102 research outputs found
Compositional Development of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Microbiota Is Linked with Crying and Fussing in Early Infancy
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to establish whether there is an interconnection between the compositional development of the gut microbiota and the amount of fussing and crying in early infancy. METHODS: Behavioral patterns of 89 infants during the 7(th) and 12(th) week of life were recorded in parental diaries. Total distress was defined as the sum of daily amounts of crying and fussing. Infants' gut microbiota profiles were investigated by several molecular assays during the first six months of life. RESULTS: The median (range) duration of total distress among the infants was 106 (0-478) minutes a day during the 7(th) and 58 (0-448) minutes a day during the 12(th) week. The proportion of Bifidobacterium counts to total bacterial counts was inversely associated with the amount of crying and fussing during the first 3 months of life (p = 0.03), although the number of Bifidobacterium breve was positively associated with total distress (p = 0.02). The frequency of Lactobacillus spp. at the age of 3 weeks was inversely associated with total infant distress during the 7(th) week of life (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus appear to protect against crying and fussing. Identification of specific strains with optimal protective properties would benefit at-risk infants
Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid
Association of allergic diseases with childrenâs life satisfaction: population-based study in Finland
Objective To assess the impact of allergic diseases on the subjective well-being and life satisfaction of primary-school children.Design Population-based cohort.Setting Finnish sample of children ages 10 and 12 from the International Survey of Childrenâs Well-Being.Participants Nationally representative sample of 1947 school children.Main outcome measure
Two different instruments to assess the childâs own perception of
well-being, the short version of the Student Life Satisfaction Scale
(SLSS) and the Brief Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale
(BMSLSS).Results
Altogether, 51.4% of children reported having at least one allergic
condition (10.1% asthma, 23.8% eczema and 40.3% seasonal allergic
rhinitis). A statistically significant distinction in life satisfaction
emerged between non-allergic and allergic children (inferior in the
latter). In particular, children with eczema were more likely to report a
reduction in life satisfaction compared with non-allergic children
(SLSS ÎČ=â128.220; BMSLSS ÎČ=â90.694; p<0.01). Apart from freedom from
eczema, good life satisfaction was associated with a physically active
lifestyle.Conclusions
Active allergic disease reduces the childâs own perception of
well-being. During clinical visits, more attention should be paid to the
childâs psychosocial status and impairments, which may differ
substantially from those of parents or medical authorities.</div
The impact of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on DNA methylation of obesity-related genes in mothers and their children
PurposeDietary
supplementation with probiotics during pregnancy has been suggested to
decrease the risk for obesity in women after delivery and to minimize
excessive weight gain in their children. Epigenetic DNA methylation has
been proposed to impact on gene activity, thereby providing a plausible
molecular mechanism for a broad range of biological processes and
diseases. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether probiotic
supplementation during pregnancy could modify the DNA methylation status
of the promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes in mothers
and their children.MethodsA
sample of 15 pregnant women was taken from a prospective, randomized
mother and infant nutrition and probiotic study. Seven women received
the probiotic supplementation and eight served as controls. The womenâs
and their childrenâs DNA methylation status of obesity (623 genes) and
weight gain-related (433) gene promoters were analyzed from blood
samples at the mean of 9.8Â months (range 6.1â12.7Â months) postpartum.ResultsProbiotic
supplementation led to significantly decreased levels of DNA
methylation in 37 gene promoters and increased levels of DNA methylation
in one gene promoter in women. In their children, 68 gene promoters
were significantly affected consistently with a lower level of DNA
methylation in the probiotic group.ConclusionsOn
the basis of our pilot study, we suggest that probiotic supplementation
during pregnancy may affect the DNA methylation status of certain
promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes both in mothers and
their children, thereby providing a potential mechanism for long-lasting
health effects.</div
Breast Milk Microbiota Is Shaped by Mode of Delivery and Intrapartum Antibiotic Exposure
The mode of delivery has been suggested to modulate the bacterial composition of breast milk but the impact of intrapartum antibiotic use on the milk microbiota is currently not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the mode of the delivery and intrapartum antibiotic administration on the microbial composition of breast milk. Breast milk samples were collected from 84 healthy mothers 1 month after the delivery. In total, 61 mothers had delivered vaginally, 23 of which had received intrapartum antibiotics, 13 women had delivered with non-elective cesarean section, 7 of which had received antibiotics, and 10 mothers had delivered with elective cesarean section without intrapartum antibiotic treatment. Both mode of delivery and intrapartum antibiotic exposure were significantly associated with changes in the milk microbial composition as assessed by analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) test (p = 0.001). The mode of delivery had a more profound effect on the milk microbiota composition as compared to intrapartum antibiotic exposure. Although the clinical significance of breast milk microbiota is currently poorly understood, this study shows that cesarean section delivery has an independent effect on breast milk microbiota composition. The dysbiosis observed in infants born by cesarean section delivery may be aggravated by the aberrant breast milk microbiota
