Parental Attitude and Teacher Behaviours in Predicting School Bullying

The main goal of this research is to present the relationship between “parental attitude and teacher behaviors in predicting school bullying”. The population of this research is consisted of all primary school 4th grade students within İstanbul Küçükçekmece Municipality borders. Data were gathered from lower, mid and upper socio-economic level schools (2 schools on each level, 6 schools in total.) 702 volunteer students constitute the sample of this research. 363 (52%) of these students are female students and 338 (48%) of the students are male students. Tendency for Bullying Scale, Parental Attitude Scale, Perceived Teacher Behavior Scale and an information form which was developed by the researcher were used in collecting data. T-test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis were used in data analysis. Female students who do not attend cultural activities and who have low success levels have a higher bullying tendency. As students’ ages increase, bullying tendency increases, too. Authoritarian behaviors of teachers, mothers and fathers (respectively) are the main predictors of bullying. Students who cannot have emotional sharing, who like to use force and who reflect negatively about events have a higher bullying tendency. Positive attitudes of teachers especially and their efforts to develop empathy skills in students are thought to be important in decreasing school bullying

An investigation into the structural, electronic, and non-linear optical properties in C-N (N=20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38) fullerene cages

The present study attempts to investigate the structural, electronic, and non-linear optical properties of C-N (N = 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38) fullerene cages based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). In the DFT calculations, the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and CAM-B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) level of theories were used. The isomers of each fullerene have been received from the Fullerene Structure Library. These isomers have optimized using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). The results included optimization of the neutral and ionic state structures according to their multiplicity. Geometries, optimization energies, relative energies, frequencies, HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO-LUMO gap of these stable fullerene cages have been predicted by B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). Afterwards, the most stable structures have been re-optimized using the CAM-B3LYP /6-311 + + G(d,p). Finally, non-linear optical properties, Fukui functions, density of state, electron affinity, and ionization potential values of the most stable fullerene cages have been found out by the DFT/ CAM-B3LYP /6-311 + + G(d,p) level of theory. All calculation results have been compared with both C60 fullerene and the relevant literature on corresponding fullerenes

Az adóamnesztia magatartási vonatkozásai és hatása tizenkét ország vizsgálatán keresztül

A jelen tanulmány az adóamnesztia elméleti és empirikus kutatásáról nyújt áttekintést a vonatkozó előnyök és hátrányok mérlegelésével. Kutatásunkban arra keressük a választ, hogy az adóamnesztia közép- és hosszú távon ösztönzi-e az adózási fegyelmet az egyes tanulmányok megállapításaival összhangban, vagy igazságtalan és romboló hatása miatt inkább gátolja az adófegyelem kialakulását. Tanulmányunkban tizenkét országra vonatkozóan – elsősorban Törökországra fókuszálva – vizsgáljuk az adóamnesztia-programok adóbevétel/GDP arányra gyakorolt hatásának elérhető adatait a Giniegyüttható értékeivel együtt. A tanulmány célja az adóamnesztiával szembeni – mind az adóbevétel, mind az adóigazságosság szempontjából – kedvezőbb alternatívák azonosítása. A kutatás eredményei azt mutatják, hogy míg az adóamnesztia rövid távú bevételi hatása bizonytalan, az adóigazságosságra és jövedelemelosztásra gyakorolt negatív hatása közép- és hosszú távon szinte bizonyosnak mondható. A kutatás arra is rámutat, hogy az adóamnesztiák hátterében többnyire aligha az adóbevétel növelésének legfőbb szándéka áll

Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterizations, antimicrobial activities, and DFT studies on some pyridine derived Schiff base

This study reports a joint experimental, theoretical and microbiological investigation on the (E)-N,N-dimethyl-4-((pyridine-2-ylmethylene)amino)aniline (5), (E)-N,N-dimethyl-4-((pyridine-4-ylmethylene)amino)aniline (6) and (E)-N,N-dimethyl-4-((pyridine-3-ylmethylene)amino)aniline (7). These compounds were synthesized with microwave method and their structures characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis tecniques. In the theoretical studies, torsional barriers analysis, ground state structure, Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FT-IR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra (NMR) of 5, 6, and, 7 were calculated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations. The conformers obtained from the torsional barrier scanning were optimized by B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The harmonic vibrational frequencies, potential energy distribution (PED), infrared intensities, and NMR chemical shifts of the most stable conformers were determined using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). Theoretically, predicted spectral data were compared with experimental results. Antimicrobial studies of the synthesized compounds were performed against various microbial strains. Antimicrobial activities of 5, 6, and, 7 were tested against selected bacteria and yeast through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and diffusion method. Compound 7 was found to be the most active against bacteria and yeast, while compound 5 was found to be moderately active. Compounds 6 (against S. aureus and C. albicans) and, 7 were found to have a very high minimum inhibitory concentration, ranging between 1.95 and 7.81 g/mL (against P. aeruginosa and E. coli). Compounds (6 and 7) showed zone of inhibition values in the range of 10–20 mm against other bacteria except L. monocytogenes and S. thyphimurium. © 2022 Elsevier B.V

Two new records of leaf pathogenic fungi in Turkey

Abstract Rhytisma salicinum, a parasitic species on Salix caprea and Salix cinerea, and Septogloeum thomasianum, a parasitic species on Euonymus latifolius subsp. cauconis, are recorded for the first time from Turkey

