PENGARUH STRUKTUR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Intellectual capital is important information to stakeholders intheir decision making. Although, intellectual capital is valuable information, bu~rlnancial reports fail to reflect such a wide range of value-creating ofintellectual capital. Therefore, corporate governance mechanism shoul have ability to support company to disclose about intellectual capital. This study investigates the relationship between intellectual capital disclosure and corporate governance variables forlisted firms in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study using content analysis methode to get information from annual report and multiple regression analysis. Based on 23 sample listedfirms in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2006 and 2007. Intellectual capital disclosure is measured by a disclosure index score, supported by word count and percentage of word count to assess the variety, volume and focus of intellectual capital disclosure. The independent variables are corporate governance structure : board composition ownership structure, audit committee size, andfrequency ofaudit committee. Result ofthe analysis based on disclosure index (ICDI), word count (ICWC), and percentage of word count (ICWC%) of intellectual capital disclosure indicate there is negative relationship between intellectual capital disclosure with ownership structure and positive reationship between intellectual capital disclosure with audit committee size, but no relationship between board composition, and frequency of audit committee. Keywords : intellectual capital disclosure, corporate governance, content analysis, annual repor

Messages from the inside. The dynamic environment that favors intestinal homeostasis

An organism is defined as "an individual living thing capable of responding to stimuli, growing, reproducing, and maintaining homeostasis." Early during evolution multicellular organisms explored the advantages of a symbiotic life. Mammals harbor a complex aggregate of microorganisms (called microbiota) that includes bacteria, fungi, and archaea. Some of these bacteria have already defined beneficial roles for the human host that include the ability to break down nutrients that could not otherwise be digested, preventing the growth of harmful species, as well as the ability to produce vitamins or hormones. It is intuitive that along the evolutionary path several mechanisms favored bacteria that provided advantages to the host which, in return, avoided launching an aggressive immunological response against them. The intestinal immunological response does not ignore the lumenal content, on the contrary, immune surveillance is favored by continuous antigen sampling. Some intestinal epithelial cells (ECs) are crucial during the sampling process, others actively participate in the defense mechanism. In essence the epithelium acts as a traffic light, communicating to the inside world whether conditions are safe or dangerous, and thus influencing immunological response. In this review we will discuss the dynamic factors that act on the intestinal ECs and how they directly or indirectly influence immune cells during states of health and disease. © 2013 Eri and Chieppa

Concept and challenges of delivering preventive and care services in prehospital emergency medical service: A qualitative study

Background and purpose: Prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) is an important part of the health care system. Today, the need for integrated emergency care services and delivering qualified preventive and care services felt more than before in accidents and emergencies. This survey aimed to investigate the views of emergency medical personnel on the concept and nature of preventive and care services and current challenges in delivering these services in prehospital EMS centers in Golestan province, Iran. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was done with 16 emergency medical personnel working in EMS sites in Golestan province using purposeful sampling. Data was collected by semistructured interview guide and framework analysis was implemented to analyze the data. Results: Two general themes were identified including 1) the concept of preventive and care services in the EMS and 2) the challenges in providing qualified services in the EMS sites in Golestan province. Also, five sub-themes and 12 subclasses were determined. Conclusion: To enhance and promote services, the EMS system of Golestan province need reforms in organizational structure, laws and administrative regulations, training programs, the system of monitoring and evaluation of personnel, also provision of equipment and manpower and provision of personnel amenities to improve the staff performance. Furthermore, it is necessary to boost emergency services at the community level through training people and enhancing collaboration and participation with other organizations. © 2015, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Teknik Firm Agar untuk Isolasi Bakteri Menjalar

