Milk composition characteristics of domestic yellow breed cows in the village herd

Turkiye is considered one of the most important gene centers in the world. Archaeological evidence and studies conducted to date show that cattle, sheep and goats were domesticated in Anatolia and its immediate surroundings. Since a detailed census based on the breeds and their characteristics of these species cannot be made today, no precise information can be obtained about the current status of the breeds. The skin color of the local yellow cows raised in the region was used, ranging from almost black brown and dirty yellow to red and cinnamon. It has been determined that they are small-bodied and have short horns. The rump is higher than the withers, and the back line is also seen to be straight. Horn color is dark black. The area around the eyes, sides of the face, neck, shoulder blades and shaped tip are darker. The tip of the nose is dark to black, and around the nose and mouth there is a slightly lighter-colored, sometimes off-white ring depending on the areas. The inner sides of the sections are light colored. Nail color is dark gray or black, close to black. The average dry matter of domestic yellow breed cattle was determined as 11.67, SNF 9.64, fat 2.15 and protein 3.53. However, it is understood that there is a significant deviation in the minimum and maximum values

P2: Image Analysis and Quantification of 3D Cancer Cell Migration

Metastatic tumors are known for their ability to migrate toward circulatory apparatus and detach from the primary tumor. Generally, metastasis is quantified in vitro using migration assays that are normally measured in two dimensions (2D). Threedimensional (3D) migration assays can better mimic cancers by providing similar microenvironments to those observed in vivo. Imaging 3D cell cultures requires multiple 2D images stacked along a Z-axis; however, imaged cells would be in-focus at varied z-positions at different time points due to the characteristics of cell migration. Our goal in this study was to analyze in-focus cell images and quantify cell migration in 3D in high throughput. Briefly, Hep3B human hepatoma cell line in alginate was printed on top of a layer of chemoattractants in a microwell chip and cultured over time to model hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquired cell images were analyzed using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to create a histogram of pixel brightness variation within an image. We selected a specific frequency range that would correspond to a sharp change in pixel brightness, a spheroid\u27s edge, while the rest was subtracted to delete out-of-focus cells. In-focus cell images were recreated by reverse FFT, and ImageJ macros have been used to calculate the brightness of each corrected image in our 3D culture. By correlating pixel brightness to cell number, it allowed us to calculate the average position of all the cells in our 3D culture, based on brightness and z-position of the cell image. By measuring the change in average position over time, we created a quantifiable method to measure cell migration in 3D.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2017/1054/thumbnail.jp

Süt Sığırlarında Besleme Stratejilerinin Süt Verimi ve Süt Kompozisyonu Üzerine Etkileri

In this study, feeding strategies which is one of the most important factors affecting milk yield and composition have been compiled and suggestions have been developed for dairy fram managers. Colostrum produced after the birth of dairy cattle is a sufficient nutritional source alone for strengthening the immune system of calves. After the first three days after the milk dry matter returns to normal milk levels and additional feeds are needed for healthy calve perfromences. Milk is an indispensable element of nutrition for people besides the feeding of calves. Therefore, herds are formed with high milk yield breeds and feeding manipulations, which are the most important factors affecting both milk yield and milk composition, need to be systematically regulated. Milk yield and composition ration roughage amount and quality, roughage / concentrate ratio, total mixture ration particle size, the amount and type of fat, protein source, carbohydrate source, such as many factors affect alone or interactively. The most affected milk components are milk fat and protein. The lactose and mineral content of milk are the most difficult milk components to be changed by feeding. There is a positive correlation between the milk components and the dry matter of the milk. The fat content of the milk increased with the addition of roughage and preserved fat used in the ration. The protein content of the milk, on the other hand, was increased by the addition of the protein source to the ration as resistant to rumen destruction or rumen degradable, considering the physiological status of the animal.Bu çalışmada süt verim ve kompozisyonunu etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden olan besleme stratejileri konulu çalışmalar derlenerek kullanıcılara öneriler geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Süt sığırlarında doğumu takiben üretilen kolostrum buzağıların bağışıklık sisteminin güçlenmesine ve buzağıların beslenmesinde tek başına yeterli bir besin kaynağıdır. İlk üç günden sonra süt kuru maddesinin normal seviyelere dönmesinden sonra ek yemlere ihtiyaç duyulur. Süt, buzağıların beslenmesi dışında insanlar için de beslenmenin vazgeçilmez unsurudur. Bu nedenle süt verimi yüksek ırklarla sürüler oluşturulmakta ve hem süt verimini hem de süt kompozisyonu etkileyen en önemli faktör olan besleme manipülasyonlarının sistematik olarak düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. Süt verimi ve kompozisyonunu rasyon kaba yem miktarı ve kalitesi, kaba/kesif yem oranı, toplam karışım rasyonun partikül büyüklüğü, rasyona ilave edilen yağların miktarı ve çeşidi, protein kaynağı, rasyonun karbonhidrat kaynağı gibi bir çok faktör tek başına veya ortak olarak etkilemektedir. Bu faktörlerden en çok etkilenen süt bileşenler ise süt yağ ve proteinidir. Sütün laktoz ve mineral madde içeriği ise besleme ile en zor değişebilen süt bileşenleridir. Süt bileşenleri ve sütün kuru maddesi arasında pozitif bir korelasyon söz konusudur. Sütün yağ içeriği rasyonda kullanılan kaba yem ve korunmuş yağ ilavesi ile arttığı görülmüştür. Sütün protein içeriği ise hayvanın fizyolojik durumu göz önüne alınarak, protein kaynağının rumende yıkıma dirençli veya rumende yıkılabilir olarak uygun şekilde rasyona ilavesi ile artış göstermiştir

Application of Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) Method for Predicting the Some Environmental Factors Affecting Weaning Weight of Awassi Lamb

In this study, the effects of some environmental factors on the weaning weights of Awassi lambs, raised within the scope of the Awassi sheep breed sub-project of the Sheep Breeding National Project in the Hands of the People Project under the coordination of the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, were investigated.For this purpose, estimation was made by the regression decision tree (CRT) method, which is one of the machine learning algorithms. In the study, the effects of age of dam, gender, birth type, and flock type (elite and base flock), which are thought to influence weaning weight in Awassi lambs, were considered independent variables, while weaning weight was considered as dependent variable. According to the regression tree estimations, the most effective environmental factor for the weaning weight of Awassi lambs was found to be the birth type. While the effective factor for singleton lambs was gender, it was determined that the important factor for male lambs was the type of flock. The age of dam was found to be effective on the weaning weights of the lambs in the base flock. The results of this study revealed that the effects of various environmental factors on the healthy, efficient use and reproduction of sheep and goats can be defined with decision trees. As a result, it was concluded that regression decision trees are an important method and can be recommended as an alternative to traditional regression approaches in sheep breeding studies with both visual and predictive explanatory structure

Farklı Maltlık Arpa Çeşitlerinin Besin Değerlerinin İn Vitro Gaz Üretim Tekniği Kullanılarak Tespiti

Bu çalışma, farklı maltlık arpa çeşitlerinin besin değerlerinin in vitro gaz üretim tekniği kullanılarak tespit edilmesi ve in vitro metan gazı üretimlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada 3 farklı maltlık arpa çeşidi Durusu, Atılır ve Fırat kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, maltlık arpa çeşitleri arasında kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), hemiselüloz (HES) ve nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF), sindirilebilir organik madde (SOM) içerikleri istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuş fakat ADF (asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif) ise istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Maltlık arpa çeşitlerinin gaz üretim miktarları 64,00 ile 72,50 ml/200 mg KM arasında değişmiştir. Metabolik enerji (ME) ve net enerji laktasyon (NEL) içerikleri ise sırasıyla 11,75-12,86 MJ/kg KM ve 7,16-7,98 MJ/kg KM arasında saptanmıştır. En yüksek metan (CH4) gazı üretimi 13,34 ml/200 mg KM ile Fırat çeşidinden elde edilirken; en düşük değer ise 12,16 ml/200 mg ile Atılır çeşidinden elde edilmiştir

Farklı Maltlık Arpa Çeşitlerinin Besin Değerlerinin In Vitro Gaz Üretim Tekniği Kullanılarak Tespiti

Bu çalışma, farklı maltlık arpa çeşitlerinin besin değerlerinin in vitro gaz üretim tekniği kullanılarak tespit edilmesi ve in vitro metan gazı üretimlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada 3 farklı maltlık arpa çeşidi Durusu, Atılır ve Fırat kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, maltlık arpa çeşitleri arasında kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), hemiselüloz (HES) ve nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF), sindirilebilir organik madde (SOM) içerikleri istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuş fakat ADF (asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif) ise istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Maltlık arpa çeşitlerinin gaz üretim miktarları 64,00 ile 72,50 ml/200 mg KM arasında değişmiştir. Metabolik enerji (ME) ve net enerji laktasyon (NEL) içerikleri ise sırasıyla 11,75-12,86 MJ/kg KM ve 7,16-7,98 MJ/kg KM arasında saptanmıştır. En yüksek metan (CH4) gazı üretimi 13,34 ml/200 mg KM ile Fırat çeşidinden elde edilirken; en düşük değer ise 12,16 ml/200 mg ile Atılır çeşidinden elde edilmiştir