The effect of early tranexamic acid administration on hemoglobin levels after unstable pelvic fracture: An experimental study in rats

Aim: To investigate the effect of early systemic tranexamic acid (TRA) administration on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in rats with pelvic fracture. Method: In our study, 30 Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups in equal numbers and their hemoglobin levels were measured by taking blood samples from each. No trauma was applied to the first group and it was taken as the main control group of the study. Closed bilateral unstable pelvic fractures were created in all rats in groups 2 and 3. Fracture creation time is considered as minute 0. 10 minutes after the fracture was formed, TRA was given to the 1st group, TRA to the 2nd group and saline solution to the 3rd group systemically. Hemoglobin levels were measured by taking blood samples from all rats at 30th minute and 24th hour. The initial Hb values ​​obtained were normalized to 100 and the percentages of 30th minute and 24th hour values ​​were calculated. The initial, 30th minute and 24th hour values ​​of all groups were compared statistically with each other. The 30th minute and 24th hour values ​​were compared statistically between the groups. Results: No death was observed within 24 hours in all three groups. When the first Hb values ​​of each group are normalized to 100, the mean Hb percentages were calculated in the first group as 99.54 and 99.84 at 30 minutes and 24 hour, respectively; 92.95 and 87.73 in the second group; and 87.95 and 73.16 in the third group. When these values ​​obtained were compared statistically within the groups (initial, 30th minute, 24th hour Hb percentages), there was no significant difference between the initial, 30th minute and 24th hour values ​​in group 1. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the initial, 30th minute and 24th hour values ​​in group 2 and 3 (p<0.01). In the comparison between the groups, a statistically significant difference was found between group 1-2, group 1-3 and group 2-3 between both 30th minute and 24th hour values (p<0.01). Conclusion: In rats with bilateral unstable pelvic fractures due to blunt pelvis trauma, early administration of TRA after trauma significantly reduced the first 24-hour decrease in Hb value. Our study supports the early and prehospital use of TRA in traumas that are predicted to progress with acute bleeding, such as unstable pelvic fractures

Complex regional pain syndrome type I: efficacy of stellate ganglion blockade

PubMed ID: 19888550Background: This study was performed to evaluate the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I with stellate ganglion blockade. Materials and methods: We performed three blockades at weekly intervals in 22 patients with CRPS type I in one hand. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the time between symptom onset and treatment initiation. Group 1and 2 patients had short and long symptom-onset-to-treatment intervals, respectively. Pain intensity, using a visual analog score (VAS), and range of motion (ROM) for the wrist joint were assessed before and 2 weeks after treatment and were compared using nonparametric statistical analysis. Results: Treatment produced a statistically significant difference in wrist ROM for all patients (P < 0.001). VAS values showed an overall decrease from 8 ± 1 to 1 ± 1 following treatment, and there was a significant difference in VAS value between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We concluded that stellate ganglion blockade successfully decreased VAS and increased ROM of wrist joints in patients with CRPS type I. Further, the duration between symptom onset and therapy initiation was a major factor affecting blockade success. © 2009 Springer-Verlag

Acid and base catalysed reactions in one pot with site-isolated polyHIPE catalysts

The polyHIPE catalysts based on styrene, vinyl benzyl chloride, and divinylbenzene co-polymerisation were functionalised with carboxylic and tertiary amine groups. Catalyst characterisation showed covalent bonding of the graft polymers. The macroporous and highly interconnected structure of polyHIPEs allows isolation of the acid and base functional groups and allows the presence of these otherwise incompatible functionalities on the same catalyst. The functionalised polyHIPE catalysts were shown to perform two reactions; (i) acid-catalysed acetal hydrolysis and (ii) base-catalysed Knoevenagel condensation in one-pot with 97% yield. The yield obtained is substantially higher than that observed with the homogeneous or resin polymer type catalysts due to the compartmentalisation of the active sites and improved mass transfer through the open porous polyHIPE structure

THE COMPARISON OF THREE DIFFERENT MALIGNACY EVALUATION CRITERIA OF CERVICAL LYMPH NODES IN ORAL CAVITY CANCER USING F-18 FDG PET-CT

