Lipid Peroxidation In Patients With Multipl Myeloma

Multipl myelomlu hastalarda lipid peroksidasyonunun aktivitesini belirlemek için ön çalışma olarak serum malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyinin ölçülmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. On iki multipl myelomlu hasta ve onbeş sağlıklı kontrol gurubunda açlık venöz kan örneklerinden elde edilen serum örnekleri analiz edilene dek -20 C° de donduruldu.Tümörnekler oda sıcaklığında ısıtıldı. MDA'nın asidik ortamda tiyobarbutirik asitle oluşturduğu renk şiddeti 532 nm dalga boyunda spektrofotometrede okunması ile yapıldı. Multipl myelomlu hastalarda serumMDAdüzeyleri ortalama 1.51 0.16 nmol/ml, kontrol gurubunda ise 0.97 0.11nmol/ml (p:0.0321) olarak bulundu. MDA düzeyi ile yaş, cins, paraprotein ve hafif zincir tipi, hemoglobin düzeyi arasında ilişki yoktu (p>0.05). Serum MDAdüzeyi multipl myelomlu hastalarda kontrol gurubuna göre yüksek saptandı (p<0.05). Elde edilen sonuçlar ön değerlendirme niteliğinde olup multipl myelomlu hastalarda artmış oksidatif stresi işaret etmektedir.We investigated the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a parameter of lipid peroxidation in patients with multiple myeloma as a preliminary report. Fasting venous blood samples were drawn in 12 patients with multiple myeloma and 15 healthy persons. Serum was separated and frozen at -20 C°. All samples were thawed at room temperature and MDA levels were measured by the method in which MDA reacted with thiobarbituric acid and produced a colored complex. This colored complex was read by optic scale at 532 wavelength . MDAlevels were 1.51 0.16 nmol/ml in patients with multiple myeloma and 0.97 0.11 nmol/ml in the control group (P<0.05). We didn't observe a significant relationship between the concentration of MDA and age, sex, paraprotein level, light chain type and hemoglobin levels (p>0.05). Plasma MDA levels were found to be higher in multiple myeloma in comparison to control group (p<0.05). These results are a preliminary report and the higher plasma MDA levels could be an indicator of increased oxidative stress in multiple myeloma

The Relationship of Body Mass Index with Insulin Resistance, hs-CRP, and Lp(a) Levels in Female Gender

Background and Aim:Chronic obesity causes adipose tissue to produce mediators that promote atherogenesis and vascular inflammation, contributing to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in females.Materials and Methods:One hundred thirty-one females participated in the study: 46 morbidly obese, 38 obese, 25 overweight, and 22 normal BMI. To determine insulin resistance, all participants had their HOMA-IR values assessed. As an inflammatory marker, hs-CRP and as a lipid biomarker, Lp(a) were checked.Results:A significant difference in the HOMA-IR was found between the normal and the obese (P = 0.001) and morbidly obese (P = 0.0001) participants. There was also a significant difference in terms of HOMA-IR between the overweight and morbidly obese (P = 0.001) groups. In paired-group comparisons, hs-CRP was found to be significantly different between the normal group and obese (P = 0.001) and morbidly obese (P = 0.0001). Additionally, a significant difference in terms of hs-CRP between the overweight and morbidly obese participants (P = 0.003) was found. When Lp(a) values were compared, there was a significant difference between the normal group and those who were overweight (P = 0.0001), obese (P = 0.0001), and morbidly obese (P = 0.0001). A significant positive correlation of BMI was shown with HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and Lp(a) levels.Conclusion:Elevated BMI in females is related to insulin resistance, elevated hs-CRP, and Lp(a), which confer a residual risk for CVD

Dose-dependent effects of adalimumab in neonatal rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal damage

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has an important role in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced intestinal damage. It was shown that blocking TNF-α with infliximab has beneficial effects on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic intestinal injury. However, there is no data about the effect of adalimumab on H/R-induced intestinal damage. Therefore, we aimed to determine potential dose-dependent benefits of adalimumab in such damage in neonatal rats. Wistar albino rat pups were assigned to one of the four groups: control group, hypoxia group, low-dose adalimumab (5 mg/kg/day) treated group (LDAT), and high-dose adalimumab (50 mg/kg/day) treated group (HDAT). On the fourth day of the experiment, all rats except for the control group were exposed to H/R followed by euthanasia. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant capacity (TOC) were measured in intestinal tissue. TAC and TOC values were used to calculate the oxidative stress index (OSI). Histopathological injury scores (HIS) were also evaluated in the tissue samples. MDA levels were significantly lower in the LDAT and HDAT groups (p < 0.001). TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the LDAT group (p < 0.001). OSI was significantly higher in the H/R group than in the control and LDAT groups (p < 0.001). Mean HIS values in the LDAT group were significantly lower than those in the H/R and HDAT groups (p < 0.001). This experimental study showed that low-dose adalimumab appears to have a beneficial effect on intestinal injury induced with H/R in neonatal rats

