Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Selection Indices Using Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Among abiotic stresses, drought is undoubtedly one of the most important ones, that have great impact on crop growth and productivity worldwide. Therefore, identifying of plants' performance against drought stress and estimating drought tolerance become a necessary part of the breeding phase. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of several indices that combine drought tolerance and high yield potential in chickpea. The trials were conducted under both stressed and no-stressed environments for two growing seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017) in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Varyans analysis results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes regarding Yp, Ys, MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MISTIk 1, MISTIk 2, HM, YI, PI, ATI, SNPI and RDY. The genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP97-503C and FLIP06-97C had high yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C and ‘Aksu’ displayed high amount under stressed condition. Thus, the genotypes FLIP09-51C and FLIP06-97C were found as good candidates for commercial recommendation in both conditions. Spearman rank correlation matrix showed that drought indices were significantly related to each other. The yields in stress and no-stress conditions (Yp and Ys) showed a significant and positive correlation with MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MSTIK1, MSTIK2 and HM and showed a negative correlation with PI and RDY. As a result, it has been found that MISTIK2, DI, HM, STI and YI can be used as optimal indicators for screening drought-tolerant genotypes, while FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C, EN934 and ‘Aksu’ varieties have been the most tolerant genotypes in terms of these indices examined in study

Determination of some agricultural and technological traits of different chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in winter and spring sowns under Southeast Anatolia Region ecological conditions.

TEZ9286Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2012.Kaynakça (s. 225-238) var.xxi, 241 s. : tablo ; 29 cm.Bu çalışma, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi ekolojik koşullarında farklı nohut genotiplerinin yazlık ve kışlık ekimlerinde, bazı tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, iki farklı lokasyon (Diyarbakır ve Hazro)’da 2009/2010 ve 2010/2011 yetiştirme sezonlarında yürütülmüştür. Denemeler Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak, ana parselle ekim zamanı ve alt parsellere genotipler gelecek şekilde kurulmuştur. İki yıllık birleştirilmiş ortalamaların varyans analizi sonucunda incelenen özelliklerden; metrekarede bitki sayısı, çıkış süresi, %50 çiçeklenme süresi, fizyolojik olgunlaşma süresi, nodül sayısı, ortalama elek analizi, kuru tane ağırlığı ve protein oranının ekim zamanından; bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide ana dal sayısı, biyolojik verim, tane verimi, kuru nodül ağırlığı, 100 tane ağırlığı, yaş tane ağırlığı, su alma kapasitesi, şişme indeksi ve pişme süresinin yıllardan; şişme kapasitesinin genotiplerden; baklada tane sayısı ve hasat indeksinin yıl x ekim zamanı interaksiyonundan, bitkide bakla sayısının lokasyon x yıl interaksiyonundan ve su alma indeksinin lokasyon x ekim zamanı interaksiyonundan önemli derecede etkilendikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Nohut’ta en yüksek tane verimi kışlık ekimlerden alınmıştır. Bölgede genotiplerin ekim zamanlarına göre tepkileri incelendiğinde: F97-90C, F98-55C genotipleri ile Azkan çeşidinin kışlık, Çağatay ve Yaşa 05 çeşidi ile ENA8- DY1 genotipinin yazlık, F03-28C ve EN 934 genotipi ile Aksu çeşidi hem kışlık hem de yazlık ekimlerde ekilebileceği saptanmıştır.The objective of this study was to determine some agricultural and technological properties of different types of chickpea genotypes, which are grown as winter and spring sown crops under Southeastern Anatolia Region ecological conditions. The experiments were carried out at two locations (Diyarbakir and Hazro) during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. Faild trails were conducted at randomized complete block, split-plot design with three replications. Sowing-times as main plots, genotypes as sub-plots. The results of analysis of variance combined with a two-year averages indicated that number of plants per square meter, time of emergence, days to flowering, physiological maturation period, number of nodules, sieve analysis, dry weight of grain, and protein content significantly affected from sowing time; plant height, first pod height, number of primary branches per plant, biological yield, grain yield, nodule dry weight, 100 seed weight, soaked seed weight, water absorption capacity, swelling index, and the cooking time significantly affected from years; swelling capacity significantly affected from genotypes; number of seed in the pod and harvest index significantly affected from the year x sowing time interaction, number of pods per plant significantly affected from the location x year interaction, the rate of water absorption index significantly affected from the location x sowing time interaction. The winter sown genotypes had the highest seed yield. When evaluating the response of genotypes in the region interms of sowing times it was concluded that F98-55C and Azkan genotypes can be grown as winter sown, Çağatay and Yaşa 05 varieties and ENA8- DY1 genotype can be grown as spring sown, F03-28C and EN 934 genotypes and Aksu variety can be grown as both winter and spring sown.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TAGEM/TA/11/12/01/001

The Presence of Soil Pathogens in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Growing in Winter and Summer.