Proceedings of the 2017 WAO Symposium on Hot Topics in Allergy: Pediatric & Regulatory Aspects
Maternal gut and breast milk microbiota affect infant gut antibiotic resistome and mobile genetic elements
Publisher Copyright: © 2018, The Author(s).The infant gut microbiota has a high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to adults, even in the absence of antibiotic exposure. Here we study potential sources of infant gut ARGs by performing metagenomic sequencing of breast milk, as well as infant and maternal gut microbiomes. We find that fecal ARG and mobile genetic element (MGE) profiles of infants are more similar to those of their own mothers than to those of unrelated mothers. MGEs in mothers' breast milk are also shared with their own infants. Termination of breastfeeding and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis of mothers, which have the potential to affect microbial community composition, are associated with higher abundances of specific ARGs, the composition of which is largely shaped by bacterial phylogeny in the infant gut. Our results suggest that infants inherit the legacy of past antibiotic consumption of their mothers via transmission of genes, but microbiota composition still strongly impacts the overall resistance load.Peer reviewe
The Effect of Donor Human Milk Fortification on The Adhesion of Probiotics In Vitro
Preterm delivery complications are the primary cause of death among children under the age of five. Preventive strategies include the use of pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), its fortification with human milk fortifiers (protein supplements), and supplementation with probiotics. Our aim was to examine the impact of DHM and fortified DHM (FDHM) on the mucus adhesion properties of two widely used probiotics. The study covered two forms of human milk fortifier, liquid and powdered, with or without probiotics and storage at 4 °C for 24 h. To test the adhesion properties of the probiotic strains, DHM+probiotics and FDHM+probiotics were prepared and added to immobilized mucus isolated from the stool of healthy Finnish infants. The probiotic adhesion was then measured by liquid scintillation. Our results suggest that addition of liquid or powdered human milk fortifier in donor human milk had no impact on probiotic adhesion. In addition, given the increased adhesion of probiotics suspended in buffer, other matrices should be further studied. These factors need to be considered when designing future intervention strategies using probiotics in preterm infants.</p
Breast Milk Microbiota Is Shaped by Mode of Delivery and Intrapartum Antibiotic Exposure
The mode of delivery has been suggested to modulate the bacterial composition of breast milk but the impact of intrapartum antibiotic use on the milk microbiota is currently not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the mode of the delivery and intrapartum antibiotic administration on the microbial composition of breast milk. Breast milk samples were collected from 84 healthy mothers 1 month after the delivery. In total, 61 mothers had delivered vaginally, 23 of which had received intrapartum antibiotics, 13 women had delivered with non-elective cesarean section, 7 of which had received antibiotics, and 10 mothers had delivered with elective cesarean section without intrapartum antibiotic treatment. Both mode of delivery and intrapartum antibiotic exposure were significantly associated with changes in the milk microbial composition as assessed by analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) test (p = 0.001). The mode of delivery had a more profound effect on the milk microbiota composition as compared to intrapartum antibiotic exposure. Although the clinical significance of breast milk microbiota is currently poorly understood, this study shows that cesarean section delivery has an independent effect on breast milk microbiota composition. The dysbiosis observed in infants born by cesarean section delivery may be aggravated by the aberrant breast milk microbiota
Spontaneous preterm delivery is reflected in both early neonatal and maternal gut microbiota
AbstractBackgroundAberrant gut microbiota composition in preterm neonates is linked to adverse health consequences. Little is known about the impact of perinatal factors or maternal gut microbiota on initial preterm gut colonization.MethodsFecal samples were collected from 55 preterm neonates (ResultsPreterm neonates exhibited significantly lower gut microbiota alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity clustering compared to term neonates. Spontaneous preterm birth was associated with distinct initial gut microbiota beta diversity as compared to iatrogenic delivery. Gestational age or delivery mode had no impact on the preterm gut microbiota composition. The cause of preterm delivery was also reflected in the maternal gut microbiota composition. The contribution of maternal gut microbiota to initial preterm gut colonization was more pronounced after spontaneous delivery than iatrogenic delivery and not dependent on delivery mode.ConclusionsThe initial preterm gut microbiota is distinct from term microbiota. Spontaneous preterm birth is reflected in the early neonatal and maternal gut microbiota. Transmission of gut microbes from mother to neonate is determined by spontaneous preterm delivery, but not by mode of birth.ImpactThe initial gut microbiota in preterm neonates is distinct from those born full term. Spontaneous preterm birth is associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition of both preterm neonates and their mothers. The contribution of the maternal gut microbiota to initial neonatal gut colonization was more pronounced after spontaneous preterm delivery as compared to iatrogenic preterm delivery and not dependent on delivery mode.Our study provides new evidence regarding the early gut colonization patterns in preterm infants.Altered preterm gut microbiota has been linked to adverse health consequences and may provide a target for early intervention.</p
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