Detailed Investigation of Glass Balustrade in Kashirskaya Shopping Mall Project

Glass balustrade construction, envisaged for architectural considerations, was utilised in Kashirskaya shopping center in Moscow, Russia. Modifications were required in the manufacturer's design, to be further verified by full scale tests, on the most used largest sized panels. 3-D finite element computer model of glass balustrades and connection members were formed and ultimate capacity and service limit calculations were made according to the related regulations. Results were compared with the experiments carried out on full-scale glass balustrades tested at METU Structural Mechanics Laboratory

A Rare Complication of Tonsillectomy: Subcutaneous Emphysema

Tonsillectomy is one of the surgical procedures that are frequently performed by ear, nose, and throat surgeons. The procedure is associated with many intra-operative and postoperative complications, and the nature of the operation site hampers surgical interventions. Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is characterized by the presence of air within the fascial planes of the head-neck region because of various reasons. It may develop iatrogenically or spontaneously because of trauma. Herein, we report a 4-year-old male patient who presented to our clinic with complaints of frequent tonsillitis and snoring and who developed subcutaneous emphysema involving only the maxillofacial region following tonsillectomy. In addition, treatment strategies have been discussed, taking current literature into account

A Rare Tumor in the Cervical Sympathetic Trunk: Ganglioneuroblastoma

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare tumor with moderate malignancy, which is composed of mature ganglion cells and seen in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. The diagnosis is possible after cytological and immunohistochemical studies following a needle biopsy or surgical excision. There is no consensus regarding the need for chemo-or radiotherapy after surgery. In this case report, clinical behavior and diagnosis and treatment of the rare tumor cervical ganglioneuroblastoma were discussed

Overview of insular power systems under increasing penetration of renewable energy sources:opportunities and challenges

\u3cp\u3eInsular electricity grids are considered to have a more fragile structure than the mainland ones due to several factors such as the lower inertia because of lower number of generation facilities connected to the system, absence or insufficient interconnection with the main grid, etc. The recent trend of integrating large portions of environmentally sustainable power generation units that have a significantly volatile nature in the generation mix (such as wind and solar energy conversion systems) within this fragile structure, poses profound challenges that need deeper and specific analysis. This study aims to provide an overview of insular power system structures and operational requirements, especially under increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. Firstly, a general evaluation of insular power systems is presented. Then, potential challenges are thoroughly discussed together with opportunities to tackle them. Future technological developments, as well as innovative applications are also given special attention. Hence, this paper contributes to the scarce literature regarding insular power systems by providing a critical overview of issues regarding their operation and possible solutions.\u3c/p\u3

An overview of demand response: key-elements and international experience

\u3cp\u3eThe increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems intensifies the need of enhancing the flexibility in grid operations in order to accommodate the uncertain power output of the leading RES such as wind and solar generation. Utilities have been recently showing increasing interest in developing Demand Response (DR) programs in order to match generation and demand in a more efficient way. Incentive- and price-based DR programs aim at enabling the demand side in order to achieve a range of operational and economic advantages, towards developing a more sustainable power system structure. The contribution of the presented study is twofold. First, a complete and up-to-date overview of DR enabling technologies, programs and consumer response types is presented. Furthermore, the benefits and the drivers that have motivated the adoption of DR programs, as well as the barriers that may hinder their further development, are thoroughly discussed. Second, the international DR status quo is identified by extensively reviewing existing programs in different regions.\u3c/p\u3

Combining the flexibility from shared energy storage systems and DLC-based demand response of HVAC units for distribution system operation enhancement

In this study, a direct load control strategy for procuring flexibility from residential heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units and the optimal management of shared energy storage systems connected at different buses of a distribution system is proposed, as a new contribution with respect to earlier studies, aiming to minimize the energy demand during DR event periods. Moreover, an additional objective related to the minimization of the end-users' discomfort induced by the interruption of the HVAC units is considered, leading to the formulation of a bi-level optimization problem based on a second-order conic programming representation of the AC power flow equations. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by performing simulations on a test system and comparisons with other approaches

An energy credit based incentive mechanism for the direct load control of residential HVAC systems incorporation in day-ahead planning

\u3cp\u3eThe increasing operational complexity of power systems considering the higher renewable energy penetration and changing load characteristics, together with the recent developments in the ICT field have led to more research and implementation efforts related to the activation of the demand side. In this manner, different direct load control (DLC) and indirect load control concepts have been developed and DLC strategies are considered as an effective tool for load serving entities (LSEs) with several real-world application examples. In this study, a new DLC strategy tailored for residential air-conditioners (ACs) participating in the day-ahead planning, based on offering energy credits to the enrolled end-users is proposed. The mentioned energy credits are then used by residential end-users to lower their energy procurement costs during peak-price periods. The strategy is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model considering uncertainties related to weather conditions. The outcomes regarding the end-user comfort level and economic benefits are also analyzed.\u3c/p\u3

Reserves and demand response coping with renewable energy resources uncertainty

This chapter introduces several two-stage stochastic programming models in order to procure energy and reserve services from the demand side to cope with uncertainty introduced by increasing renewable energy sources (RESs) penetration into the power system. The variable and uncertain nature of the leading RESs, such as wind power generation, calls for the development of a sophisticated balance mechanism between supply and demand to maintain the consistency of a power system. Especially, the reliable and economic operation of insular power systems may be jeopardized due to the limited flexibility of conventional power sources. The twostage stochastic optimization models are developed with the aim of procuring the required load-following reserves from both generation and demand-side resources under high wind-power penetration. A novel load model is introduced to procure flexible reserves from industrial clients. The economic model of responsive demand and a model describing an aggregation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are also discussed in this chapter. The proposed formulations are evaluated through various simulations and different case studies performed on the insular power system of Crete, Greece

Novel incentive mechanism for end-users enrolled in DLC-based demand response programs within stochastic planning context

\u3cp\u3eIn this paper, a novel direct load control (DLC) planning based on providing free energy credits to residential end-users for their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning load during demand response (DR) events is proposed. The obtained credit can then be used by the end-users during relatively higher price periods free-of-cost to enable them lowering their energy procurement costs. Furthermore, the resulting reduction in the total household energy consumption considerably decreases the critical load demands in power systems, which is of vital importance for load-serving entities in maintaining the balance between supply and demand during peak load periods. In this regard, the aforementioned energy credits-based incentive mechanism is proposed for end-users enrolled in the DLC-based DR program, as a new contribution to the existing literature, testing it in a stochastic day-ahead planning context.\u3c/p\u3