Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Tumor Arising from the Olfactory Mucosa

We report a rare case of olfactory ensheathing cell tumor. A female presented a large soft mass extending medially to the olfactory cleft and laterally to the middle meatus in the left nasal cavity. Imaging studies confirmed a cystic mass extending superiorly into the frontal lobe, indicating that the tumor arouse from the olfactory mucosa. A subtotal resection was achieved through an endoscopic endonasal approach without operative complications. Immunohistochemically constituent cells were diffusely positive for S-100 protein, but olfactory ensheathing cell tumor was diagnosed by negative staining for Leu7 (CD57). This case indicates that olfactory ensheathing cell tumor should be included in differential diagnoses for the olfactory cleft tumors

Todays Issues of Supporting Youth and Intergenerational Approaches in U.S.A. : The Possibility of Systems Building for Linking Communities, Schools and Homes

Today American society has a lot of difficulties in caring youth. The studies of adolescence have revealed that instructive after shool programs are really needed for supporting youth. In this point of view, it is considarable that Intergenerational programs have worked for youth at risiks by building systems, linking communities, schools and homes since 80\u27s. In this paper, I am going to discuss how to built supporting systems by making reference to one of the case study of Intergenerational programs, ""Experience Corps"" in Philaderphia. The key-words are ""Self-organization"", and ""Mediator""

The Supporting Systems of NPO and Guarantee of Plurarism In U.S.A.: Trough the investigation of Legislations and Intermediary systems

In America, they say, NPO is the organization for the guarantee of plural values. Is it true ? And what is a difference of plurarism and diversity? In this paper, we would like to regard that the supporting systems of NPO but not NPO itself make the guarantee of plural values possible. When we define the plurarism and diversity based on the idea of identity proposed by Erikson, "mutuality" is the basic idea of plurarism. Then after, by which idea we would like to elucidate the role of supporting systems of NPO ,the Legislations and the Intermediary sistems. As the result, we find supporting systems creates diverse holders of NPO, which promotes "mutuality". As the result of that, we find the supporting systems of NPO guarantee plural values over diversity

The formation and development of intergenerational programs in U.S.A.

In aging society, we have to discuss how to promote social relationship between generations for intergenerational cooperation. In Japan, school facilities are going to be adjusted to promote intergenerational exchange between students and seniors as a basis for communities. In U.S.A., where the intergenerational approach has risen. Generations United which consists of many organizations, say, boy scout, American Association of Retired Persons and so on, promotes intergenerational policies through working on federal government. Now, in U.S.A., so many young and old people are involved in intergenerational programs to help each other. The programs have corresponded to many social problems, such as the caring children or older adults and youth problems since the 1980\u27s. In this paper, we are going to see how and why intergenerational programs have been developed in U.S.A

The Meaning of Writing about One\u27s Life in Middle-old Age : Forming Motivation for Life-long Learning

In Japan, since the movement of Seikatsukiroku in 1950\u27s, the meaning of writing of common people about their lives has been argued from not only learning, but historical or cultural point of view. The core members of the movement ware young adults. Nowadays, middle-old aged persons often do that for the purpose of finding their lives worth living. This paper, by presentating a lot of writings of middle-olds and analizing them, discusses the reason why they dare to write about their lives today. Based on that thinking, we try to elucidate the relationsips between the writings and mans mental developement in life stage. So we find writings joining them to society and to their life history. And it cultivates communications inside themselves, so that developes not only the recognition or creativity but emotional advancement. More significantly, the cultivated communications inside themselves make a demand for re-understanding the meanings of their lives. That couses the motivation for life-long learning

The tertiary structure of the human Xkr8–Basigin complex that scrambles phospholipids at plasma membranes

Xkr8–Basigin is a plasma membrane phospholipid scramblase activated by kinases or caspases. We combined cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography to investigate its structure at an overall resolution of 3.8 Å. Its membrane-spanning region carrying 22 charged amino acids adopts a cuboid-like structure stabilized by salt bridges between hydrophilic residues in transmembrane helices. Phosphatidylcholine binding was observed in a hydrophobic cleft on the surface exposed to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Six charged residues placed from top to bottom inside the molecule were essential for scrambling phospholipids in inward and outward directions, apparently providing a pathway for their translocation. A tryptophan residue was present between the head group of phosphatidylcholine and the extracellular end of the path. Its mutation to alanine made the Xkr8–Basigin complex constitutively active, indicating that it plays a vital role in regulating its scramblase activity. The structure of Xkr8–Basigin provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying phospholipid scrambling