“You have fixed my life- however short”- Wilfred Owen’s Homosexuality in His Poetry and Prose

Famed World War One poet Wilfred Owen is perhaps best known for his poems that provide insight into the minds of men who suffered from PTSD, or “shell shock” caused by fighting in the Great War. Owen, along with being an incredible poet, was likely a gay man, but many critics have glossed over these unproven aspects of his history for myriad reasons. While the sexuality of Wilfred Owen cannot be posthumously confirmed, the evidence pointing away from heterosexuality cannot be ignored. Several of his poems support this idea, namely a few unfinished snippets from his youth and “Greater Love,” a World War One poem with vivid homoerotic imagery. His sexuality also bleeds through many letters of his, most of them written to his probable lover Siegfried Sassoon. Owen died tragically young leaving critics with little writing and life experience to extrapolate from. However, his relationships and writings make it clear that his feelings toward his fellow soldiers surpassed camaraderie

“Not There as Strangers or Silent Spectators”:

What is Holy Thursday with no Eucharist to break and share? What is the sign of peace with no physical embrace? What is a Catholic, Sunday service without a priest, deacon, or consecrated hosts? Six months ago, these were hypothetical questions reserved for academics, for sacramental and liturgical theologians. In March, these became the questions of every Catholic who could no longer inhabit the pews of their church. Many churches quickly adapted to the pandemic with the practice of live streaming or uploading videos of the Sunday Mass, with the only difference in the service being the lack of a congregation and choir. These churches sought to provide ‘the same’ Sunday services under unprecedented circumstances and with little previous experience with online worship. However, a streamed mass could not possibly be the same for the laity without physical participation, the call and response between the priest and the assembly, and the reception of the Eucharist. This paper argues that virtual, interactive, lay- led Sunday services can more faithfully imitate the spirit of the Vatican II document, Sacrosanctum Concilium, in fostering the full and active participation of the assembly than streamed or pre-recorded masses. Despite being a departure from what was previously considered acceptable Sunday worship, in the time of pandemic there are broad dispensations from the obligations of the faithful to attend a Sunday mass. Therefore, lay Catholics are not restricted to a binary choice between viewing mass in a physical or virtual way, and have the freedom to seek out opportunities to pray together in ways that foster their full and active participation in Sunday worship

Promoting Access to Archival Information on the Amish

The Elizabethtown College Hess Archives contains a wealth of Amish research materials and scholarship. This project, spanning nine weeks, served to add materials to the Hess Archives to be used for research on the Amish. Student Emily Erdlen, under archivist Rachel Grove Rohrbaugh, processed newly donated materials relating to a variety of Amish groups. The project led to a six-box addition to the Donald B. Kraybill Collection and the processing of two new collections, the Ben Riehl Collection and the Karen M. Johnson-Weiner Papers. Kraybill and Johnson-Weiner are both scholars who have studied Amish culture, and Riehl is an Amish man who has assisted Kraybill in his work. Processing included creating a processing plan, rehousing all donated materials, writing scope and contents notes, and creating a finding aid. As part of the project, Erdlen and Grove Rohrbaugh also conducted oral history interviews with Johnson-Weiner and Kraybill

Timing Is Everything: Markets, Loss, and Proof of Causation in Fraud on the Market Actions

Plaintiffs in securities fraud class actions must prove that defendants’ misconduct caused the investors’ losses. The U.S. Supreme Court’s 2011 decision in Erica P. John Fund, Inc. v. Halliburton Co. reaffirmed that loss causation is a quintessential merits issue that must be decided at trial. In three recent trials, juries have held defendants liable with findings of fact that are inconsistent with the Supreme Court’s doctrinal framework for securities fraud causation. This Note examines these verdicts and encourages the courts to depart from the common law of fraud and tighten the meaning of causation. To do this, courts must adhere to the economic theory that sustains modern class actions. Because losing parties will invariably move for post-trial relief, courts should develop rules that incorporate conceptual clarity and well-defined mechanisms of proof

Comparison of metal artifact reduction techniques in magnetic resonance imaging of carbon-reinforced PEEK and titanium spinal implants

BACKGROUND Carbon-reinforced PEEK (C-FRP) implants are non-magnetic and have increasingly been used for the fixation of spinal instabilities. PURPOSE To compare the effect of different metal artifact reduction (MAR) techniques in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on titanium and C-FRP spinal implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rod-pedicle screw constructs were mounted on ovine cadaver spine specimens and instrumented with either eight titanium pedicle screws or pedicle screws made of C-FRP and marked with an ultrathin titanium shell. MR scans were performed of each configuration on a 3-T scanner. MR sequences included transaxial conventional T1-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences, T2-weighted TSE, and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences and two different MAR-techniques: high-bandwidth (HB) and view-angle-tilting (VAT) with slice encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC). Metal artifact degree was assessed by qualitative and quantitative measures. RESULTS There was a much stronger effect on artifact reduction with using C-FRP implants compared to using specific MRI MAR-techniques (screw shank: P < 0.001; screw tulip: P < 0.001; rod: P < 0.001). VAT-SEMAC sequences were able to reduce screw-related signal loss artifacts in constructs with titanium screws to a certain degree. Constructs with C-FRP screws showed less artifact-related implant diameter amplification when compared to constructs with titanium screws (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Constructs with C-FRP screws are associated with significantly less artifacts compared to constructs with titanium screws including dedicated MAR techniques. Artifact-reducing sequences are able to reduce implant-related artifacts. This effect is stronger in constructs with titanium screws than in constructs with C-FRP screws