts that one of them from the department of ELT (English language teaching), one of them from educational measurement &amp; evaluation, one of them from Turkish language teaching, one of them from education psychology, and two of them were educational technology.&nbsp; For linguistic equivalence, the preliminary form was applied to 20 ELT students. The correlation analysis show that the linguistic equivalence of the scale had shown significant correlation between the Turkish and English forms. After the linguistic equivalence was provided, last form of the scale was applied to 587 university students enrolled at the Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Amasya University. Results and Conclusions As a result of the analyzes, confirmatory factor analysis fit indices was calculated as Χ2/sd: 2.827, GFI: .93, AGFI: .91, CFI: .98, NFI: .97, RMSEA: .05 and SRMR: .06. Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients that calculated for the reliability of the sub-dimensions were between .71 and .86. The results obtained from confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analyses was indicated that the scale is reliable and valid. It is suggested to use the scale in determining the student's engagement in online learning environments research. ​Extended English summary is in the end of&nbsp;Full Text&nbsp;PDF (TURKISH)&nbsp;file. &nbsp; Özet Araştırma Problemi/Amaç Bu çalışmanın amacı, çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında öğrencilerin öğrenme ortamına bağlılıklarını ölçmek için “Çevrimiçi Öğrenmede Öğrenci Bağlılığı Ölçeği”nin çevrimiçi ders almış üniversite öğrencileri örnekleminde geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılarak psikometrik özelliklerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Yöntem Ölçekle ilgili Türkiye’de yapılmış çalışmalar bulunmaktadır fakat bu çalışmada çevrimiçi ders alma koşulunu sağlayan öğrencilerden oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Ölçeğin orijinali; davranışsal bağlılık, duyuşsal bağlılık ve bilişsel bağlılık şeklinde adlandırılan üç faktörden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin psikometrik özellikleri çeviri, dilsel eşdeğerlik, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları sonucunda ortaya konulmuştur. Ölçeğin çevirisi araştırmacılar tarafından yapıldıktan sonra bir İngilizce, bir ölçme değerlendirme, bir Türkçe, bir eğitim psikolojisi, iki eğitim teknolojisi uzmanı olmak üzere toplam altı uzmandan görüş alınmıştır. Görüşler doğrultusunda ön uygulama formu oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan form dilsel eşdeğerlik için İngilizce öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören 20 öğrenciye bir hafta ara ile uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin dilsel eşdeğerliğini ölçmek için yapılan korelasyon analizi ölçeğin Türkçe ve İngilizce formları arasında korelasyonun anlamlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Dil eşdeğerliğinin sağlanmasının ardından ölçek formu Amasya Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören 587 üniversite öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar ve Öneriler Analizler sonucunda doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uyum katsayıları Χ2/sd: 2.827, GFI: .93, AGFI: .91, CFI: .98, NFI: .97, RMSEA: .05 ve SRMR: .06 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarının güvenirliği için hesaplanan Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayıları .71 ile .86 aralında değişmektir. Ölçeğin doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenirliğine yönelik bulgular, ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçeğin, çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda öğrenci bağlılığını belirlemek üzere kullanılması önerilmektedir

    Investigation of Entamoeba histolytica in stool specimens by direct microscopic examination and ELISA in a hospital

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    Objectives: Stool antigen assay has been shown to be as sensitive and specific as culture with isoenzyme analysis and to outperform microscopy for the detection of E.histolytica in endemic area. The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of E.histolytica by direct microscopic examination and ELISA in stool samples, comparatively.Materials and methods: Between September 2010 and May 2011, a total of 975 stool samples of patients in different age groups were sent to microbiology laboratory of Kızıltepe General Hospital. Native-Lugol method and E.histolytica-specific antigen test (Adhesin Ag, Entamoeba CELISA Path) was applied to all stool samples.Results: E.histolytica/dispar cysts and/or trophozoites were observed in 21 out of 975 (2.2%) stool samples examined by native-Lugol method. In addition, E.histolytica-specific antigen in 975 stool specimens was investigated by ELISA. E.histolytica-specific antigen was determined in 4 patients which had E.histolytica/dispar cysts and/or trophozoites at direct microscopic examination. Although at direct microscopy of 3 patients E.histolytica/dispar cysts and/or trophozoites not observed, E.histolytica-specific antigen was found favorable. A total of 7 (0.7%) E.histolytica specific antigen was found in the patient’s stool samples. Patients with E.histolytica-specific antigen were treated.Conclusion: E.histolytica specific antigen in stool samples should be investigated to avoid unnecessary treatment

    Investigation of the Effectiveness of a CEIT Undergraduate Program on Students’ Competencies

