DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY: EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN REGIONS

Goal: The study aims to assess the level of development of the information society in the regions of Russia. The use of digital technology is gaining relevance in many areas and dramatically simplifies the life of a modern person. This has become the basis for the formation of the information society, in which information and digital technology contribute to the emergence of qualitatively novel socio-economic conditions of life. The study of the information society is carried out mainly with regard to each state, while the study of its formation and development in individual regions of the country remains less researched. In this connection, the present study attempts to examine the dynamics of the development of the information society in various regions of Russia. Methods: The study is based on the mathematical method of calculating normalized indicators, the calculation of integral scores, the ranking and comparative analysis of data, and the method of classification. The information society in the selected regions of Russia is examined in terms of the dynamics of change, the status of its individual aspects, and the overall level of development achieved. Results: The results of the assessment and comparative analysis lead to the following conclusions. The development of the information society in each region of Russia has its own specifics. It is extremely difficult to identify common universal trends or patterns of its development in different constituent entities of Russia. Conclusion: In this context, of particular relevance is the development of a regional, rather than national, digitalization policy. The main directions for a regional policy should be determined in accordance with the peculiarities of the dynamics of information society development in the specific socio-cultural and economic environment of the region. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider the key issues and overall state of the region's information society achieved to date compared to other territories

The Socio-Economic Analysis of Strategic Planning on the Development of Public-Private Partnership: the Experience of Russian Regions

The subject of the article is the item of what is the interrelation between such management frameworks as strategic planning and public-private partnership (PPP). Development of PPP seems relevant especially for particular regions of the country as such a concept allows the salvation of important socio-economic issues of territory and economizing budget resources at the same time. Aside from that, PPP might serve as a tool for stable region development. However, this requires carrying out a purposeful policy on developing public-private partnerships, which is going to be worked on and reflected in regional strategic plans. Within the framework of this deed based on specific Russian region experience, the research is taking place, how exactly perspectives of development and usage of PPP are reflected in strategy documents, and how this is being reflected on the development level of this economical concept. The basis of the study includes such methods as, compilation analysis of regional regulatory legal acts, score-based document-benchmarking study, and integral estimation of PPP development level in Russian Federation regions. The study results allowed estimation of Russian Federation regions experience, to highlight some issues obstructing PPP development, and to suppose a group of recommendations, and using them practically will allow for more accurate and complete securing perspectives of PPP development in regional strategic plans. Moreover, this in turn, will allow making PPP a more effective tool not for investments attraction only, but also for achieving stable development

СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ РОЖДАЕМОСТИ В ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The revealed structure of the time series analyzed indicator is selected cyclical and trend components. The simulation of one-dimensional timeseries taking into account the selected cyclesand variability. Comparative analysis of trends and variability of total fertility rate for selectedcycles. The identified factors and their estimated impact on the dynamics of the total fertility rateat the beginning of the ascending phase of cycle(2004-2012). Developed factor forecast andforecast univariate time series.В статье изложена методика проведения анализадинамикиипрогнозированияобщего коэффициентарождаемости в Оренбургской области. Спомощьюсовременногостатистического инструментария выявлена структура временного ряда анализируемого показателя - выделена циклическая и трендовая составляющие, проведено моделирование одномерноговременногорядасучетомвыделенных циклов и колеблемости. Дан сравнительныйанализтенденциидинамикииколеблемостиобщегокоэффициентарождаемости по выделенным циклам. Выявлены факторы и оценено их влияние на динамику общего коэффициента рождаемости в начавшейся восходящей фазе цикла (2004-2012 годы).Разработан факторный прогноз и прогноз по одномерному временному ряду

Eschar-associated Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis, Bahia, Brazil

In Brazil, Brazilian spotted fever was once considered the only tick-borne rickettsial disease. We report eschar-associated rickettsial disease that occurred after a tick bite. The etiologic agent is most related to Rickettsia parkeri, R. africae, and R. sibirica and probably widely distributed from São Paulo to Bahia in the Atlantic Forest

The recombinant fusion protein CFP10–ESAT6–dIFN has protective effect against tuberculosis in guinea pigs

Development of effective vaccine candidates against tuberculosis (TB) is currently the most important challenge in the prevention of this disease since the BCG vaccine fails to guarantee a lifelong protection, while any other approved vaccine with better efficiency is still absent. The protective effect of the recombinant fusion protein CFP10–ESAT6–dIFN produced in a prokaryotic expression system (Escherichia coli) has been assessed in a guinea pig model of acute TB. The tested antigen comprises the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins ESAT6 and CFP10 as well as modified human γ-interferon (dIFN) for boosting the immune response. Double intradermal immunization of guinea pigs with the tested fusion protein (2 × 0.5 µg) induces a protective effect against subsequent Mtb infection. The immunized guinea pigs do not develop the symptoms of acute TB and their body weight gain was five times more as compared with the non-immunized infected guinea pigs. The animal group immunized with this dose of antigen displays the minimum morphological changes in the internal organs and insignificant inflammatory lesions in the liver tissue, which complies with a decrease in the bacterial load in the spleen and average Mtb counts in macrophages

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS AND FORECASTING FERTILITY IN THE ORENBURG REGION

The revealed structure of the time series analyzed indicator is selected cyclical and trend components. The simulation of one-dimensional timeseries taking into account the selected cyclesand variability. Comparative analysis of trends and variability of total fertility rate for selectedcycles. The identified factors and their estimated impact on the dynamics of the total fertility rateat the beginning of the ascending phase of cycle(2004-2012). Developed factor forecast andforecast univariate time series

Analysis of Echovirus 30 Isolates from Russia and New Independent States Revealing Frequent Recombination and Reemergence of Ancient Lineages▿

We studied two genome regions, VP1 and 3D, of 48 echovirus 30 (E30) isolates from Russia and the new independent states. In VP1, most isolates were similar to European strains reported earlier, and frequent change of circulating subgroups was noticed. We also observed, in 2003-2006, the reemergence of a group of E30 strains with a VP1 region very distant from most modern E30 strains and remotely similar to E30 isolates from the 1960s and the 1970s. A study of the 3D genome region detected multiple recombination events among the studied strains. Recombination presumably occurred every few years, and therefore, the study of a single VP1 genome region cannot accurately describe the phylogenetic history of the virus or predict pathogenetic properties of an isolate. In general, a comparison of the VP1 and 3D genome region phylogenies revealed, in some instances, virtually independent circulation of enterovirus genome fragments on a scale of years

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Load in Host Cells and the Antibacterial Activity of Alveolar Macrophages Are Linked and Differentially Regulated in Various Lung Lesions of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection with the formation of a broad range of abnormal lung lesions within a single patient. Although host–pathogen interactions determine disease outcome, they are poorly understood within individual lesions at different stages of maturation. We compared Mtb load in a tuberculoma wall and the lung tissue distant from tuberculomas in TB patients. These data were combined with an analysis of activation and bactericidal statuses of alveolar macrophages and other cell subtypes examined both in ex vivo culture and on the histological sections obtained from the same lung lesions. The expression of pattern recognition receptors CD14, CD11b, and TLR-2, transcription factors HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and NF-κB p50 and p65, enzymes iNOS and COX-2, reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis, and lipid production were detected for various lung lesions, with individual Mtb loads in them. The walls of tuberculomas with insufficient inflammation and excessive fibrosis were identified as being the main niche for Mtb survival (single or as colonies) in non-foamy alveolar macrophages among various lung lesions examined. The identification of factors engaged in the control of Mtb infection and tissue pathology in local lung microenvironments, where host–pathogen relationships take place, is critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies

Genomic Analysis of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Strains in Stool Specimens by Combination of Full-Length PCR and Oligonucleotide Microarray Hybridization

Sabin strains of poliovirus used in the manufacture of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are prone to genetic variations that occur during growth in cell cultures and the organisms of vaccine recipients. Such derivative viruses often have increased neurovirulence and transmissibility, and in some cases they can reestablish chains of transmission in human populations. Monitoring for vaccine-derived polioviruses is an important part of the worldwide campaign to eradicate poliomyelitis. Analysis of vaccine-derived polioviruses requires, as a first step, their isolation in cell cultures, which takes significant time and may yield viral stocks that are not fully representative of the strains present in the original sample. Here we demonstrate that full-length viral cDNA can be PCR amplified directly from stool samples and immediately subjected to genomic analysis by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization and nucleotide sequencing. Most fecal samples from healthy children who received OPV were found to contain variants of Sabin vaccine viruses. Sequence changes in the 5′ untranslated region were common, as were changes in the VP1-coding region, including changes in a major antigenic site. Analysis of stool samples taken from cases of acute flaccid paralysis revealed the presence of mixtures of recombinant polioviruses, in addition to the emergence of new sequence variants. Avoiding the need for cell culture isolation dramatically shortened the time needed for identification and analysis of vaccine-derived polioviruses and could be useful for preliminary screening of clinical samples. The amplified full-length viral cDNA can be archived and used to recover live virus for further virological studies