The aim of this study was to reveal the presence of soil pathogens in chickpea growing in winter and summer. Field trials were arranged as randomized blocks in design with four replications in Diyarbakır province during 2017 year. Sowing dates were November 16 for winter and March 10 for summer. Chickpea plants in all the plots were examined for root rot and wilting in the first week of June. Isolation was made from diseased plants and the diagnosis was performed macroscopically and microscopically. Macrophomina phaseoli, Rhizoctonia solani, Phoma spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium spp., were isolated in both trials but the rates were different. Chickpea plants were more affected by summer sowing than winter sowing and athe most isolated pathogens were Fusarium species, especially Fusarium oxysporum

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS RHIZOBACTERIA APPLICATION

Rhizobacterial application is efficient approach and process focusing less chemical fertilizers for increasing soil fertility and nutritional value of grains for different crops. This study investigated the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens rhizobacterial application on the yield, yield components, grain quality and content of nutrition elements in wheat and in soil. Experiments were designed according to randomized complete block design with four replications in environmental conditions of Diyarbakir province, Turkey, during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Four treatments of Pseudomonas fluorescens rhizobacteria (control, seed inoculation, foliar application, seed + foliar) were used to investigate their effects on various aspects of wheat crop. Results of present study indicated that P. fluorescens rhizobacteria applications significantly (P≤ 0.05) affected grain yield, Al, K, Mg, and Zn content in grain, total N, and available P, K, Fe, and Mn elements in soil. The maximum grain yield was obtained from the combined application of seed inoculation + foliar application and showed 7% higher yield than in the control. Study indicated that application of rhizobacteria has positive effect on soil productivity, yield and nutritional quality of grains

Response of some facultative wheat genotypes to different environments

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı fakültatif gelişme tabiatına sahip ekmeklik buğdaygenotiplerin farklı çevrelerde verim ve kalite özelliklerin belirlenmesidir.Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma, 2014-2015 yetiştirme sezonunda yağışa dayalışartlarda 25 ekmeklik buğday genotipi (20 ileri hat ve 5 standart çeşit) ile Diyarbakırve Muş lokasyonlarında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalıolarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çeşit ve hatların tane verimi ile bazı kalite (bintane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı, zeleny sedimantasyon ve yaş gluten)özellikleri incelenmiştir.Araştırma Bulguları: Birleştirilmiş varyans analizinde, genotip, çevre ve bunlarınetkileşim (genotip × çevre) etkileri, incelenen özelliklerden bin tane ve hektolitreağırlığı hariç diğer tüm özellikler için oldukça anlamlıydı. Ancak genotip-çevreetkileşiminin etkisi incelenen tüm parametreler açısından genotip ve çevreye göredaha küçük boyuttaydı. Diyarbakır lokasyonu incelenen kalite parametreleri için öneçıkarken, Muş lokasyonu tane verimi yönünde öne çıkmıştır.Sonuç: Çalışmada, G17 genotipi her iki test ortamında da en yüksek tane veriminesahipti ve verim açısından en kararlıydı. G11 ve G21 genotipleri kalite parametreleriaçısından ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu genotiplerin gelecekteki ıslah çalışmalarındaebeveyn olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the yield and quality characteristics of bread wheat genotypes with facultative development nature in different environments. Material and Method: In this study, 25 facultative bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under rain fed conditions in Diyarbakır and Muş, in 2014-2015 growing season. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete-block design with three replications. In the study, grain yield and some quality (thousand kernel and hectoliter weight, protein content, zeleny sedimentation and wet gluten) properties were investigated. Results: In the combined variance analysis, genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction were found to be highly significant for all other features except for one thousand and hectolitre weight. However, the effect of genotypeenvironment interaction was less significant than the genotype and environment for the parameters studied. While Diyarbakır location stands out for the quality parameters examined, Muş location stands out only in the direction of grain yield. Conclusion: G17 genotype had the highest grain yield in both environments and showed a stable condition for yield. G11 and G21 genotypes were found superior for quality parameters. It has been determined that these genotypes can be used as a parent in future breeding studies

