Intensive care unit versus non–intensive care unit postoperative management of head and neck free flaps: Comparative effectiveness and cost comparisons

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106719/1/hed23325.pd

Effects of High-Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Microbiological Quality and Shelf Life of Tekirdag Kofte: A Turkish Type Meatball

Effects of different concentrations of O-2/CO2/N-2 in modified atmosphere packaging on the microbiological quality and shelf-life of Tekirdag kofte (a Turkish type meatball) was investigated. For this purpose, meatballs were separately packaged under aerobic and various gas mixture conditions of 80:20:0, 60:20:20, 70:30:0 and 60:40:0/O-2:CO2:N-2. Packages were stored at refrigerator temperature (4 +/- 1 degrees C) for 12 days and examined microbiologically comparing with pH and oxidative changes during storage. As a result, the quality and shelf-life of meatballs under various gas compositions were improved; microbial growth was delayed due to increasing level of CO2 usage and shelf-life was increased by up to 8 days

Alterations in oral bacterial communities are associated with risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer

Oral squamous cell carcinomas are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene are established risk factors. To date, no large-scale case-control studies have considered the effects of these risk factors on the composition of the oral microbiome, nor microbial community associations with oral cancer. We compared the composition, diversity, and function of the oral microbiomes of 121 oral cancer patients to 242 age- and gender-matched controls using a metagenomic multivariate analysis pipeline. Significant shifts in composition and function of the oral microbiome were observed with poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and oral cancer. Specifically, we observed dramatically altered community composition and function after tooth loss, with smaller alterations in current tobacco smokers, increased production of antioxidants in individuals with periodontitis, and significantly decreased glutamate metabolism metal transport in oral cancer patients. Although the alterations in the oral microbiome of oral cancer patients were significant, they were of substantially lower effect size relative to microbiome shifts after tooth loss. Alterations following tooth loss, itself a major risk factor for oral cancer, are likely a result of severe ecological disruption due to habitat loss but may also contribute to the development of the disease

Effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the microbiological quality and shelf life of ostrich meat

Effects of various concentrations of O-2/CO2 in modified atmosphere packaging on the microbiological quality and shelf-life of ostrich meat was investigated. Nine-12 months old ostriches were used. The iliofibularis muscle was cut into small cubes that were divided into five groups and then separately packaged under various gas mixes: air and O-2:CO2:N-2 ratios of 80:20:0, 60:20:20, 60:40:0, and 40:40:20, using 2 different headspace ratios (1:1 and 3:1). The packaged meats were kept at 4 degrees C for 10 days and were analysed microbiologically, physico-chemically and sensorially. As a result, the meat quality and shelf-life of ostrich meat under various gas compositions were improved: microbial growth was delayed due to high CO2 usage and shelf-life was increased by 5-7 days. However, an undesired loss of red colour of the ostrich meat may affect consumer acceptance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Transoral robotic surgery frontiers

AbstractTransoral robotic surgery is a exciting field that continues to develop and push the boundaries of current procedural ability and challenges historical treatment paradigms. With the first use of a surgical robot in 1985, to the first clinical use of the robot transorally in 2005, there was some lag in adoption of robotic techniques in the head and neck region. However, since 2005 transoral robotic surgery has rapidly gained momentum amongst head and neck surgeons. With FDA approval of the da Vinci robot in 2009, transoral robotic surgery is currently offered as a treatment modality for malignant and nonmalignant disease of the head and neck region. This new technology is being used to reconsider historical treatment paradigms for malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract due to the fact that minimally invasive surgical access to the oropharynx and larynx has been improved. Along with this enhanced access have come innovative procedures and uses of the technology for multiple facets of head and neck disease. Technology continues to improve and innovation in surgical robotics is expected to continue as more companies attempt to capture this market. This article aims to provide a view at the landscape of transoral robotic surgery and explore the future frontiers

Intraoperative cytological diagnosis of brain tumours: A preliminary study using a deep learning model

© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Background: Intraoperative pathological diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumours is essential to planning patient management in neuro-oncology. Frozen section slides and cytological preparations provide architectural and cellular information that is analysed by pathologists to reach an intraoperative diagnosis. Progress in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning means that AI systems have significant potential for the provision of highly accurate real-time diagnosis in cytopathology. Objective: To investigate the efficiency of machine-learning models in the intraoperative cytological diagnosis of CNS tumours. Materials and Methods: We trained a deep neural network to classify biopsy material for intraoperative tissue diagnosis of four major brain lesions. Overall, 205 medical images were obtained from squash smear slides of histologically correlated cases, with 18 high-grade and 11 low-grade gliomas, 17 metastatic carcinomas, and 9 non-neoplastic pathological brain tissue samples. The neural network model was trained and evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. Results: The model achieved 95% and 97% diagnostic accuracy in the patch-level classification and patient-level classification tasks, respectively. Conclusions: We conclude that deep learning-based classification of cytological preparations may be a promising complementary method for the rapid and accurate intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumours

Thermoluminescence properties of fluorescent materials used in commercial lamps

The dosimetric properties of eight different fluorescent materials (FM) used in production of commercial fluorescent lamps were studied by thermoluminescence (TL). Taking into account the criteria for TL phosphors to be useful for radiation dosimetry, radiation sensitivity, thermal stability, shape of the glow curves, and effect of incandescence, UV and daylight on irradiated and non irradiated material were investigated. It was observed that most of the material can be used for radiation doses from 10 mu Gy to 1 kGy. The radiation induced signal is found to be thermally very stable. The calcium halophosphates doped with Sb and Sb:Mn having a similar mineral phase as teeth and bone may be used for dosimetry in radiation therapy and diagnostics. The strontium borophosphates and barium magnesium aluminate doped with Eu were found to be sensitive to light and may be used in solar energy research

Awareness of Thyroid Surgeons on Voice and Airway Complications: An Attitude Survey in Turkey

Enver, Necati/0000-0002-3161-8810WOS:000616864700016PubMed: 31477349Introduction. Thyroidectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. Preoperative patient education and postoperative management of complications are vital to avoid postoperative medicolegal problems. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of thyroid surgeons about voice and airway complications of the surgery and the approaches used to avoid or handle these complications. Methods. A questionnaire based on surgeons' attitudes and behaviors on thyroidectomy was answered by 177 thyroid surgeons. Questions regarding demographic information, preoperative information methods, preoperative laryngeal examination, intraoperative nerve preservation techniques, and methods to avoid and handle postoperative complications were asked. Surgeons who completed the questionnaire were divided into three groups based on their annual volumes: less than 50 (low volume), 50-100 (middle volume), and more than 100 (high volume) for statistical analysis. The differences between the subgroups were compared using the chi-squared test. Results. During the preoperative disclosure, nearly all surgeons (97.2%) gave information about possible hoarseness; however, this high rate fell to 79.7% for possible voice changes, and to the lowest level of 36.7% for ability to change the voice pitch. Only 53.7% of the surgeons discussed the possibility of postoperative tracheostomy requirement. The surgeons with high annual volumes were found to perform vocal fold examination prior to a second surgery significantly higher than other groups (P=0.015). in the postoperative period, 84.2% of physicians indicated that they perform a laryngoscopic examination only for patients with voice problems. There was no statistically important difference between subgroups. Conclusions. Our study is unique to provide information from the surgeons' perspective by evaluating preoperative patient information, and intraoperative and postoperative protective and curative methods. The training of residents and fellows who are expected to perform thyroidectomies can be revised to compromise all aspects of complications