Relationship between serum bilirubin levels and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Objective: We investigated the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the longitudinal effects of baseline serum bilirubin concentrations on MetS in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders undergoing atypical antipsychotics. Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 131 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Waist circumference, blood pressure, and levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, and insulin were evaluated at baseline and at month six. Serum bilirubin levels were measured at baseline. Serum bilirubin levels of the patients with and without MetS criteria were compared. We also compared patients with high and low bilirubin levels (upper and lower 50th percentiles of serum bilirubin levels) in terms of MetS criteria, MetS frequency, and course of MetS. Results: Serum direct bilirubin levels were more consistently related to MetS and MetS-related variables. The waist circumference and triglyceride criteria for MetS were significantly related to low serum direct bilirubin at baseline; waist circumference and fasting glucose criteria, and insulin resistance were associated with low serum direct bilirubin at follow-up. MetS diagnosis and the presence of the waist circumference criterion were more frequent at the baseline and the follow-up in low bilirubin group. At the end of the follow-up period, the rate of reverse MetS was significantly higher in the high bilirubin group. Conclusion: Our results have suggested that serum direct bilirubin levels showed a more reliable and stable relationship with abdominal obesity for MetS components.in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using antipsychotics. Further studies are required. Copyright © 2017, Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology

Cadmium Intoxication of Pregnant Rats and Fetuses: Interactions of Copper Supplementation

Background and Aims: Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial and environmental pollutant that was shown to be involved in the development of some diseases. Due to high amounts of Cd in cigarettes, smokers and passive smokers are exposed to high amount of Cd. We aimed to determine whether Copper (Cu) supplementation would have a protective effect against Cd intoxication in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Methods: Experiments were performed on 27 adult female Wistar albino rats divided into three experimental groups. CdCl2, CdCl2 plus CuSO4 and only drinking water was given to different groups for 21 days. We measured cadmium (Cd), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in dams' liver, dams' kidney, fetus liver, fetus kidney, and placenta of rats. Results: In all tissues of Cd and Cd + Cu-treated groups, Cd levels were found to be increased significantly when compared to control group. MDA levels and MPO activities were significantly increased whereas GSH levels, activities of SOD and CAT were decreased in Cd groups when compared to control group. Cu supplementation significantly prevented the increment in MDA levels and brought MPO activities back to control levels or below. Cd-induced reductions in GSH levels and SOD activities were also prevented by Cu supplementation. An increase of CAT activity after Cu supplementation was enough to revert to the control levels in some tissues. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Cu supplementation may have a protective effect against the Cd-induced oxidative stress in liver, kidney and placental tissues of pregnant rats and fetuses. © 2010 IMSS

The nitroxide tempol has similar antioxidant effects as physiological levels of 17β-oestradiol in reversing ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress in mice liver and kidney

Objective: Oestrogen defciency increases oxidative stress postmenopause, while tempol is an intracellular radical scavenger that interferes with the formation or effects of many radicals. We aimed to investigate the effects of oestrogen and tempol on oxidative stress parameters in the kidney and liver of ovariectomized mice. Material and methods: Forty 8-week-old female Bald/c mice were divided into five groups: sham-operated, ovariectomized mice without treatment, ovariectomized mice treated with tempol, ovariectomized mice treated with 17-oestradiol and ovariectomized mice treated with 17-oestradiol and tempol. Oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissues was investigated by measuring 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), reduced glutathione, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. Results: TBA-RS levels were increased and reduced glutathione, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase levels were decreased in the tissues of ovariectomized mice. This effect of ovariectomy on oxidative stress parameters was opposed significantly by the administration of tempol and 17-oestradiol either alone or in combination. Ovariectomy reduced the kidney catalase levels, but the effect was not statistically significant (p0.05). On the other hand, catalase levels were elevated significantly in all treatment groups compared to those of the ovariectomized group (p0.05). Conclusion: These study findings demonstrate that tempol significantly opposes the oxidative stress generated by ovariectomy. This effect, which is evident in remote tissues such as liver and kidney, is comparable to that of physiological levels of oestradiol. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd

Serum fetuin-A levels, insulin resistance and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

This study was designed to determine serum Fetuin-A levels and establish whether serum Fetuin-A level is related with insulin resistance, oxidative stress, ovarian hyperandrogenism and dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Twenty-two patients with PCOS and twenty-one healthy control women were evaluated in this controlled clinical study. Serum Fetuin-A, lipid fractions, glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other hormone (gonadotropins, androgens) levels were measured. The estimate of insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R). The women with PCOS had significantly higher serum fasting glucose, insulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), MDA, Fetuin-A levels, and LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, free androgen index (FAI), HOMA-IR than healthy women. However, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and GSH levels were significantly lower in patients with PCOS compared with controls. Fetuin-A was positively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR and FAI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that FAI was strong predictor of serum Fetuin-A level. Serum Fetuin-A level was related with insulin resistance and ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. These results suggest that Fetuin-A may have a role in triggering the processes leading to insulin resistance and androgen excess in PCOS. © 2013 Informa UK Ltd

A phenomenological comparison of elderly depression and adult depression

Objective: Phenomenological differences which are seen in elderly depression difficulties in the diagnosis of depression in elderly people. In this study, it was aimed to compare the phenomenological features of elderly depression and adult depression. Methods: This study included 40 patients aged 18-60 years with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 40 patients over 60 years of age with major depressive disorder (MDD). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) were applied to the patients. Results: Both groups participating in the study consisted of the patients with moderate depressive symptoms and without psychotic symptoms. There was no difference between the elderly and adult groups with MDD in terms of the HAM-D and HAM-A total scores. The MADRS and BPRS total scores were higher in the elderly group with MDD compared to the adult group with MDD. The HAM-D difficulty in falling asleep, midnight awakening, early morning awakening and hypochondriasis subscores were higher but the HAM-D suicidal ideation subscore was lower in the elderly group with MDD compared to the adult group with MDD. The MADRS total score and the MADRS inner tension and difficulty in sustaining attention subscores were higher but the MADRS suicidal ideation subscore was lower in the elderly group with MDD compared to the adult group with MDD. The rate of the first depressive episode was 40% in the elderly group with MDD and 52.5% in the adult group with MDD, respectively. The history of depression in first-degree relatives was lower in the elderly group with MDD compared to the adult group with MDD. The HAM-D feeling of guilt subscore was lower, however, the HAM-D midnight awakening and early morning awakening subscores were higher in the elderly patients with the first depressive episode compared to the elderly patients with recurrent major depressive episodes. Discussion: Our results show that sleep disturbances, attention problems and hypochondriacal symptoms were higher; however, suicidal ideation was lower in elderly depression compared to adult depression. Our results also show that feeling of guilt in elderly people may give a clue for previous depressive episodes. © 2017, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved

Toxic effects of copper sulfate on the brains of term Hubbard broiler chicks: A stereological and biochemical study

Copper sulfate can cause different pathologies in different organ systems during development. We determined the effects of toxic levels of copper sulfate on brain development in term Hubbard broiler chicks using stereological and biochemical analyses. Hubbard broiler chicken eggs were divided into three groups: controls with no treatment, sham-treated animals and an experimental group. On day 1, 0.1 ml saline was injected into the air chambers of the sham and experimental groups. The experimental group received also 50 μg copper sulfate. At term (day 21), all chick brains were removed and their volumes were determined using the Cavalieri volume estimation. Parallel biochemical analyses were carried out for glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in the brain tissues as indicators of oxidative damage. With copper treatment, the mean brain volume (8079 μm3) was significantly decreased compared to both the control (10075 μm3) and sham (9547 μm3) groups. Copper treatment (143.8 nmol/g tissue) showed significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels compared to the control (293.6 nmol/g tissue) and sham groups (268.8 nmol/g tissue). Copper treatment (404.5 nmol/g tissue) showed significantly increased malondialdehyde levels compared to the control (158.6 nmol/g tissue) and sham (142.8 nmol/g tissue) groups. The morphological and biochemical parameters we measured demonstrated that in term Hubbard broiler chicks, toxic levels of copper sulfate cause developmental and oxidative brain damage. © 2013 The Biological Stain Commission