2003 - 2006 YILLARI ARASINDA YAPILAN ORTA ÖGRETİM KURUMLARINA ÖGRENCİ SEÇME SINAVI'NDA YER ALAN TARİH BİLİMİ SORULARININ BLOOM TAKSONOMİSİNE GÖRE DEGERLENDİRİLMESİ

Günümüzde egitim sistemimizde temel amaç mevcut bilgileri aktarmaktan çok, bilgiye ulasma becerilerini kazandırmak olmustur. Bu da üst düzey zihinsel süreç becerileri ile olur. Yani, ezberden çok kavrayarak ögrenme, karsılasılan yeni durumlarla ilgili problemleri çözebilme ve bilimsel yöntem süreci ile ilgili becerileri gerektirir. 1998 yılından itibaren liselere giris sınavlarında da üst düzey zihinsel süreç becerilerini ölçmeye yönelik sorular hazırlanmaya baslanmıstır. Bu arastırmanın amacı 2003- 2006 yılları arasında yapılmıs olan OKS' de yer alan tarih bilimi sorularının Bloom taksonomisine göre degerlendirmesini yapmak ve istatistiki verilerle sorularla incelemektir. Arastırmada 2003- 2006 yılları arasında uygulanmıs olan toplam 40 tarih bilimi sorusu tespit edilerek madde analizleri ve Bloom taksonomisine göre degerlendirmeleri yapılmıstır. Soruların sınıf, konu ve ünitelere göre dagılımları tespit edilmistir. Arastırmanın sonucunda, soruların daha çok kavrama basamagında oldugu tespit edilmistir. Analiz basamagında daha az soru bulunurken sentez ve degerlendirme basamaklarında sorulara yer verilmedigi görülmüstür. Soruların sınıf düzeyleri, ünite ve konu dagılımlarında esitsizliklerin oldugu tespit edilmistir. Yıllara göre ortalama güçlük ve ayırt edicilik indekslerinin dagılımlarının birbirine yakın oldugu görülmüstür. Sonuç olarak soruların ünite ve konu dagılımlarının orantılı olmasına dikkat edilmelidir. Testin bilissel alanı her düzeyde ölçen sorularla olusturulması amaç edinilmelidir. Özellikle olumsuz soru kökü tipinde hazırlanan sorularda ifadelerin daha açık ve net olmasına özen gösterilmelidir. Egitim ögretim sistemi içerisinde ögrencilerimizden daha fazla verim elde etmek için okullarımızda uygulanan test sorularının da bilgiden çok kavrama, analiz, sentez ve degerlendirme basamagında olmasına dikkat edilmelidir.The main purpose of our education system is to equip the students with information skills rather than to deliver them informatiom. This can be achieved through upper mental process skills. That requires skills of scientific methods solving the encountered problems and comprehension rather than memorisation. Since 1998, for the high school exams it has been prepared questions aimed at measuring upper mental process skills. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the questions that asked between 2003-2006 of Secondary Education İnstitution Exams (OKS) by using Bloom's Taxonomy and statistical data. During the research, 40 history questions were selected, asked between 2003- 2006 OKS, and their item analysis and evaluations were conducted as to the Bloom's taxonomy. The questions were classified according to their class, subject and frequency as to the units. In the research, it has been observed that the questions were at the level of comprehension. A few questions were at the level of analysis and no question was at the level of synthesis. It was also observed that there has been inequalities of questions on class levels, unit and subject distrubitions. As to the years the average difficulty and distributional differention indexes were close to each other. As a result, the distribution ratio of units and subjects should be taken into account. The questions in the test should be prepared so as to measure cognitive field and every level. Negative rooted questions should be more clear and comprehensible. In order to get more efficiency from the students the questions should test comprehension, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation level of the students rather than information

The expression of survivin and Ki-67 in meningiomas: Correlation with grade and clinical outcome

PubMedID: 15072469Identification of proteins involving in the control of proliferation in normal cells may lead to a better understanding of cellular transformation and proliferation mechanisms. Measurement of proliferative activity may help determine the tumor grade, recurrence and malignancy. Forty meningiomas of various histological grade, diagnosed in Baskent University and Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Departments of Pathology, were graded according to WHO grading system and survivin and Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies were administered by immunohistochemical method. Findings were analyzed with statistical methods; distribution of survivin expression and Ki-67 LI values were determined for different grade meningiomas. The correlation between increasing grades of meningiomas, particularly between grades I and III, survivin and Ki-67 LI values was statistically significant. In addition, we have found a positive correlation between clinical outcome, survivin and Ki-67 LI. For over expression of survivin in some of the grade I meningiomas and no or mild expression in some of the grades II and III meningiomas, however, it has been suggested that apoptosis inhibited by survivin is not the only factor responsible for progression of meningiomas. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers

Investigation of neodymium rare earth element doping in spray-coated zinc oxide thin films

Erdogan, Erman/0000-0003-2566-3284WOS:000604333400003In recent years, ZnO films are among the preferred transparent conductive oxides because of their advantageous properties such as being nontoxic, low cost and abundant in nature. In this study, undoped and Nd doped ZnO films were produced on microscope glass substrates with the spray pyrolysis technique, which is an economical and easily applicable method, at a substrate temperature of 380 degrees C. From the X-ray diffraction patterns, the crystal structures of all films have a preferential orientation (002). It is observed from the XRD peak intensities that the ZnO film with a 3% Nd doping has a (100) preferential orientation. The increase in Nd dopant concentration is the reason for changing the preferred direction of the grains completely. The average particle sizes of the films were calculated using Scherrer and Williamson-Hall method. It was determined that the film with 2% Nd doped crystallized better than other films and the largest particle size belongs to this film. The transmittance spectra of Nd doped ZnO films were taken using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optical transmittance spectrum of the films shows that in the visible region, all films have a value of over 90%. Optical band gap values were calculated using these spectra. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the optical band value of the ZnO film decreased first with the Nd contribution, and started to increase when the amount of dopant increased. The surface morphology of the films was analyzed by optical profilometer and surface roughness values were determined. It indicates that the films grown on the glass substrate, as observed in the XRD analysis of the films, consist of nanoscale particles. It has been observed that the surface roughness of the films varies with the increasing amount of Nd. To investigate the surface conditions of the films, the scanned electron microscopy (SEM) images of the obtained films were taken. From the SEM images, it was observed that the surfaces of the films were similar to each other, were nonporous and homogeneous. With this study, the effect of Nd doping on structural, optical and superficial properties of ZnO films was investigated and it was determined that Nd doping of ZnO films were suitable materials for optoelectronic applications

Synthesis, characterization, optical, morphological, and antioxidant properties of oligo(2-ethoxy-6-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol) obtained by oxidative polycondensation

Erdogan, Erman/0000-0003-2566-3284WOS:000604454200002A newly designed oligo-Schiff-base was prepared and characterized to investigate its optical and morphological response and antioxidant activity. We first clarified the synthesis of 2-ethoxy-6-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (EHPIMP) from the condensation reaction of 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol. The subsequent oxidative polycondensation process yielded the target oligo(2-ethoxy-6-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)-methyl)phenol), oligo (EHPIMP). The structural elucidation of oligo (EHPIMP) was performed by H-1, C-13 NMR, TGA, FTIR and GPC systems. The optical properties of the EHPIMP and the oligo (EHPIMP)'s thin films were compared mainly with UV-Vis spectroscopy. Corresponding band gap (E-g) values of the EHPIMP and the oligo (EHPIMP) films were obtained as 2.224 and 1.404 eV, respectively. 2D and 3D surface images of films were analyzed with atomic force microscopy. In the AFM results, the surface roughness values and the average roughness were attained to be 8.28 nm and 46.63 nm for EHPIMP and the oligo (EHPIMP)'s thin films, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities were investigated using in vitro FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS methods. The obtained data demonstrated that EHPIMP and oligo (EHPIMP) had effective reducing antioxidant potentials and radical scavenging activities

Pitfalls in diagnosis of Intraoperative squash cytology of central nervous system lesions: Analysis of 545 cases from a single center

OBJECTIV

Pituitary adenomas: a series of 270 cases

17th International Congress of Neuropathology (ICN 2010) -- SEP 11-15, 2010 -- Salzburg, AUSTRIAWOS: 000281798100218

Malignant meningioma of the lateral ventricle. Case report.

PubMedID: 15344901This 65-year-old man presented with a very rare malignant meningioma in the trigonum of the right lateral ventricle. Neurological examination showed bilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid, enhancing tumor in the right trigonum with a hypointense cystic component located in the center of the tumor. The lesion was totally resected via a superior parietooccipital transcortical approach. Histological examination showed an anaplastic (malignant) meningioma with architectural disarray, high mitotic activity (20/10 hpf), necrosis, and cytological atypism. As in our case, heterogeneous signal, due to necrotic tissue and frequently demonstrated on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences, is suggestive of an aggressive type of meningioma

Intraventricular meningiomas

WOS: 000223495900004Intraventricular meningiomas are rare tumors, comprising only 0.5% to 5% of all intracranial meningiomas. In this article, 8 cases of histopathologically proven intraventricular meningioma that were treated at the Qukurova University Neurosurgery Department are discussed. The radiologic, histologic, and clinical findings of intraventricular meningiomas and the surgical approach to lateral intraventricular meningiomas were reviewed retrospectively. Our 8 patients ranged in age from 18 to 65 years (mean = 44.6 years). Two patients were male and 6 were female, for a 1:3 male-to-female ratio. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the 7 tumors within the lateral ventricle and only 1 tumor within the third ventricle. All lateral ventricular tumors were located in the region of the trigone. Headache and hemiparesis were the most common presenting symptoms. Histologic studies revealed meningo-theliomatous meningiomas in 5 patients, transitional meningioma in 2 patients, and anaplastic (malignant) meningioma in 1 patient. The superior parieto-occipital approach in 5 patients, posterior middle temporal gyrus approach in 2 patients, and posterior transcallosal approach in 1 patient were used for surgical therapy, and total resection was achieved in all patients. The overall neurologic outcome at follow-up (mean follow-up = 12 months, range: 1 month to 5 years) was excellent (no deficit) in 4 patients, good (some deficit but independent) in 2 patients, and poor (dependent) in 1 patient. One patient died after surgery. We conclude that intraventricular meningiomas are curable by complete surgical resection. This is possible with little neurologic morbidity when the neurosurgeon understands the surgical approaches available and the indications for those approaches

Intraventricular meningiomas: A review of the literature and report of 8 cases

Intraventricular meningiomas are rare tumors, comprising only 0.5% to 5% of all intracranial meningiomas. In this article, 8 cases of histopathologically proven intraventricular meningioma that were treated at the Çukurova University Neurosurgery Department are discussed. The radiologic, histologic, and clinical findings of intraventricular meningiomas and the surgical approach to lateral intraventricular meningiomas were reviewed retrospectively. Our 8 patients ranged in age from 18 to 65 years (mean = 44.6 years). Two patients were male and 6 were female, for a 1:3 male-to-female ratio. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the 7 tumors within the lateral ventricle and only 1 tumor within the third ventricle. All lateral ventricular tumors were located in the region of the trigone. Headache and hemiparesis were the most common presenting symptoms. Histologic studies revealed meningotheliomatous meningiomas in 5 patients, transitional meningioma in 2 patients, and anaplastic (malignant) meningioma in 1 patient. The superior parieto-occipital approach in 5 patients, posterior middle temporal gyrus approach in 2 patients, and posterior transcallosal approach in 1 patient were used for surgical therapy, and total resection was achieved in all patients. The overall neurologic outcome at follow-up (mean follow-up = 12 months, range: 1 month to 5 years) was excellent (no deficit) in 4 patients, good (some deficit but independent) in 2 patients, and poor (dependent) in 1 patient. One patient died after surgery. We conclude that intraventricular meningiomas are curable by complete surgical resection. This is possible with little neurologic morbidity when the neurosurgeon understands the surgical approaches available and the indications for those approaches

Congenital intracranial immature teratoma of the lateral ventricle: A case report and review of the literature

PubMedID: 15829159Objective: Congenital intracranial tumors are very rare and only account for 0.5-7.5% of all childhood brain tumors. The most common type of these tumors present at birth is teratomas, which represent 0.5% of all intracranial tumors. Most teratomas are midline tumors located predominantly in the sellar and pineal regions. In this study, we report a neonatal intracranial immature teratoma at the lateral ventricle because of its rare location. Case Report: A 3-day-old female neonate presented with a history of irritability, vomiting, and recurrent generalized clonic seizures since birth. A head computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a large tumor filling the right lateral ventricle and extending into the ipsilateral posterior fossa. With right parieto-occipital craniotomy, large grayish-white lobulated vascular mass was encountered and total removal of tumor was performed. Histological examination revealed the diagnosis of immature teratoma. Conclusion: The prognosis of congenital intracranial immature teratoma is usually poor because the lesions are extensive when they are identified. Prenatal ultrasonography is necessary for the prenatal diagnosis. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging should be made for the evaluation of intracranial tumor. If the tumor is detected before the 24 week of gestation, termination of the pregnancy should be considered