Do adults with bacterial infections develop less of an antibiotic resistance with IV antibiotics than with oral antibiotics after a full course of treatment?

This study was conducted in order to discover if patients develop less of an antibiotic resistance when going through intravenous antibiotics, compared to using oral antibiotics. This concept was created due to the fact that many people that are prescribed oral antibiotics, do not finish the entire prescribed amount. When this occurs, it gives the bacteria that the antibiotics were trying to get rid of, have the chance to adapt and become resistant to the particular antibiotic. By discovering the percentage of people who were prescribed antibiotics that never finished a round of them, it aids in narrowing down what the best course of action would be to aid in further preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance

Introduction of a Novel Quick Reference Guide for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists to Assist in Perioperative Fire Prevention: A Quality Improvement Project

Perioperative fires are traumatizing events that may lead to patient and staff morbidity and mortality. CRNAs are in a unique position for monitoring, assessing, and intervening to prevent perioperative fires yet fire prevention resources designed specifically for anesthesia providers are not available. In this quality improvement project, a perioperative fire prevention quick reference guide tailored to the distinct role of the CRNA was created. This guide was distributed to CRNAs for use in practice at an ambulatory surgical center and its utility was evaluated via pre- and post-intervention participant surveys. Participants indicated that availability of the reference guide improved confidence in knowledge about perioperative fire prevention and decreased the amount of time it would take to access reference materials on the topic, should the need arise. The quick reference guide represents a cost-effective method of improving patient safety and staff efficiency. For future use, the guide may be tailored to suit the needs of other organizations based on procedures performed or equipment utilized.D.N.P

A biological assessment of zooplankton in St. Pauls Inlet, an estuarine environment in Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland

St. Pauls Inlet is a fjordal estuary in Gros Morne National Park, Canada. During the summers of 2009 and 2010 four sites within the inlet were sampled for zooplankton as part of Memorial University’s Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA) project. Objectives were: Determine patterns in zooplankton species composition o Compare to species data from previous survey o Relate to observed longitudinal salinity gradients o Compare composition with that of estuaries regionally Estimate zooplankton abundance o Compare with abundances seen in estuaries globally Zooplankton species were primarily marine cyclopoida and calanoida, with some brackish-water cladocerans. Cluster Analysis and NMDS showed no strong longitudinal patterns in species assemblages in either season. Only 10 % faunal similarity was observed with estuarine Lake Melville in Labrador, Canada. St. Pauls Inlet does not appear to be a highly productive system, based on low zooplankton abundance (< 4 inds/l), compared with other global sites

Dynamic Classification of Moisture Stress Using Canopy and Leaf Temperature Responses to a Step Changes of Incident Radiation

Environmental conditions affect plant productivity and understanding how plants respond to drought stress can be measured in different ways. This study focused on measuring leaf response time to induced water stress. Leaf response time to a step increase and step decrease in radiation was computed for four species of well-watered and water-stressed plants in a controlled environment. The canopy temperature was measured with an infrared thermometer and a thermal imaging camera. Thermal images were analyzed to determine the average temperature of a selected single, unobstructed leaf at the top of the canopy. Both the canopy response time and the single leaf response time were computed for this study. The response times to a step change of radiation for well-watered plants were generally longer than the response times of water stressed plants. These results show that response time may be used as an indicator of plant water stress

Dynamic Classification of Moisture Stress Using Canopy and Leaf Temperature Responses to a Step Changes of Incident Radiation

Environmental conditions affect plant productivity and understanding how plants respond to drought stress can be measured in different ways. This study focused on measuring leaf response time to induced water stress. Leaf response time to a step increase and step decrease in radiation was computed for four species of well-watered and water-stressed plants in a controlled environment. The canopy temperature was measured with an infrared thermometer and a thermal imaging camera. Thermal images were analyzed to determine the average temperature of a selected single, unobstructed leaf at the top of the canopy. Both the canopy response time and the single leaf response time were computed for this study. The response times to a step change of radiation for well-watered plants were generally longer than the response times of water stressed plants. These results show that response time may be used as an indicator of plant water stress

African American Female Offender\u27s Use of Alternative and Traditional Health Services After Re-Entry: Examining the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations

This is the first known study to use the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to predict African American women\u27s use of three types of health services (alternative, hospitalization, and ambulatory) in the 18 months after release from prison. In the multivariate models, the most robust predictors of all three types of service utilization were in the vulnerable theoretical domains. Alternative health services were predicted by ethnic community membership, higher religiosity, and HIV/HCV. Hospitalizations were predicted by the lack of barriers to health care and disability. Ambulatory office visits were predicted by more experiences of gendered racism, a greater number of physical health problems, and HIV/HCV. Findings highlight the importance of cultural factors and HIV/HCV in obtaining both alternative and formal health care during community re-entry. Clinicians and policymakers should consider the salient role that the vulnerable domain plays in offender\u27s accessing health services

Examining the Associations of Racism, Sexism, and Stressful Life Events on Psychological Distress among African-American Women

African-American women may be susceptible to stressful events and adverse health outcomes as a result of their distinct social location at the intersection of gender and race. Here, racism and sexism are examined concurrently using survey data from 204 African-American women residing in a southeastern U.S. urban city. Associations among racism, sexism, and stressful events across social roles and contexts (i.e., social network loss, motherhood and childbirth, employment and finances, personal illness and injury, and victimization) are investigated. Then, the relationships among these stressors on psychological distress are compared, and a moderation model is explored. Findings suggest that racism and sexism are a significant source of stress in the lives of African-American women and are correlated with one another and with other stressful events. Implications for future research and clinical considerations are discussed. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved

Bonobos and chimpanzees remember familiar conspecifics for decades

Funding: We are grateful to the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) for core financial support to the RZSS Edinburgh Zoo’s Budongo Research Unit where this project was carried out.Recognition and memory of familiar conspecifics provides the foundation for complex sociality and is vital to navigating an unpredictable social world [Tibbetts and Dale, Trends Ecol. Evol. 22 , 529–537 (2007)]. Human social memory incorporates content about interactions and relationships and can last for decades [Sherry and Schacter, Psychol. Rev. 94 , 439–454 (1987)]. Long-term social memory likely played a key role throughout human evolution, as our ancestors increasingly built relationships that operated across distant space and time [Malone et al., Int. J. Primatol. 33 , 1251–1277 (2012)]. Although individual recognition is widespread among animals and sometimes lasts for years, little is known about social memory in nonhuman apes and the shared evolutionary foundations of human social memory. In a preferential-looking eye-tracking task, we presented chimpanzees and bonobos (N = 26) with side-by-side images of a previous groupmate and a conspecific stranger of the same sex. Apes’ attention was biased toward former groupmates, indicating long-term memory for past social partners. The strength of biases toward former groupmates was not impacted by the duration apart, and our results suggest that recognition may persist for at least 26 y beyond separation. We also found significant but weak evidence that, like humans, apes may remember the quality or content of these past relationships: apes’ looking biases were stronger for individuals with whom they had more positive histories of social interaction. Long-lasting social memory likely provided key foundations for the evolution of human culture and sociality as they extended across time, space, and group boundaries.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

St. Pauls Inlet: a biological re-assessment of zooplankton and fish populations within an estuarine system in Western Newfoundland

St. Pauls Inlet is a fjord-type estuary on the western coast of insular Newfoundland. It has been classified as a marine area of interest by the Canadian Parks and Wildlife Society (Rao et al. 2009). The inlet can be defined as an estuarine system in that it is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with a free connection to the sea and within which the sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water (Pritchard 1967). The area is also characteristic of fjordal landscapes as a result of the glacial sculpting which occurred in western Newfoundland approximately 12, 000 years ago (Rogerson 1983)