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    Bu çalışma, bir Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi (BÖTE) lisans programının öğrencilerin farklı mesleklere yönelik yeterliklerine katkısının incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2015 yılında Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Öğretmenliği Programında öğrenim gören son sınıf öğrencilerinin dört yıl boyunca aldıkları eğitimin, gerçekleştirebilecekleri farklı mesleklere yönelik yeterliklerine ve ayrıca öğretim programında yer alan derslerin bu mesleklere yönelik yeterliklerine etkisi incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi BÖTE bölümünde; birinci öğretim ve ikinci öğretim olmak üzere son sınıfta öğrenim gören toplam 108 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma 2014–2015 güz yarıyılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu tarih aralığında programların öz değerlendirmelerinin yapılması ve sürekli geliştirilmesine yönelik yapılan bilimsel çalışmalardan biridir. Çalışma kesitsel tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında, öğrencilerin gelecekte yapmayı düşündükleri meslek, bu meslek ile ilgili kendilerini yeterli görme düzeyleri, BÖTE lisans programı ve bu programda dört yıl boyunca gördükleri derslerin yeterliklerine ne kadar katkı sağladığıyla ilgili görüşlerini belirlemeyi içeren bir anket veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Veriler betimleyici ve anlam çıkarıcı istatistikler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrenciler gelecekte en çok bilgisayar öğ- retmeni, bilişim teknolojileri rehber öğretmeni, formatör öğretmen ve eğitim teknoloğu mesleklerini yapmakta kendilerini yeterli görmektedirler. Kendilerini en az yeterli gördükleri meslekler ise; sunucu sistemleri uzmanı, yazılım geliştirici, ağ sistemleri uzmanı ve web yazılımı geliştirici şeklindedir. Bunlara ek olarak “ölçme değerlendirme”, “özel öğretim yöntemleri”, “çoklu ortam tasarımı ve üretimi” ve “eğitimde bireysel farklılıklar” derslerinin kendilerine en çok katkı sağladığını ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin devlet sektöründe istihdam edilebilecekleri meslekler dışında kalan meslekleri yeterince tanımadığı, mesleki çeşitlilik sağlaması açısından verilen yazılım vb. derslerin mesleki yeterliklerine yeterince katkı sağlamadı- ğı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonuçları dikkate alınırken yayına hazırlanma ve değerlendirme süreçlerinde geçen zaman göz ardı edilmemelidir. Fakat yöntem ve öz değerlendirme açısından benzer çalışmalar yapılarak öğretim programlarının kalitesinin artırılmaya çalışılması önerilmektedir. Ayrıca mesleki yeterliklerin ve farkındalıkların artırılması için mezuniyet öncesi mesleki rehberlik konusunda öğrencilere destek olmak üzere, üniversitelerde lisans programlarıyla iş birliği içinde çalışan kariyer rehberlik servislerinin açılmasının fayda sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.This study was carried out to examine the contribution of the undergraduate program of a Computer Education and Instructional Technologies_x000D_ (CEIT) to students’ various professional competencies. For this purpose,_x000D_ CEIT preservice teachers’ views on the adequacy of their undergraduate_x000D_ education to develop their competencies for various professions offering_x000D_ potential employment and the effect of the CEIT undergraduate courses on_x000D_ these competencies were investigated. The participants were enrolled in the_x000D_ CEIT Undergraduate Program of the Faculty of Education at Sakarya_x000D_ University. The study was conducted with 108 senior students in the fall_x000D_ semester of 2014–2015 by applying the cross-sectional survey model, as part_x000D_ of a self-assessment and continuous development of the program. A questionnaire was used for the data collection that included questions about target professions of preservice teachers, efficacy beliefs as an indicator of their_x000D_ competencies related to the profession, their perceptions about the CEIT_x000D_ program, and their perceptions about the contribution of the undergraduate_x000D_ courses to their professional competencies. The data were analyzed via inferential statistics. The results indicate that the preservice teachers felt the most_x000D_ qualified in working as a computer teacher, information technology counsellor, formative teacher, and an educational technologist. The professions in_x000D_ which the participants saw themselves the least qualified were server systems_x000D_ specialist, software developer, network systems specialist, and web software_x000D_ developer. Moreover, it was reported that the courses in the CEIT curriculum providing the highest benefit for improving their competencies were_x000D_ “measurement and evaluation”, “special teaching methods”, “multimedia_x000D_ design”, and “individual differences in education”. Furthermore, the participants did not know much about the jobs that they can work except for those_x000D_ in the public sector, such as working as a teacher or information technology_x000D_ counsellor. Additionally, the software courses in the CEIT curriculum did_x000D_ not contribute enough to develop their competencies to work in softwarerelated jobs. To interpret the results of the current study in a more appropriate way, it is important to take into account the time lost before the publication of the study. However, it is strongly recommended to conduct further research to find out the effects of the CEIT undergraduate program_x000D_ curricula on developing job-related competencies and to conduct self-evaluation studies for continuous development. Besides, establishing career guidance services in universities may help CEIT students to be aware of the_x000D_ potential job prospects related to their competencies, and help them gain_x000D_ better knowledge and skills regarding their major

    Öğrencilerin ortaöğretim kurumu tercihinde okullarla ilgili faktörlerin etkisi

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    It is studied that to determine the school related factors which affects the students&rsquo; choices of the high school, according to the type of the schools. This is a survey study. The participants are 523&nbsp; 9 th grade students in 21 secondary schools in Adapazarı. SPSS is used for analyzing data. Kay-Kare Test is used to determine the demografic differences due to the type of the school. To analyze the data for the school related factors, Kruskal Wallis is used. As a result, it is expressed that in the choices of the schools, similar factors are important. On the other hand, the most important factors are; the fame of the school due to its succesful education, the easiness of entering the university after completing the school and the teachers of the school, who are talented and famous with their successBu araştırma ile &ouml;ğrencilerin orta &ouml;ğretim kurumu tercihlerinde etkili olan okullarla ilgili fakt&ouml;rler incelenmiştir. Bu ama&ccedil;la Adapazarı&rsquo;nda 21 orta&ouml;ğretim kurumundaki 9. sınıf &ouml;ğrencilerinden 523 kişi ile anket &ccedil;alışması yapılmıştır. Veriler SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Okul t&uuml;r&uuml;ne g&ouml;re demografik farklılıkları belirlemek i&ccedil;in iki değişkenli Kay-Kare testi kullanılmıştır. Okul tercihine etki eden okullara ait fakt&ouml;rlerle ilgili verilerin analizi i&ccedil;in Kruskal Wallis kullanılmıştır. Yapılan &ccedil;alışma sonucunda okul tercihinde t&uuml;m okul t&uuml;rlerine g&ouml;re benzer fakt&ouml;rlerin etkisi olduğu, en etkili fakt&ouml;rlerin okulun &ccedil;evrede iyi eğitim veren başarılı bir okul olarak tanınmış olması, bu okuldan mezun olmanın &uuml;niversiteye girişte sağladığı kolaylık (ek puan, sınavsız ge&ccedil;iş hakkı gibi.) ve okulun &ouml;ğretmen kadrosunun deneyimli ve tanınmış &ouml;ğretmenlerden oluşması olduğu saptanmıştı

    Load-bearing capacity of pressable lithium disilicates applied as ultra-thin occlusal veneers on molars.

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    PURPOSE The aim was to investigate the load bearing capacity of different pressable lithium disilicates cemented as occlusal veneers on molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS One control group and six test groups were formed consisting of 20 specimens each (n = 20). The six test groups differed in the utilizing pressable lithium disilicate to fabricate occlusal veneers. As a control group, "group Lis", the lithium disilicate with the highest reported flexural strength was used (initial LiSi Press, GC Europe; Leuven, Belgium / flexural strength: 508 MPa). The test groups consisted of other pressable lithium disilicates with lower flexural strength values: "Ema" (IPS e.max press), "Vit" (VITA Ambria), "Liv" (Livento Press), "Amb" (Amber Press), "Mas" (Amber Press Master) and "Ros" (Rosetta SP)". After the preparation of 140 extracted human molars, which included the removal of the central enamel, the specimens were scanned using a desktop scanner. With the aid of a design software, the occlusal veneers were designed in a standardized thickness of 0.5 mm. To fabricate the restorations, all tested materials were processed using heat-pressing technique. All restorations were adhesively cemented. Afterwards, the specimens underwent cyclic fatigue during an aging procedure in a chewing simulator (1'200'000 chewing-cycles, 49 N force, 5-55°C temperature changes). Subsequently, the specimens were statically loaded and the load which was necessary to fracture the specimen (Fmax) were measured. Differences between the groups were compared applying the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-Test (WMW: p < 0.05). The two-parameter Weibull distribution values were calculated. RESULTS The fatigue resistance was 100% for the groups Lis, Vit, Liv, Amb, Mas and Ros, whereas the group Ema showed a fatigue resistance of 95%. The control group Lis showed median Fmax values of 2'328 N. The median Fmax values for the test groups ranged between 1'753 N (Vit) and 2'490 N (Ros). Statistically significant difference was observed among the groups Lis (control) and Vit (KW: p < 0.001). Weibull distribution presented the highest shape values for the group Ros (12.83) and the lowest values for the group Ema (4.71). CONCLUSION Regarding their load-bearing capacity different pressable lithium disilicates can be recommended to fabricate ultra-thin occlusal veneers on molars when restoring occlusal tooth wear

    Augmented Reality in Turkey with Researchers' Comments for Educational Use: Problems, Solutions and Suggestions

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    Augmented reality (AR) is a technology to supplement existing reality with additional information, descriptions and helpful images with the help of technology and therefore ensure the reality to be perceived more qualified and well-rounded. In this study, views and comments about problems, solutions and suggestions on using AR were gathered from researchers who accomplished an applied study on AR. The phenomenological design, in qualitative framework, was used in the study. The purpose of the study is to investigate direct experiencers views on AR technologies. We tried to find out answer the following questions about augmented reality applications: “On which target group could it be used more effectively?”, “On which learning domain (cognitive, affective, psychomotor) could it be more influential?”, “Which teaching and learning methods could it be used with?”, “What are the problems encountered during design, development and application process?”, “What are the subject fields that need to be considered for using it more effectively in educational sciences field?”, “In which situations could it be used for education?”, and “How should it be designed?”. According to the results, suggestions are presented about technical concerns, learning materials and instructional methods for developers, educators, and feature researchers for using AR effectively in education
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