Infeksi dapat disebabkan satu atau campuran bakteri. Isolasi bakteri dari sampel dibutuhkan media dan teknik yang baik dan selanjutnya dapat dilakukan identifikasi. Permasalahan muncul apabila sampel mengandung bakteri bersifat menjalar yang pertumbuhannya dapat menutupi bakteri lain. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat modifikasi Firm Nutrien Agar Plate (FNAP) dan Firm Agar Darah Plate (FADP) dengan metode yang praktis, efisien dan murah, yang memiliki kemampuan mengisolasi bakteri yang sama dengan media rutin, tetapi menghambat ekspresi menjalar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan isolat Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 sebagai kontrol bakteri yang tidak menjalar dan Proteus mirabilis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolat limbah sebagai bakteri yang mempunyai sifat menjalar. Masing-masing bakteri dibuat suspensi Mc Farland 0,5 kemudian ditanam satu ose pada media rutin dan modifikasi firm agar. Hasil penelitian Staphylococcus aureus yang tumbuh pada FNAP dan FADP jumlah koloni lebih sedikit dan diameter semakin kecil dengan meningkatnya kepadatan media. Proteus mirabilis yang memiliki flagel peritrikh dan Pseudomonas aeuginosa yang memiliki flagel monotrikh, ekspresi menjalar menghilang, morfologi koloni membulat, terpisah dengan meningkatnya kepadatan media. Jumlah koloni yang tumbuh tidak berbeda nyata pada media rutin maupun firm agar. Kesimpulan: Modifikasi firm agar dapat menghilangkan sifat menjalar bakteri tanpa menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain, sehingga media tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengisolasi bakteri dari sampel yang mengandung campuran bakteri. Saran: Perlu peningkatan konsentrasi media FADP untuk memperoleh koloni yang terpisah. Selain itu diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat kemampuan mengisolasi media dengan menanamkan campuran bakteri yang mempunyai sifat menjalar dan bakteri yang tidak mempunyai sifat menjalar.

Enhancement of W+/- H-/+ Production at Hadron Colliders in the Two Higgs Doublet Model

We discuss the associated W+/- H-/+ production at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The dependence of the hadronic cross section on the Higgs sector parameters is investigated in detail in the framework of the general Two Higgs Doublet Model (THDM). We study the possible enhancement of the THDM prediction for the cross section compared to the prediction of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We find regions in the THDM parameter space where the THDM prediction can exceed the one of the MSSM by two orders of magnitude. These regions of large cross section are in agreement with theoretical bounds on the model, derived from the requirement of vacuum stability and perturbative unitarity, and are not excluded by experimental constraints.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure

Kindergartners’ morphological awareness, its instruction and guidance in the Indonesian context

Children's language development is an arguably integral part of early childhood education. This research departs from the assumption that morphological awareness encompassing sensitivity to word units plays a critical role in ascertaining the success of children's reading skills in school. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: i) to assess the level of morphological awareness of preschool children, and ii) to reveal the types of learning and guidance activities in the classroom that facilitate the development of children's linguistic awareness and early literacy in general. Data were obtained through a set of morphological awareness tasks (a judgment task and a word analogy task) to kindergarten students aged 4-6 years, classroom observations, and interviews with the teachers. By virtue of an exploratory nature of this research, the data stemmed from one kindergarten in a North Bandung area, Indonesia. Findings reveal that the kindergarten children, in general, have demonstrated early signs of morphological awareness owing to ongoing language development. Their morphological awareness level appears to be contingent on the extent of their morphological knowledge. Pedagogically, it is found that the teachers have provided the students with various types of morphological knowledge learning and guidance activities in the school to help hone the awareness. Implicationally, explicit morphological awareness and vocabulary instruction need to be implemented in a preschool context to prepare children’s later academic success

Tinjauan Kualitas pada Aerosol Can Ø 65 X 124 dengan Pendekatan Metode Six Sigma pada Line Abm 3 Departemen Assembly

Perkembangan dunia industri akan selalu terdapat persaingan. Kepuasan konsumen menjadi faktor utama yang mampu menentukan kemenangan dalam persaingan di dunia industri. Kepuasan konsumen dapat diraih salah satunya dengan menjaga kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Hal inilah yang mendasari untuk terus melakukan perbaikan kualitas. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada penurunan tingkat reject yang terdapat pada proses produksi Aerosol Can Ø65 X 124 dengan metode Six Sigma. Metode Six Sigma ini disusun berdasarkan sebuah metodologi penyelesaian masalah yang sederhana-DMAIC, yaitu: Define (merumuskan), Measure (mengukur), Analyze (menganalisa), Improve (memperbaiki) dan Control (mengendalikan), yang menggabungkan bermacam – macam perangkat statistik serta pendekatan perbaikan proses yang lainnya.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh DPMO sebesar 22.749,787 dengan nilai sigma 3,50. Dengan Weld Problem sebagai jumlah reject terbesar yaitu sebanyak 311.226 pcs atau 37,91% dari total reject keseluruhan. Dari analisa Fishbone Diagram dan FMEA didapat penyebab dari Weld Problem, yaitu: Ukuran material tidak standar, jenis Material yang berbeda-beda, kemampuan Operator kurang, SOP tidak dijalankan, profil Roll Weld aus dan kondisi mesin tidak normal, untuk itu perlu dilakukan perbaikan guna mengurangi jumlah kerusakan produk

Teknik Firm Agar Untuk Isolasi Bakteri Menjalar

Infeksi dapat disebabkan satu atau campuran bakteri. Isolasi bakteri dari sampel dibutuhkan media dan teknik yang baik dan selanjutnya dapat dilakukan identifikasi. Permasalahan muncul apabila sampel mengandung bakteri bersifat menjalar yang pertumbuhannya dapat menutupi bakteri lain. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat modifikasi Firm Nutrien Agar Plate (FNAP) dan Firm Agar Darah Plate (FADP) dengan metode yang praktis, efisien dan murah, yang memiliki kemampuan mengisolasi bakteri yang sama dengan media rutin, tetapi menghambat ekspresi menjalar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan isolat Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 sebagai kontrol bakteri yang tidak menjalar dan Proteus mirabilis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolat limbah sebagai bakteri yang mempunyai sifat menjalar. Masing-masing bakteri dibuat suspensi Mc Farland 0,5 kemudian ditanam satu ose pada media rutin dan modifikasi firm agar. Hasil penelitian Staphylococcus aureus yang tumbuh pada FNAP dan FADP jumlah koloni lebih sedikit dan diameter semakin kecil dengan meningkatnya kepadatan media. Proteus mirabilis yang memiliki flagel peritrikh dan Pseudomonas aeuginosa yang memiliki flagel monotrikh, ekspresi menjalar menghilang, morfologi koloni membulat, terpisah dengan meningkatnya kepadatan media. Jumlah koloni yang tumbuh tidak berbeda nyata pada media rutin maupun firm agar. Kesimpulan: Modifikasi firm agar dapat menghilangkan sifat menjalar bakteri tanpa menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain, sehingga media tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengisolasi bakteri dari sampel yang mengandung campuran bakteri. Saran: Perlu peningkatan konsentrasi media FADP untuk memperoleh koloni yang terpisah. Selain itu diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat kemampuan mengisolasi media dengan menanamkan campuran bakteri yang mempunyai sifat menjalar dan bakteri yang tidak mempunyai sifat menjalar

Uji Ketahanan Galur-galur Kentang Transgenik Hasil Transformasi Dengan Gen Rb Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun (Phytophthora Infestans) Di Kp Pasirsarongge, Cianjur

Resistance test strains of transgenic potatoes transformed with RB gene to late blight (Phytophthora infestan) in KP Pasirsarongge, Cianjur. Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans) (Mönt.) de Barry continues to be one of the most important crop diseases of all time. Genetic engineering of potato using RB gene for resistant plant to this disease is the most effective and environmental friendly to prevent widespread of late blight. This research aims to perform resistance of transgenic potato lines containing RB gene to lateblight (P. infestans) in Pasirsarongge, Cianjur field trial station. The first generation of transgenic lines were planted on polybag containing soil:manures using randomized complete block design. Tested plant inoculation was done naturaly from inoculum source from border row (Granola) that has been planted at one month before. The symptom was observed at one month after planting and damage scoring was done every three days for five times. Twenty two transgenic lines of tested plant showed various resistance respond to late blight (P. infestans) attack. Three transgenic lines showed highly resistance to late blight (P. infestans) were lines 11, 24, and 25, one transgenic line has resistant level was line 6

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Microbial Screening of Iron (II) and Cobalt (II) Complexes

Metal complexes of Iron and Cobalt were synthesized and characterized using IR and UV Visible spectroscopy. Their decomposition temperatures and solubility in different solvents were also investigated.  Both complexes were found to be soluble in Methanol, Ethanol, Chloroform, Ether, ammonia, DMSO, ethyl acetate, benzene, nitrobenzene and distilled water but insoluble in n-hexane. The decomposition temperatures of the synthesized Iron and cobalt complexes were in the range of 2760C - 2620C and 2630 C- 2530 C respectively. The IR spectra observed in all the complexes for v(C-O) and (C-O) showed a band at 1590 cm-1- 1700cm-1 and around 1200cm-1 -  1700cm-1 respectively ; (M-O) and (N-M) bands also ranged from 800cm-1 – 800cm-1 and 1000cm-1 -7500cm-1 respectively. The Uv-Vis result for the complexes showed Iron complex to have peaks at 400nm and a shoulder at 290nm; Cobalt (II) complex at 360nm and a shoulder at 400nm. Both the synthesized complexes showed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. Coli and Aspergilus at their highest concentrations.  The synthesized Iron complex however, had the best anti-microbial potential than the Cobalt complex and penicillin put together when used in the highest prepared concentration: 0.20cm for the iron complex, 0.40cm and 0.3cm for the cobalt complex and penicillin respectively against E-coli and the same trend was observed for aspergillus. Keywords: synthesis, characterization, complexes, anti-microbial, Uv-visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy