Glutathione Peroxidase in Health and Diseases

The aim of this study is to give information to readers about the importance of glutathione peroxidase. The physiopathology of most diseases is not fully elucidated currently; however, in many epidemiological studies, there are limited studies indicating the relationship between low levels of glutathione peroxidase status and the rise of cancer risk in many types of cancer. Anytime, situations in case of the distortion due to imbalance between enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and oxidants which lost one of paired electrons in the atomic level mean reactive oxygen species (ROS) withal reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in favor of oxidants that are related to oxidative stress. The possible mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase have been reviewed using the major findings of more than 1000 papers related to the ROS, glutathione peroxidase, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of most diseases in both animal and human studies. Moreover, antioxidants have protective effects against nearly 50 disease pathogenesis. Oxidative stress, which occurs as an outcome of lipid peroxidation, concurrently may have a key importance in the phase of carcinogenesis occurring with a multistage course devoted to environmental toxicity and in cancer pathogenesis

The Relationship of Lean Body Mass with Vitamin D Level and Physical Performance

Objective:In this study, it was aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D level, physical performance and lean body mass (LBM).Materials and Methods:A hundred female patients with 35-50 age range were included in the study. Patients’ demographic variables, height and weight measurements were recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) samples were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to 25(OH)D levels; patients with low vitamin D levels (group 1) and normal vitamin D levels (group 2). Both groups’ LBM was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and physical performance was assessed by 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT).Results:Mean levels of 25(OH)D were found as 14.026±7.10 ng/mL in group 1 and 43.40±10.03 ng/mL in group 2. When the results of LBM were evaluated, the mean of group 1 was 35.48 (26.33-47.17) kg and the group 2 was 35.14 (29.23-53.65), and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to the mean of LBM (p=0.679). No statistically significant difference was determined in terms of 6-MWT (p=0.992). According to serum 25(OH)D level, group 1 was divided into three subgroups as follow; Group 1a: 25(OH)D<10 ng/dL, group 1b: 10.1≤ 25(OH)D≤ 20 ng/dL, and group 1c: 20.1≤25(OH)D≤29.9 ng/dL. When the three subgroups of group 1 (group 1a, 1b, and 1c) and group 2 compared, there was no statistically significant difference observed between the LBM and 6-MWT means (p=0.975; p=0.644).Conclusion:In this study, we could not determine a relationship between LBM and serum 25(OH)D level, and physical performance. In patients with same exclusion criteria, we believe that it is necessary the studies evaluating on the serum 25(OH)D levels along with genetic factors influencing the functions of vitamin D and also on the muscle quality along with muscle mass

İşitme Engelli Çocukların Okuma-Yazma Öğrenmelerine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri

Bu nitel araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de işitme engelli çocukların devam ettiği ilköğretim okullarındaki öğretmenlerin işitme engelli öğrencilerin okuma-yazma öğrenmeleri hakkındaki görüşleri ve önerilerinin belirlenmesidir. Sekiz öğretmenin katıldığı bu araştırmada veriler yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler araştırma soruları dikkate alınarak betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular sonucunda; işitme engelli çocukların okuma-yazmayı, normal gelişim gösteren çocukların geçtiği aşamalardan geçerek ancak bu aşamaları normal gelişim gösteren çocuklara göre daha geç sürede tamamlayarak öğrenebildikleri görüşü ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen bu bulgular, öğretmenlerin gelişimsel görüşü desteklediklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca öğretmenler, işitme engelli çocuklara okuma-yazma öğretiminde pek çok sorunla karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bu sorunların başında, okuma-yazma öğretiminde kullanılan araç-gereçlerin eksik ve yetersiz olması, öğrenciler arasında seviye farklılıklarının olması, okuma-yazma programının ve kitaplarının öğrencilerin düzeyine uygun olmaması, ailelerin okuma-yazma öğretiminde evde çocuklarını desteklememeleri, ailelerin çocuklarının engelini kabullenmemesi ve işitme engeli hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaması gelmektedir. Araştırma bulgularında öğretmenlerin okuma-yazma öğretiminde karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne yönelik pek çok öneri geliştirdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Öneriler arasında ailelere eğitim verilmesi, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın işitme engellilere uygun kitap ve program hazırlaması, üniversitelerin gerçeğe yakın ve uzun süreli uygulama eğitimi vermesi ve öğretmenlerin işitme engellilerin eğitimi hakkında sürekli bilgilendirilmesi yer almaktadır

İşitme Engelli Çocukların Okuma-Yazma Öğrenmelerine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri

Bu nitel araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de işitme engelli çocukların devam ettiği ilköğretim okullarındaki öğretmenlerin işitme engelli öğrencilerin okuma-yazma öğrenmeleri hakkındaki görüşleri ve önerilerinin belirlenmesidir. Sekiz öğretmenin katıldığı bu araştırmada veriler yarı- yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler araştırma soruları dikkate alınarak betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular sonucunda; işitme engelli çocukların okumayazmayı, normal gelişim gösteren çocukların geçtiği aşamalardan geçerek ancak bu aşamaları normal gelişim gösteren çocuklara göre daha geç sürede tamamlayarak öğrenebildikleri görüşü ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen bu bulgular, öğretmenlerin gelişimsel görüşü desteklediklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca öğretmenler, işitme engelli çocuklara okuma-yazma öğretiminde pek çok sorunla karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bu sorunların başında, okuma-yazma öğretiminde kullanılan araç-gereçlerin eksik ve yetersiz olması, öğrenciler arasında seviye farklılıklarının olması, okumayazma programının ve kitaplarının öğrencilerin düzeyine uygun olmaması, ailelerin okuma-yazma öğretiminde evde çocuklarını desteklememeleri, ailelerin çocuklarının engelini kabullenmemesi ve işitme engeli hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaması gelmektedir. Araştırma bulgularında öğretmenlerin okuma-yazma öğretiminde karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne yönelik pek çok öneri geliştirdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Öneriler arasında ailelere eğitim verilmesi, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın işitme engellilere uygun kitap ve program hazırlaması, üniversitelerin gerçeğe yakın ve uzun süreli uygulama eğitimi vermesi ve öğretmenlerin işitme engellilerin eğitimi hakkında sürekli bilgilendirilmesi yer almaktadı

Training Sigma-Pi neural networks with the grey wolf optimization algorithm

Artificial neural network models have been frequently used in time series forecasting problems as an alternative to many classical forecasting models. Although multi-layer perceptron neural networks are one of the most frequently used artificial neural networks in the literature, high-order neural networks using high-order combinations of inputs have superior performance compared to multi-layer perceptron artificial neural networks in recent years. Although there are many highorder artificial neural networks with different properties in the literature, one of the most important problems of these highorder artificial neural networks is to determine the optimization method to be used in the training of the network structure. Sigma-Pi artificial neural networks, one of the high-order artificial neural networks, have been used frequently in many problems in recent years. Like many artificial neural networks, the training of the Sigma-Pi neural network is one of the important factors affecting the performance of the network. In this study, the grey wolf optimization algorithm is used for the first time in the literature in the training of Sigma-Pi artificial neural networks. Thus, a training process that does not require complex derivative calculations in derivative-based algorithms is performed. In the evaluation of the performance of the proposed method, the closing prices of the FTSE and S&P 500 are analyzed for different years. According to the analysis results, the proposed method has a 60% success rate for both FTSE and S&P 500 time series. For the comparison of all methods, the mean rank calculation is made for each method. The proposed method took first place in this ranking and is determined as the best method among all methods

Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis Induced Acute Renal Failure As a Presentation of Coeliac Disease

Adult coeliac disease commonly presents without classical symptoms as chronic diarrhea and weight loss. We describe the case of a 31-year-old woman with persistent life-threatening hypokalemia, acute renal failure, and acute quadriplegia due to diarrhea that had continued for one month. Although there are cases of coeliac disease diagnosed with hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis in the literature, none of the cases developed acute renal failure. This is the first case in the literature diagnosed with acute renal failure due to hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis as a presentation of coeliac disease. In acute renal failure cases that present with hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis due to severe diarrhea, coeliac disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis despite the negative antigliadin IgA antibody

Nation-wide analysis of the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey

Ozkent, Mehmet Serkan/0000-0002-6613-0671; Mercimek, Mehmet Necmettin/0000-0002-0680-4451; karabay, emre/0000-0003-1654-8524; Sen, Volkan/0000-0003-2832-0682; Ceyhan, Erman/0000-0001-8223-6399; Irer, Bora/0000-0002-7719-9033; deger, dogan/0000-0002-5095-7770WOS: 000584084200001PubMed: 32996259Objective To present a nation-wide analysis of the workload of urology departments in Turkey week-by-week during Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology the centres participating in the study were divided into three groups as tertiary referral centres, state hospitals and private practice hospitals. the number of outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries were recorded prospectively between 9-March-2020 and 31-May-2020. All these variables were recorded for the same time interval of 2019 as well. the weekly change of the workload of urology during pandemic period was evaluated, also the workload of urology and the distributions of certain urological surgeries were compared between the pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019. Results A total of 51 centres participated in the study. the number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the 3rd week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centres; however, the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. When the workload of urology in pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019 were compared, a huge decrease was observed in all variables during pandemic period. However, temporary measures like ureteral stenting, nephrostomy placement and percutaneous cystostomy have been found to increase during Covid-19 pandemic compared with normal life. Conclusions Covid-19 pandemic significantly affected the routine daily urological practice likewise other subspecialties and priority was given to emergent and non-deferrable surgeries by urologists in concordance with published clinical guidelines