Fast Moving Consumer Goods: Competitive Conditions and Policies

Fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) constitute a large part of consumers' budget in all countries. The retail sector for FMCGs in Turkey is in the process of a drastic transformation. New, "modern" retail formats, like chain stores and hyper/supermarkets, have rapidly diffused in almost all major urban areas, and increased their market share at the expense of traditional formats (grocery shops, green groceries, etc.) in the last couple of decades. This rapid transformation has raised concerns about competitive conditions in the sector. This study is aimed at to shed light on competitive conditions prevailing in the FMCGs retail trade sector in Turkey. We analyze how the structure of the market is being transformed in recent years by new retail formats. The study is focused on the analysis of competitive dynamics (inter-firm rivalry, pricing and non-price policies, barriers to entry, regulatory conditions, etc.) within the sector, and draws lessons for competition policy.FMCG, competition policy, Turkey

The stress system generated by an electromagnetic field in a suspension of drops

The stress generated in a suspension of drops in the presence of a uniform electric field and a pure straining motion, taking into account that the magnetohydrodynamic effects are dominant was calculated. It was found that the stress generated in the suspension depended on the direction of the applied electric field, the dielectric constants, the vicosity coefficients, the conductivities, and the permeabilities of fluids inside and outside the drops. The expression of the particle stress shows that for fluids which are good conductors and poor dielectrics, especially for larger drops, magnetohydrodynamic effects end to reduce the dependence on the direction of the applied electric field

Crack problems for bonded nonhomogeneous materials under antiplane shear loading

The singular nature of the crack tip stress field in a nonhomogeneous medium having a shear modulus with a discontinuous derivative was investigated. The problem is considered for the simplest possible loading and geometry, namely the antiplane shear loading of two bonded half spaces in which the crack is perpendicular to the interface. It is shown that the square-root singularity of the crack tip stress field is unaffected by the discontinuity in the derivative of the shear modulus. The problem is solved for a finite crack and extensive results are given for the stress intensity factors

Statistical Approaches in GIS-Based Techniques for Sustainable Planning: Kayaçukuru Case

The purpose of this study is to make both a summary and additional descriptive and inferential statistical analyses for a completed thesis on "Sustainable/Environment Friendly Development Planning of Fethiye-Kayaçukuru Using GIS-Based Techniques" (M.Sc. in the Graduate School of Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies, Middle East Technical University, Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Oğuz Işık, September 2000, 214 pages). The statistical analyses explained in this paper comprise a part of the whole GIS-based techniques developed for a case study about Fethiye-Kayaçukuru Plain to explore the contributions of such an approach. In this respect, first, the study area, spatial and non-spatial data and the way they are handled are introduced. Then, the performed statistical descriptive and predictive analyses/models and their interpretations in the developed "loose-coupled" "decision/planning support system" are mentioned. Finally, the concluding remarks of the study are discussed emphasising the contributions of this approach in the sustainable/environment friendly development planning and in particular for the Plain. Keywords: Sustainable/environment friendly development, decision/planning support system, non-spatial and spatial statistical analyses, statistical testing, modelling.

Crack problems for bonded nonhomogeneous materials under antiplane shear loading

The singular nature of the crack tip stress field in a nonhomogeneous medium with a shear modulus with a discontinuous derivative was investigated. The simplest possible loading and geometry, the antiplane shear loading of two bonded half spaces in which the crack is perpendicular to the interface is considered. It is shown that the square root singularity of the crack tip stress field is unaffected by the discontinuity in the derivative of the shear modulus. The problem is solved for a finite crack and results for the stress intensity factors are presented

Diversities Between the Regulations of Turkish Accounting Standard Setters: A Brief History of Turkiye’s Twentieth Century Accounting Standardization Applications

This study examines the evolution of Turkish accounting standards to ascertain the extent of differences in Turkiye’s accounting practices among the different governmental Standard setter’s regulations during the twentieth century. The research results show that the accounting standards had set by the public corporates own self as parallel to economic policies of Turkish Ministry of Finance and money policies of Central Bank of the Republic of Turkiye before the establishment of Turkish Accounting and Auditing Standards Board in 1994. On the other hand in the last two decades of twentieth century the specific standards had set by the Ministry of Finance for tax reporting companies and Capital Markets Board of Turkiye for financial reporting companies have the significant differences.Standardization; Accounting in Turkiye