Microencapsulation of Phenolic Extracts from Cocoa Shells to Enrich Chocolate Bars

Cocoa bean shells were subjected to green extraction technologies, based on the absence of toxic organic solvents, to recover polyphenols; the extract was then encapsulated using a spray dryer and maltodextrin as coating agent. The best conditions observed in the spray drying tests (core-to-coating ratio 1:5; inlet temperature 150 °C; flow rate 6 ml min-1) were applied to produce the microcapsules used to enrich the same cocoa mass as the shells and processed for the preparation of the chocolate bars. Sensory analysis showed no significant differences between enriched chocolate bar and the unenriched reference one, except for the appearance. Both samples were then subjected to accelerated storage tests, at the end of which the polyphenols in the control chocolate bar (0.85 g 100 g-1) were reduced by about 50% (0.42 g 100 g-1), while in the enriched chocolate (1.17 g 100 g-1) by only 22% (0.97 g 100 g-1). The proposed process significantly enriched the chocolate bars with phenolic antioxidants recovered from cocoa waste without increasing the sensations of bitterness and astringency

A dynamic portal for a community-driven, continuously updated classification of Fungi and fungus-like organisms: outlineoffungi.org

The website http://outlineoffungi.org, is launched to provide a continuous up-to-date classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi) and fungus-like taxa. This is based on recent publications and on the outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa published recently (Mycosphere 11, 1060-1456, Doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8). The website is continuously updated according to latest classification schemes, and will present an important platform for researchers, industries, government officials and other users. Users can provide input about missing genera, new genera, and new data. They will also have the opportunity to express their opinions on classifications with notes published in the 'Notes' section of the webpage following review and editing by the curators and independent experts. The website will provide a system to stay abreast of the continuous changes in fungal classification and provide a general consensus on the systematics of fungi

Scale-dependent Galaxy Bias

We present a simple heuristic model to demonstrate how feedback related to the galaxy formation process can result in a scale-dependent bias of mass versus light, even on very large scales. The model invokes the idea that galaxies form initially in locations determined by the local density field, but the subsequent formation of galaxies is also influenced by the presence of nearby galaxies that have already formed. The form of bias that results possesses some features that are usually described in terms of stochastic effects, but our model is entirely deterministic once the density field is specified. Features in the large-scale galaxy power spectrum (such as wiggles that might in an extreme case mimic the effect of baryons on the primordial transfer function) could, at least in principle, arise from spatial modulations of the galaxy formation process that arise naturally in our model. We also show how this fully deterministic model gives rise to apparently stochasticity in the galaxy distribution.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected, discussion added and references corrected; matches version accepted by JCA

"Dark energy" in the Local Void

The unexpected discovery of the accelerated cosmic expansion in 1998 has filled the Universe with the embarrassing presence of an unidentified "dark energy", or cosmological constant, devoid of any physical meaning. While this standard cosmology seems to work well at the global level, improved knowledge of the kinematics and other properties of our extragalactic neighborhood indicates the need for a better theory. We investigate whether the recently suggested repulsive-gravity scenario can account for some of the features that are unexplained by the standard model. Through simple dynamical considerations, we find that the Local Void could host an amount of antimatter ($\sim5\times10^{15}\,M_\odot$) roughly equivalent to the mass of a typical supercluster, thus restoring the matter-antimatter symmetry. The antigravity field produced by this "dark repulsor" can explain the anomalous motion of the Local Sheet away from the Local Void, as well as several other properties of nearby galaxies that seem to require void evacuation and structure formation much faster than expected from the standard model. At the global cosmological level, gravitational repulsion from antimatter hidden in voids can provide more than enough potential energy to drive both the cosmic expansion and its acceleration, with no need for an initial "explosion" and dark energy. Moreover, the discrete distribution of these dark repulsors, in contrast to the uniformly permeating dark energy, can also explain dark flows and other recently observed excessive inhomogeneities and anisotropies of the Universe.Comment: 6 pages, accepted as a Letter to the Editor by Astrophysics and Space Scienc

The cosmic web for density perturbations of various scales

We follow the evolution of galaxy systems in numerical simulation. Our goal is to understand the role of density perturbations of various scales in the formation and evolution of the cosmic web. We perform numerical simulations with the full power spectrum of perturbations, and with spectrum cut at long wavelengths. Additionally, we have one model, where we cut the intermediate waves. We analyze the density field and study the void sizes and density field clusters in different models. Our analysis shows that the fine structure (groups and clusters of galaxies) is created by small-scale density perturbations of scale $\leq 8$ \Mpc. Filaments of galaxies and clusters are created by perturbations of intermediate scale from $\sim 8$ to $\sim 32$ \Mpc, superclusters of galaxies by larger perturbations. We conclude that the scale of the pattern of the cosmic web is determined by density perturbations of scale up to $\sim 100$ \Mpc. Larger perturbations do not change the pattern of the web, but modulate the richness of galaxy systems, and make voids emptier. The stop of the increase of the scale of the pattern of the cosmic web with increasing scale of density perturbations can probably be explained as the freezing of the web at redshift $z\simeq 0.7$.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic