Chlamydia and the Gastrointestinal System

Chlamydiae are intracellular, gram-negative, and prokaryotic microorganisms. Capable of causing disease in many mammalian and avian species, there are three types that cause disease in humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Chlamydia psittaci. Among the chlamydia species, C. trachomatis is the most studied and encountered type because it is a leading cause of trachoma and sexually transmitted diseases. C. trachomatis, a known pathogen of the genital tract, can also be routinely detected in the human gastrointestinal tract. It can infect the enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. The best-known manner for C. trachomatis to enter the gastrointestinal tract is through oral and anal sex. Most of them are dormant, without causing any infection in the infected person. Chlamydia proctitis is the most well-known disease caused by C. trachomatis in the gastrointestinal tract. In this section, we evaluated the often-overlooked Chlamydia and the gastrointestinal system findings within the gastroenterology practice, the diseases it causes, and the treatments for these diseases

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with sustained and switching treatments using biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A multicenter, observational cross-sectional study for rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with different disease activity grades. Several registries have been designed to determine the appropriate regimens of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to obtain sustained clinical remission. We examined epidemiological and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients using a clinical registry database (BioSTaR) and analyzed the differences in patients with sustained and switched therapies. Methods A multicenter, observational cross-sectional study for rheumatoid arthritis was performed between February 2019 and September 2020 using the BioStaR-RA registry. Demographic and clinical characteristics were prospectively recorded into a specifically designed electronic database. The patients were divided into three groups due to the heterogeneity of the study cohort. Patients were grouped as Group I (Initial; within the first 6 months of treatment with biological/targeted synthetic drugs), Group ST (Sustained Treatment; any first drug lasting for at least 6 months without any change), and Group S (Switch; any switching to another drug). Comparative analysis was performed between sustained treatment (Group ST) and drug switching (Group S) groups. Results The study included a total of 565 patients. The mean age was 53.7 +/- 12.8 years, and the majority were female (80.4%). There were 104, 267, and 194 patients in Groups I, ST, and S, respectively. Erosive arthritis and hematological extra-articular involvement were more frequently detected in Group S than Group ST (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001). The patients in Group S had significantly higher disease activity scores (DAS28-CRP, CDAI, and SDAI) (p = 0.025, p = 0.010, and p = 0.003). There were significantly more patients with moderate disease activity in Group S (p < 0.05). Conclusions The groups with sustained treatment and switching included patients with different disease activity status, although higher disease activity was determined in switchers. Overall, moderate disease activity and remission were the most common disease activity levels. Lower disease activity scores, lower hematologic manifestations, better functional status, and lesser radiographic damage are associated with sustained treatment.Turkish Medicine and Medical Devices Agency ; Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanes

Barkod teknolojisini kullanarak hastanelerde sarf malzemeleri yönetimi uygulaması

ÖZETBARKOD TEKNOLOJİSİNİ KULLANARAK HASTANELERDE SARF MALZEMELERİ STOK YÖNETİMİGelişen teknolojinin yarattığı değişim hayatımızın her alanında etkisini gösterirken, işletmelerin teknolojiyi kullanma düzeyi, varlıklarını sürdürmelerinde önemli bir unsur haline gelmiştir. Teknolojik gelişmelerin güçlendirdiği parametrelerden biri olan yaşamın zaman boyutu, doğru zamanda doğru hamleler yapılmadığı takdirde firmaların aleyhine işlemektedir. Çünkü değişimin hızı ortamdaki değişkenlerin algılanmasında belirsizliğe neden olmaktadır.Teknolojik gelişmelerin güçlendirdiği parametrelerden biri olan yaşamın zaman boyutu, doğru zamanda doğru hamleler yapılmadığı takdirde firmaların aleyhine işlemektedir. Çünkü değişimin hızı ortamdaki değişkenlerin algılanmasında belirsizliğe neden olmaktadır.Değişen ve gelişen rekabet ortamında belirsizliği ortadan kaldırmak için gerekli olan bilginin zamanında üretilmesi, firmaları geleceğe taşıyan yöneticiler için çok önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Bu noktada teknolojiyi kullanan bilişim sistemleri, kendi varlığının sebebi yine kendisi olarak, yöneticiler için bilginin üretilmesinde kullanılan vazgeçilmez bir ihtiyaç olarak gündeme gelmektedir. Üretilen her yeni bilgi firmayı diğer rakiplerinden üstün kılmakta ayrıca yeni bilgi ihtiyacı ortaya çıkarmaktadır.Bilişim teknolojilerinden barkod teknolojisi süreç takibinde ve malzeme tanımlamalarında belirsizlikleri ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Hastanelerde yaşanan en önemli problemlerden biri de sarf malzemelerinin takibinde yaşanmaktadır. Malzemelerin çeşidinin fazla olması ve çok farklı ölçeklerde harcanması, bu farklılık sebebiyle departmanlardan hastalara sarfın sisteme girişinde yaşanan zorluklar, barkod teknolojisinin hastanelerde kullanımını engellemektedir.Ürünlerin sınıflandırılmasında ve tanımlanmasında farklı bir barkod tekniğinin kullanılması ile hastane özelinde oluşturulacak barkod ile takipte kolaylık sağlanacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Departmanlardan hastalara sarfta kullanılacak bilişim sistemi ve iş akışı ile bu problemlerin üstesinden gelinebilecektir. ABSTRACTSTOCK MANAGEMENT EXECUTION OF EXPENDING MATERIALS BY USING BARCODE TECHNOLOGYWhile changes that coused by improvements in technology, influencing our life, level of technology usage in a company becomes an important parametere to grow. Another parametere that becomes stronger with technologic improvements is time dimension of life. If a company wouldnt do right actions in right time, this will influences company negatively. Because speed of change causes to uncertainty on perceiving parameters that plays important roles in the condition.In competitive atmosphere which is changing and growing, to produce the information in right time that remove uncertainty, is so important need for the managers who carries company to the future. So information systems that uses the technology which are being used on producing information are so important for managers. Each new information makes the company more advantageous against to others. On the other hand, new information requirement is a need again.Barcode technology is being used to remove uncertainty in process management and material definition. One of the most important issue in hospitals is stock management of expending materials. There are many material types at hospitals and they are being measured with different measurements. Because of that inserting expent materials to the system is an important issue to use barcode technology at solution.If materials kategorization and definition reviewed and new barcode system which is private for company is improved, facilitates materials to manage the materials.Using barcode technology and barcode on departments can easily help to overcome the issues

Türkiye'de Kullanılan Bazı Şirket Değerleme Yöntemleri ve Bir Uygulama

Küresel rekabet ortamı isletmelerin piyasa değerlerini etkilemektedir. Bu süreçte isletmeler büyüme stratejilerini belirlerken, çoğunlukla birlesme ya da halka arz yöntemini kullanmaktadırlar. Her iki yöntemde de isletme değerinin tespiti, baska bir ifadeyle "değerleme" sorunuyla karsılasan isletmeler, değerleme yöntemini belirlerken, değerleme islemini amacını göz önünde bulundurmalıdır. Değerleme için çok sayıda yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Hangi yöntem kullanılırsa kullanılsın önemli olan doğruya en yakın isletme değerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalısmada bir isletme için örnek uygulamaya yer verilerek isletme değeri, değerleme yöntemlerinden net aktif değer, piyasa değeri – defter değeri, fiyat kazanç oranı, fiyat / nakit akım oranı kullanılarak hesaplanmıs ve bu yöntemlerin ortalaması alınarak isletme değerinin belirlenmesine çalısılmıstır. The global competing environment affects the firms' market value. In this process, when firms determine the growing strategies, they usually prefer the operation methods of joint ventures or public offering. In every case, business which faces the problem of evaluation, have to consider the aim of evaulation procedure, to set a firm value. In evaluation, lots of methods are used. Whichever methods is used, the important point is to determine the most realistic firm value. In this study, an application is set. In this application; firm value is computed by the methods of net asset value, market value, book value, price earnings ratio, cash flow ratio, the average score of sll these measures ar e taken in to consideration in calculations

Mechanical interfaces in machine tools

Machine tools involve various mechanical interfaces in different forms and styles, which affect performance significantly in terms of rigidity, thermal stability, precision, and accuracy. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and future trends in machine tool structural interfaces. The main concepts, challenges, and improvements regarding mechanical and thermal characteristics, geometric accuracy and precision, and wear and failure of machine tool interfaces are presented. Advanced methods for modeling static, dynamic, thermal, and geometrical behavior of mechanical interfaces are presented with examples. Furthermore, typical wear and failure mechanisms and available solutions and health monitoring techniques are covered