Evaluating air emission inventories and indicators from cruise vessels at ports

This paper provides an estimation of air emissions (CO2, NOX, SOX and PM) released by cruise vessels at the port level. The methodology is based on the Bfull bottom-up^ approach and starts by evaluating the fuel consumed by each vessel on the basis of its individual port activities (manoeuvring, berthing and hoteling). The Port of Barcelona was selected as the site at which to perform the analysis, in which 125 calls of 30 cruise vessels were monitored. Real-time data from the automatic identification system (AIS), factor emissions from engine certificates and vessel characteristics from IHS Sea-web database were also collected for the analysis. The research findings show that the most appropriate indicators are inventory emissions per Bport-time gross tonnage^, Bport-time passenger^ and Bport time^. These emission indicators improve our understanding of cruise emissions and will facilitate the work that aims to estimate reliably and quickly the in-port ship emission inventories of cruise ports.Postprint (published version

Stepwise Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Nucleopeptides

Phosphodiester‐linked peptide‐oligonucleotide conjugates (nucleopeptides) are obtained by stepwise solid‐phase procedures. The peptide is first assembled on a suitably derivatized solid matrix and the oligonucleotide is subsequently elongated at the free hydroxyl group of the linking amino acid. Temporary acid‐labile and permanent base‐labile protecting groups are combined. Careful choice of the protection scheme is required to prevent and minimize side reactions that may degrade the target molecule.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152587/1/cpnc0422.pd

Diels-Alder cycloadditions in water for the straightforward preparation of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates

The Diels-Alder reaction between diene-modified oligonucleotides and maleimide-derivatized peptides afforded peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates with high purity and yield. Synthesis of the reagents was easily accomplished by on-column derivatization of the corresponding peptides and oligonucleotides. The cycloaddition reaction was carried out in mild conditions, in aqueous solution at 37°C. The speed of the reaction was found to vary depending on the size of the reagents, but it can be completed in 8–10 h by reacting the diene-oligonucleotide with a small excess of maleimide-peptide

The commitment to fiction in Onda Cero (2016-2021 ): analysis of productions in current radio broadcasting

Desaparecida de la emisión durante décadas, la ficción radiofónica vuelve a hacerse un hueco en las principales emisoras españolas en los últimos años, recuperando una creatividad y una dimensión artística que fue clave en los inicios de la radiodifusión. El presente estudio analiza las ficciones radiofónicas realizadas por Onda Cero entre los años 2016 y 2021, definiendo tanto sus características individuales como comunes. Para ello aplica una metodología mixta en la que se combina el análisis de contenido a una muestra de quince producciones con entrevistas en profundidad a dos profesionales que participan en distintas facetas de su ejecución. Los resultados aluden a una vuelta de los géneros de ficción a la radio española gracias a las nuevas tendencias de distribución y consumo como el formato pódcast, si bien su estabilidad en la parrilla de la programación generalista queda todavía lejos.Having disappeared from broadcasting for decades, radio fiction has been making a comeback on the main Spanish radio stations in recent years, recovering a creativity and artistic dimension that was key in the early days of radio broadcasting. This study analyses the radio fiction produced by Onda Cero between 2016 and 2021, defining their individual and common characteristics. To do so, it applies a mixed methodology combining content analysis of a sample of fifteen productions with in-depth interviews with two professionals involved in different facets of their execution. The results allude to a return of fiction genres to Spanish radio thanks to new distribution and consumption trends such as the podcast format,although their stability in the general programming grid is still a long way off

An empirical analysis of the resiliency of Ro/Ro and Ro/Pax terminal operations

Regular maritime lines with roll-on roll-off vessels must offer a reliable service without substantial cost increases in order to be competitive. Port terminals need to be able to respond quickly to any disturbance that might appear and return to a smooth operational state in the minimum amount of time (resilient terminals). In this paper a complete taxonomy of the disturbances affecting the operational processes in a roll-on roll-off terminal is introduced together with a system able to assess the performance of any measure used to mitigate them. The study is based on an overview of the existing literature on the topic, a detailed diagram of the operational processes of the terminal, and an exhaustive set of interviews of the staff involved in the processes occurring in a roll-on roll-off terminal, together with field measurements. The main vulnerabilities are identified and possible corrective and preventive measures are pointed out.Postprint (published version

COUPY Coumarins as Novel Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Anticancer Agents

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment has drawn increased attention over the last decades. Herein, we introduce a novel family of low-molecular-weight coumarins as potential PDT anticancer tools. Through a systematic study with a library of 15 compounds, we have established a detailed structure−activity relationship rationale, which allowed the selection of three lead compounds exhibiting effective in vitro anticancer activities upon visible-light irradiation in both normoxia and hipoxia (phototherapeutic indexes up to 71) and minimal toxicity toward normal cells. Acting as excellent theranostic agents targeting mitochondria, the mechanism of action of the photosensitizers has been investigated in detail in HeLa cells. The generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, which has been found to be a major contributor of the coumarins' phototoxicity, and the induction of apoptosis and/or autophagy have been identified as the cell death modes triggered after irradiation with low doses of visible light

Improving Photodynamic Therapy Anticancer Activity of a Mitochondria-Targeted Coumarin Photosensitizer Using a Polyurethane−Polyurea Hybrid Nanocarrier

Integration of photosensitizers (PSs) within nanoscale delivery systems offers great potential for overcoming some of the 'Achiles' heels' of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we have encapsulated a mitochondria-targeted coumarin PS into amphoteric polyurethane-polyurea hybrid nanocapsules (NCs) with the aim of developing novel nanoPDT agents. The synthesis of coumarin-loaded NCs involved the nanoemulsification of a suitable prepolymer in the presence of a PS without needing external surfactants, and the resulting small nanoparticles showed improved photostability compared with the free compound. Nanoencapsulation reduced dark cytotoxicity of the coumarin PS and significantly improved in vitro photoactivity with red light toward cancer cells, which resulted in higher phototherapeutic indexes compared to free PS. Importantly, this nanoformulation impaired tumoral growth of clinically relevant three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroids. Mitochondrial photodamage along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) photogeneration was found to trigger autophagy and apoptotic cell death of cancer cells

Derecho cambiario: la letra de cambio

La evolución jurídica del contrato de cambio y de su principal medio de ejecución, la letra, comienza propiamente hasta el siglo XII, con el aparecer de las primeras legislaciones cambiarias. Pero la existencia de vestigios a cerca de ellos, nos demuestra que su uso es muy antiguo, tanto que la historia de sus orígenes al igual que la lenguaje, del fuego, del comercio etc. permanece oculta en un lejano pasado.Doctor en JurisprudenciaCuenc

Diseño de una planta destinada a la preparación de insecticidas y pesticidas para uso agrícola.

El principal objeto de este proyecto consiste en diseñar si no bien una planta elaboradora de insecticidas con todos los detalles, por lo menos las características de las principales secciones de proceso del producto.GuayaquilIngeniero Mecánico