Aims: Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic role of Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET-CT) using three different criteria published in the literature and to compare the diagnostic value of these three parameters in patients with oral cavity cancers (OCC)

Photometric analysis of the eclipsing binary star AI Draconis

WOS: 000165873600028New photometric data from the eclipsing binary star AI Draconis has been analyzed with the method of Wilson-Devinney. The system shows a period increase of about 0.91 sec per century, which corresponds to amass transfer from the less to the more massive component at a rate of 7.5 10(-7) M./yr under the conservative mass transfer hypothesis. We also suggest that the system has an unseen component which orbits around the mass center of the triplet system with a period of about 23 yrs. We found that the projectional angular separation between the third star and eclipsing pair varies from 0." 048 to 0." 235. These results suggestive of a third body should be checked in the future with more sensitive observations

Sulfated zirconia in SBA-15 structures with strong Bronsted acidity as observed by H-1 MAS NMR spectroscopy

In order to prepare high surface area highly acidic catalysts, different weight loadings of ZrO2 were incorporated in the SBA-15 structures which are subsequently sulfated by treating in 0.25 M H2SO4. The catalysts were characterized by means of TEM, XRD, N2 adsorption, and 1H MAS NMR. Brønsted type acidities of sulfated zirconia included SBA-15 materials were identified by a sharp 1H MAS NMR line at 10.6 ppm. The highest acidity was obtained in the 25 mol% ZrO2 included SBA-15 catalyst with a BET surface area of 246 m2/g

Synthesis and NMR Characterization of Titanium and Zirconium Oxides Incorporated in SBA-15

Single oxides of Ti and Zr incorporated SBA-15 were prepared and characterized by N-2 adsorption, NMR, and XPS techniques. Si-29 MAS NMR results suggest the formation of Si-O-X linkages (X: Ti or Zr) by an increase in the ratio of Q(3)/Q(4) in the presence of Ti or Zr. XPS analysis of Ti-SBA-15 catalysts indicate the presence of Ti-O-Si bonds in addition to Ti-O-Ti and Si-O-Si bonds, supporting the NMR evidence

Effects of tranexamic acid on the recovery of osteochondral defects treated by microfracture and acellular matrix scaffold: an experimental study

Abstract Background Microfracture and scaffold application in the treatment of osteochondral defects is still one of the most frequently used methods in the clinic. The most important step in this treatment method is the stabilization of fibrin clot. Tranexamic acid (TA) is an antifibrinolytic agent commonly used in orthopedic surgery in recent years. This study evaluated the effect of local TA application on healing of experimentally induced osteochondral defects on rabbits. Methods This paper contains an animal in vivo data and histological outcomes on the effect of TA. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were treated unilaterally and cylindrical defects having a width of 4 mm and depth of 5 mm were created in the weight-bearing surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the right femur. They were divided into two groups, as group 1 study and group 2 control groups, respectively. One milliliter (ml) of TA was injected into the knee joints of the subjects in group 1. All animals were sacrificed for the extraction of the femur condyles for histologic study at the fourth and eighth weeks after surgery. Histological evaluations were performed by Brittberg and O’Driscoll scores to all samples. Data were organized in a Standard Statistical Package System v.22 software package (SPSS/PC Inc., Chicago, IL.) and reported as mean and median (min-max). Repeated measures ANOVA test was used to compare groups and condyle effects together for each week. p values below 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results Samples were taken in the fourth and eighth weeks. The regularity of the surface in group 1 was smoother, and the tissue stability was more robust. Mean Brittberg scores in both weeks were statistically higher in group 1 when compared with group 2. In the microscopic evaluation, it was observed that the regeneration of subchondral and cartilage tissues were more rapid and organized in group 1, and the mean O’ Driscoll scores in both weeks were statistically higher in group 1. Conclusions Application of TA improves the healing time and tissue stability in osteochondral defects which are implanted a-cellular scaffold after microfracture and should be applicable to humans for the treatment of osteochondral defects