Les Clarisses-Caputxines a Catalunya i Mallorca: de la fundado a la guerra civil (1599-1939). [Reseña]

Reseña de: Valenti SERRA DE MANRESA, Les Clarisses- Caputxines a Catalunya i Mallorca: de la fundado a la guerra civil (1599-1939), Facultat de Teologia de Catalunya (Collectània Sant Pacià, 76), Barcelona 2002 , 454 pp

Les prêtres des montagnes: la vie, la mort, la foi, dans les Pyrénées centrales sous l'Ancien Régime. [Reseña]

Reseña de: Serge BRUNET, Les prêtres des montagnes: la vie, la mort, la foi, dans les Pyrénées centrales sous l'Ancien Régime, prólogo de Bartolomé Bennassar, PyréGraph, Aspet 2001, 863 pp

Nuevas perspectivas de la orientación profesional para responder a los cambios y necesidades de la sociedad de hoy

En el siguiente artículo se presenta una breve síntesis del origen y desarrollo de la orientación profesional en el siglo XX y se elabora un sumario de los cambios en la sociedad en las últimas décadas que afectan de manera directa o indirecta la orientación profesional y exigen modificaciones en la intervención orientadora. Asimismo, se hace un esbozo de nuevas perspectivas para afrontar dichos cambios recogiendo aportaciones de diversos autores y se sugieren algunas de las competencias necesarias en la actuación de los orientadores en los distintos niveles de intervención

La familia como escenario para transgredir el racismo

En la confluencia de culturas y de modos de vida diversos, el racismo aparece como la patología social más grave que las sociedades actuales deben saber resolver. Asimismo, la familia es el máximo exponente de la realidad transcultural y del cruce de culturas; de hecho, toda familia se organiza inicialmente a partir de la “co-incidencia” de proyectos de vida, con objetivos y valores básicos también coincidentes, pero muy a menudo divergentes en sus prácticas concretas. Esta comunicación parte de un análisis de la familia en la realidad social diversa y plural en que nos movemos y propone una serie de medidas para que la familia sea escenario de aprendizaje y de gestión de los valores para transgredir el racismo

Using the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect to observe the transmission spectrum of Earth's atmosphere

Due to stellar rotation, the observed radial velocity of a star varies during the transit of a planet across its surface, a phenomenon known as the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect. The amplitude of the RM effect is related to the radius of the planet which, because of differential absorption in the planetary atmosphere, depends on wavelength. Therefore, the wavelength-dependent RM effect can be used to probe the planetary atmosphere. We measure for the first time the RM effect of the Earth transiting the Sun using a lunar eclipse observed with the ESO HARPS spectrograph. We analyze the observed RM effect at different wavelengths to obtain the transmission spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere after the correction of the solar limb-darkening and the convective blueshift. The ozone Chappuis band absorption as well as the Rayleigh scattering features are clearly detectable with this technique. Our observation demonstrates that the RM effect can be an effective technique for exoplanet atmosphere characterization. Its particular asset is that photometric reference stars are not required, circumventing the principal challenge for transmission spectroscopy studies of exoplanet atmospheres using large ground-based telescopes.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published on ApJ

The effect of the stellar absorption line centre-to-limb variation on exoplanet transmission spectrum observations

Transit spectroscopy is one of the most commonly used techniques for exoplanet atmosphere characterisation. This technique has been used to detect ionized and neutral species in exoplanet atmospheres by comparing the observed stellar lines in and out of transit. The centre-to-limb variation (CLV) of the stellar lines across the stellar disk is an important effect for transmission spectroscopy, since it results in a change of stellar line depth when the planet transits different parts of the stellar disk. We reanalyse the transit data of HD 189733b taken with the HARPS spectrograph to study the CLV effect during transit. The transmission light curve of the Na i D line so obtained shows a clear imprint of the CLV effect. We use a one-dimensional non-LTE stellar spectral model to simulate the CLV effect. After applying the correction, the measurement of the Na i absorption in the atmosphere of HD 189733b becomes better determined. We compare the CLV effect of HD 189733b to that of HD 209458b. The CLV effects are different for these two benchmark planetary systems and this is attributed to their different stellar effective temperatures and transit impact parameters. We then explore the general CLV effect that occurs during exoplanet transits. Normally, a star with a lower effective temperature exhibits a stronger CLV effect and its CLV feature extends over a relatively broad wavelength range. The transit impact parameter (b) describes the transit trajectory on the stellar disk and thus determines the actual manifestation of the CLV effect. We introduce a b-diagram which describes the behavior of the CLV effect as the function of different impact parameters. With improving observational precision, a careful modeling and correction of the CLV effect is necessary for exoplanet atmosphere characterisation using transit spectroscopy.Comment: Accepted for publishing on A&