Kako proučavati povijest novinarstva? Kritička razmatranja o smjerovima povijesti novinarstva

In Western Europe and the USA, as in Slovenia, there is little interest in the history of journalism (education and research) by students and scholars. On the other hand, there is a huge interest in (mis)use of the history of journalism (political practice) by some politicians and journalists. This article critically reflects the traditional perspectives of the history of journalism. The study shows that despite major shifts towards a social and cultural perspective of journalism that address the links and interactions among structural conditions in contemporary societies, and despite modest reforms in journalism education and the rise of criticism in this field, the majority of journalism historians still continue their preoccupation with ahistorical and uncritical practice.U zapadnoj europi i u S.A.D.-u, jednako kao i u Sloveniji, mali je interes za povijest novinarstva u edukaciji i u istraživanjima studenata i teoretičara. S druge strane, postoji veliki interes za upotrebu tj. pogrešnu upotrebu povijesti novinarstva (politička praksa) od strane nekih političara i novinara. U članku se daje kritički osvrt na tradicionalne postavke povijesti novinarstva. Istraživanje pokazuje da unatoč uočljivim promjenama prema društvenoj i kulturnoj perspektivi novinarstva, što upućuje na veze i interakcije među strukturalnim uvjetima u suvremenom društvu, te unatoč skromnim promjenama u obrazovanju novinara i kritikama u tom pitanju, najveći dio povjesničara novinarstva i dalje se nastavlja baviti nepovijesnom i nekritičkom prakso

A continuous battle: relationships between journalists and politicians in Slovenia

This article deals with the relationship between journalists and politicians in post-socialist Slovenia, where journalists report increasing political pressures from editors, management and politicians. If socialism supported, even required, an intimate connection between party leaders and journalists, what are some “new” expectations that state or party officials have from journalists? Moreover, what is the self-professed role of journalists in the process of a democratic transition, and what “new” journalistic values are being adopted and challenged the most? On the basis of media political economy and 51 in-depth interviews (30 journalists and 21 politicians) we argue that there is a complex and multilayered relationship being formed between Slovene journalists and politicians. The Slovene case study can tell us more about the troublesome relationship between politicaleconomic elites and journalists in the transition to democracy in a new country that has only recently become a nation-state

Nostalgia for Greater Serbia: Media coverage of Radovan Karadžic’s arrest

The arrest of former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžic in July 2008 triggered wide-spread international interest and provided the opportunity for the Serbian public and its media to reflect upon the role of Serbia in the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. Karadžic was a Bosnian-Serb president of the self-proclaimed Serbian republic within Bosnia and Herzegovina, and was indicted for genocide and crimes against humanity in 1995. On the basis of critical discourse analysis, we argue that Television Serbia, while covering Karadžic's arrest, constructed a nationalistic discourse by invoking nostalgia for Greater Serbia in ways that suppressed or concealed any connection between Karadžic specifically, the Serbs in general, and especially the current government with war crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time this discourse celebrated Serbia as a superior nation as it progressed toward inclusion in the European Union

The level of health literacy of secondary school students in Slovenia

Introduction: Health literacy of secondary school students is particularly important as they are exposed to higher health risk. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the level of basic health literacy, critical and mental health literacy, and numeracy of Slovenian secondary school nursing students using a cross-sectional comparative method.Methods: The questionnaire measuring the level of basic numerical, critical, and mental health literacy was completed by 249 secondary school students, divided into a group of secondary school students attending a nursing program and students of others similar secondary schools such as economic technician, chemical technician and preschool education.Results: Secondary nursing students were found to have statistically significantly higher levels of basic and mental health literacy than their peers, rather than numerical and critical health literacy. In addition, the results show that there is no statistically significant difference in the level of health literacy between the groups of secondary school students in relation to the environment (rural/urban area).Conclusion: Numerical and critical health literacy should be systematically developed in nursing schools, and at least the basic aspects of health literacy should be introduced in all secondary school curricula

Svjesnost, stavovi i kupovina hrane s oznakama kvalitete u Sloveniji

Purpose – This study aims to identify the awareness of Slovenian consumers and their attitudes towards labels, as well as the reasons why consumers do not buy labeled food. Design/Methodology/Approach – A qualitative approach involving six focus groups (N = 60) and shopping with consumers (N = 16) was conducted in the winter of 2020/2021. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings and implications – The results show that the awareness of quality labels is weak mainly due to their considerable number and poor designed, but also on account of ineffective communication campaigns. With respect to the awareness of and attitude to the quality scheme, the participants were divided into four groups: “The Aware”, “The Sceptics”, “Potential Buyers”, and “The Disinterested”. The reasons for not buying quality labeled foods despite being aware of the labels included overpriced products, no availability of labeled foods generally and those with a good taste and special nutritional value specifically, familiarity/experience with the product, and mistrust of the labeling and social system. The study stresses the important role of social perception and trust in the social system for the acceptance and purchase of such food. Limitations – The main limitation of the study is its focus on digitally literate consumers only. Originality – The relevant literature is enhanced by considering the shopping with consumers exercise given that no published study to date, according to the authors’ knowledge, is based on the observation of quality labels at the time of purchase.Svrha – Cilj studije je identificirati svjesnost slovenskih potrošača, njihove stavove prema oznakama kvalitete i razloge zašto ne kupuju označenu hranu. Metodološki pristup – Provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje sa šest fokus grupa (N = 60) i tijekom kupovine s potrošačima (N = 16) u zimi 2020./2021. Za analizu podataka korištena je tematska analiza. Rezultati i implikacije – Rezultati pokazuju da je svjesnost o oznakama kvalitete slaba uglavnom zbog činjenice da ih ima izuzetno puno, loše su osmišljene i zbog neučinkovitosti komunikacijskih kampanji. S obzirom na svjesnost i stav prema kvaliteti, sudionici istraživanja su podijeljeni u četiri skupine: “Svjesni”, “Skeptici”, “Potencijalni kupci” i “Nezainteresirani”. Razlozi zbog kojih se ne kupuje hrana s oznakom kvalitete, usprkos svjesnosti o oznakama, jesu precijenjeni proizvodi i nedostatak dostupnosti hrane s oznakama općenito, a posebno zbog dobrog okusa i posebnih nutritivnih vrijednosti, poznavanja/iskustva s proizvodom i nepovjerenja u označavanje i društveni sustav. Za kupovinu i prihvaćanje takve hrane studija naglašava važnu ulogu društvene percepcije i povjerenja u društveni sustav. Ograničenja – Glavno ograničenje istraživanja jest u tome što je usmjereno na digitalno pismene potrošače. Doprinos – Relevantna literatura obogaćena je razmatranjem kupovine s potrošačima s obzirom na to da se ni jedna do danas objavljena studija, prema saznanjima autora, ne temelji na promatranju oznaka kvalitete u trenutku kupovine

Evropska unija – nova domovina za ilegalne imigrante? Študija imaginarijev Evropske unije

Several studies deal with representation of the European Union (EU), but none of them analyzes the views of the contemporary Others of the EU. This study tries to fill this gap and to expand the post-nationalist approach to studying the EU with data gained from indepth interviews with illegal immigrants from Africa. The results show that before leaving Africa, illegal immigrants associated the EU with economic success based on the media, members of organized crime groups, and false images of immigrant life in the EU. On the basis of their experiences, their image of the EU changed: Europe is a land of repression, modern slavery, and racism.Mnoge študije proučujejo reprezentacijo Evropske unije (EU), toda nobena ne analizira pogledov sodobnih Drugih na EU. Ta študija skuša zapolniti to vrzel, obenem pa s podatki, pridobljenimi s poglobljenimi intervjuji z ilegalnimi imigranti iz Afrike, razširiti postnacionalni pristop k proučevanju EU. Rezultati kažejo, da so ilegalni imigranti pred odhodom povezovali EU z ekonomskim uspehom na podlagi medijev, pripadnikov organiziranega kriminala in lažnih podob imigrantskega življenja v EU. Na podlagi izkušenj se je njihova podoba EU spremenila: Evropa je dežela represije, sodobnega suženjstva in rasizma

News Reporting about Genetically Modified Organisms in the Context of Different Journalistic Ideologies

The aim of this article is to research how Slovenian journalists carry out the professional ideology of objectivity, which is prevalently founded on the Anglo-American model of journalism and demands that journalists devote the same amount of space or time to all actors involved in an event. The study was performed on a case of news reporting about one of the most controversial biotechnological topics, i.e., the introduction of the cultivation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). All previous studies about news reporting on this topic in European media showed that journalists were mostly constructing the anti-GMOs discourse, based on sources which put the risks of GMOs at the forefront. Because these studies used only quantitative methods and analysed only the elite press, our study combines methods and includes diverse media in the sample. Both quantitative analysis (content analysis) and qualitative analysis (critical discourse analysis) of news items about GMOs, published in the Slovenian press, television programs and the press agency in 2009 and 2010 revealed that journalists predominantly cited sources which opposed the introduction of the cultivation of GMOs, and they explicitly expressed their own opinions, which were against GMOs. Journalists of tabloids were particularly negative in their views; they tried to mobilize the audience to boycott GMO-products. The research indicated that journalists did not follow the American tradition of equally citing different opinions about the topic and not express*ing journalists’ own opinions. Instead, their reporting was closer to that of the European tradition. The research also proved that in this case the journalistic practice did not correspond to the ideological concept of journalism formally adopted by the Slovenian journalistic community. Therefore, each analysis of journalistic professionalism should include research of everyday journalistic practice in addition to analysis of journalists’ ideology