THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE BURDEN OF FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

Public Economics,

ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MINNESOTA COMPARED TO NEIGHBORING STATES AND THE U.S.

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MINNESOTA COMPARED TO NEIGHBORING STATES AND THE NATION AS A WHOLE AND PROJECTIONS TO 1980 AND TO 1990

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

The Approach of Ecological Economics

This paper discusses the major tenets of ecological economics - including value pluralism, methodological pluralism, and multi-criteria policy assessment. Ecological economics offers viable alternatives to the theoretical foundations and policy recommendations of neoclassical welfare economics. A revolution in neoclassical economics is currently taking place and the core assumptions of welfare economics are being replaced with more realistic models of consumer and firm behavior. But we argue that these new theoretical and empirical findings are largely ignored in applied work and policy applications in environmental economics. As the only heterodox school of economics focusing on the human economy both as a social system and as one imbedded in the biophysical universe, and thus both holistic and scientifically based, ecological economics is poised to play a leading role in recasting the scope and method of economic science.

Ecological Economics at a Crossroads

During the past decade theoretical and empirical advances in neoclassical economics have resulted in the virtual rejection of the two pillars of traditional welfare economics-- rational economic man and perfect competition. Surprisingly, many ecological economists are moving closer to the discredited neo-Walrasian welfare model just at the time it is being replaced within the mainstream. We call for a return to the roots of ecological economics and an engagement with current developments in mainstream theory.

A Decade and More of UML: An Overview of UML Semantic and Structural Issues and UML Field Use

More than 10 years ago in 1997, three modeling advocates brought together their own distinct techniques to forge UML (Unified Modeling Language), and the world of modeling was forever changed (Booch, Rumbaugh, & Jacobson, 1999, 2005). The Object Management Group (OMG) immediately adopted the new language as the standard for their newly expanded object-oriented (OO) modeling scope (OMG, 2008), and the stage seemed set for a modeling explosion with UML leading the way into a brave new world of more accurate and better performing systems

Does the REIT Stock Market Resemble the General Stock Market?

Gyourko and Keim (1993) point out that the continued growth of the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) market depends critically on the stock market's ability to provide fair and accurate valuations of real estate. Given the recent surge of REIT initial public offerings (more than $15 billion in the 1993-1994 period), it is important to know whether the stock market provides the REIT market with the same level of information dissemination, monitoring activities, and pricing mechanisms as that for other stocks. This study demonstrates that, when compared with the general stock market, REIT stocks tend to have a smaller turnover ratio, a lower level of institutional investor participation, and are followed by fewer security analysts. Furthermore, the level of financial analysts coverage and stock turnover intensity are higher when the REIT stock market is "hot." The lack of attention from financial analysts and institutional investors in the REIT stock market may have some implications for the well-documented anomalous REIT stock performance.

Constitutional Law-Expatriation-Criminal Due Process as Prerequisite to Expatriation When Imposed as Punishment

Respondents, native-born Americans, in two separate cases sought declaratory judgments confirming their status as United States citizens. One wanted to return to this country, and the other sought to avoid deportation as an alien. The Government claimed that respondents had lost their citizenship by operation of section 401(j) of the Nationality Act of 1940 and its successor, section 349(a)(10) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which automatically divest an American of his citizenship for departing from or remaining outside the jurisdiction of the United States in time of war or . . . national emergency for the purpose of evading or avoiding training and service in the armed forces. Both respondents had remained outside the United States during such a period, and one conceded that his purpose in doing so was to avoid his military obligations. The statutory provisions were held unconstitutional by the federal district courts. In both cases direct appeal was taken to the Supreme Court, where the cases were consolidated for decision. Held, affirmed, four Justices dissenting. Congress cannot employ the sanction of expatriation as a punishment without providing for the procedural safeguards required by the fifth and sixth amendments. Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. 144 (1963)