Control of Ascochyta Blight (Ascochytha rabiei ) in Chickpea in Winter Sowing in Southeastern Anatolia

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph=Didymella rabiei), is one of the most serious diseases of chickpea in many countries including Turkey. In this investigation, we searched the reaction of some chickpea varieties against to the causal agent of ascochyta blight disease of A. rabiei in natural conditions and in different locations in the Southeastern Anatolia and revealed some data for the control of this disease. Rainfall and humidity has created ideal conditions for development this disease in the season of production between 2015 and 2016. In these circumstances, determined tolerant varieties and some applications are made in farm conditions against diseases for at least lowering the effect on the yield of chickpea in the winter sowing. As a result, Askan and Arda varieties were identified as the most tolerant varieties against the disease at all locations. It was determined that if these chickpea varieties sown in autumn, seed dressing and foliar spraying is done on time, the negative impact of disease will be minimum on yield

Evaluation of Some Agricultural Characteristics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Based on Augmented Experimental Design in Diyarbakır Rainfall Conditions

msufbdThe study was carried out based on rainfall conditions in the 2018-2019 growing season in center of Diyarbakir location. The research material consisted of different natured bread wheat genotypes. This study was designed as Augmented Experimental Design with 6 blocks, and 120 lines, being the subject of this study, was compared with 5 control variety. According to results; It was determined that there were significant differences between the genotypes in the p?0.01 and p?0.05 level in terms of all the examined features. It was determined that grain yield; 186.3-813.0 kg da-1, test weight; 76.01-84.91 kg hl-1, thousand grain weight; 23.51-46.71 g and protein ratio; %8.67-12.61 ranged. According to the biplot analysis using genotypes data, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between test weight and thousand grain weight, while a negative correlation was found between protein ratio and grain yield. Superior lines were marked to enrich the genetic base and were taken into the gen pool as a parents. In addition, the same lines were transferred to advanced yield trials and it was concluded that the breeding processes should be continued by testing them in different environments for at least 3 years.Çalışma, Diyarbakır merkez lokasyonunda 2018-2019 üretim sezonunun yağışa dayalı koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyalini farklı tabiatlı ekmeklik buğday genotipleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışma, Augmented Deneme Deseninde 6 blokta yürütülmüş olup, araştırma konusu 120 hat, 5 kontrol çeşit ile kıyaslanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; incelenen tüm özellikler yönünden genotipler arasında p?0.01 ve p?0.05 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, tane verimi; 186.3-813.0 kg da-1, hektolitre ağırlığı; 76.01-84.91 kg hl-1, bin tane ağırlığı; 23.51-46.71 g ve protein oranı; %8.67-12.61 arasında değişmiştir. Ayrıca tane veriminde; 55, hektolitre ağırlığında; 23, bin tane ağırlığında; 28, protein oranında; 27 hattın kontrol çeşitlerden daha üstün olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler bakımından genotipler arasında geniş varyasyon olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Üstün hatlar genetik tabanı zenginleştirmek için işaretlenerek genitör olarak gen havuzuna alınmıştır. Ayrıca, aynı hatlar ileri kademe verim denemelerine aktarılarak farklı çevrelerde en az 3 yıl denenmek suretiyle ıslah süreçlerinin devam ettirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.93309

Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde Kışlık Nohut Ekimlerinde Ascochyta Yanıklığı (Ascochytha rabiei) Hastalığıyla Mücadele

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph=Didymella rabiei), is one of the most serious diseases of chickpea in many countries including Turkey. In this investigation, we searched the reaction of some chickpea varieties against to the causal agent of ascochyta blight disease of A. rabiei in natural conditions and in different locations in the Southeastern Anatolia and revealed some data for the control of this disease. Rainfall and humidity has created ideal conditions for development this disease in the season of production between 2015 and 2016. In these circumstances, determined tolerant varieties and some applications are made in farm conditions against diseases for at least lowering the effect on the yield of chickpea in the winter sowing. As a result, Askan and Arda varieties were identified as the most tolerant varieties against the disease at all locations. It was determined that if these chickpea varieties sown in autumn, seed dressing and foliar spraying is done on time, the negative impact of disease will be minimum on yield

Augmented Deneme Desenine Dayalı Ekmeklik Buğday Genotiplerinin (Triticum aestivum L.) Diyarbakır Yağışa Dayalı Şartlarında Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi

msufbdThe study was carried out based on rainfall conditions in the 2018-2019 growing season in center of Diyarbakir location. The research material consisted of different natured bread wheat genotypes. This study was designed as Augmented Experimental Design with 6 blocks, and 120 lines, being the subject of this study, was compared with 5 control variety. According to results; It was determined that there were significant differences between the genotypes in the p?0.01 and p?0.05 level in terms of all the examined features. It was determined that grain yield; 186.3-813.0 kg da-1, test weight; 76.01-84.91 kg hl-1, thousand grain weight; 23.51-46.71 g and protein ratio; %8.67-12.61 ranged. According to the biplot analysis using genotypes data, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between test weight and thousand grain weight, while a negative correlation was found between protein ratio and grain yield. Superior lines were marked to enrich the genetic base and were taken into the gen pool as a parents. In addition, the same lines were transferred to advanced yield trials and it was concluded that the breeding processes should be continued by testing them in different environments for at least 3 years.Çalışma, Diyarbakır merkez lokasyonunda 2018-2019 üretim sezonunun yağışa dayalı koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyalini farklı tabiatlı ekmeklik buğday genotipleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışma, Augmented Deneme Deseninde 6 blokta yürütülmüş olup, araştırma konusu 120 hat, 5 kontrol çeşit ile kıyaslanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; incelenen tüm özellikler yönünden genotipler arasında p?0.01 ve p?0.05 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, tane verimi; 186.3-813.0 kg da-1, hektolitre ağırlığı; 76.01-84.91 kg hl-1, bin tane ağırlığı; 23.51-46.71 g ve protein oranı; %8.67-12.61 arasında değişmiştir. Ayrıca tane veriminde; 55, hektolitre ağırlığında; 23, bin tane ağırlığında; 28, protein oranında; 27 hattın kontrol çeşitlerden daha üstün olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler bakımından genotipler arasında geniş varyasyon olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Üstün hatlar genetik tabanı zenginleştirmek için işaretlenerek genitör olarak gen havuzuna alınmıştır. Ayrıca, aynı hatlar ileri kademe verim denemelerine aktarılarak farklı çevrelerde en az 3 yıl denenmek suretiyle ıslah süreçlerinin devam ettirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.93309

Sentetik ve Modern Ekmeklik Buğday Genotiplerinin (Triticum aestivum L.) Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışma, kışlık gelişme tabiatına sahip 14 modern ekmeklik ve 11 sentetik buğday genotipinin tane verimi ve bazı kalite özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması amacıyla 2014-15 ve 2015-16 yetiştirme sezonlarında Elazığ ili sulu şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş, birleştirilmiş varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından genotipler arasındaki fark 0.01 düzeyinde istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre, sentetik ve modern ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin tane verimi ortalaması sırasıyla 720 ve 707 kg da-1; bin tane ağırlığı için 41.42 ve 37.35 g; protein oranı için %10.71 ve %10.79; yaş gluten değeri %31.7 ve %30.7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada sentetik buğday genotipleri bin tane ağırlığı bakımından daha üstün özelliğe sahipken, tane verimi bakımından daha yüksek bir ortalamaya sahip olmalarına rağmen bariz bir üstünlük tespit edilememiştir. ANOVA ve GGE biplot analizleri sonucuna göre sentetik buğday genotipi S-4’ün bin tane, yaş gluten ve protein özellikleri bakımından, modern ekmeklik buğday genotipi M-3’ün ise zeleny sedimantasyon ve hektolitre özellikleri için en ideal değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda sentetik buğday genotiplerinin tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri bakımından iyi bir potansiyele sahip olmakla beraber, dikkatli ve etkili bir seleksiyon ile modern ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinden daha üstün özelliklere sahip sentetik buğday genotiplerin belirlenebileceği ve bu konuda daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır