Non-surgical instrumentation associated with povidone-iodine in the treatment of interproximal furcation involvements

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of topically applied povidone-iodine (PVP-I) used as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of interproximal class II furcation involvements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients presenting at least one interproximal class II furcation involvement that bled on probing with probing pocket depth (PPD) >;5 mm were recruited. Patients were randomly chosen to receive either subgingival instrumentation with an ultrasonic device using PVP-I (10%) as the cooling liquid (test group) or identical treatment using distilled water as the cooling liquid (control group). The following clinical outcomes were evaluated: visible plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), position of the gingival margin, relative attachment level (RAL), PPD and relative horizontal attachment level (RHAL). BAPNA (N-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide) testing was used to analyze trypsin-like activity in dental biofilm. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after non-surgical subgingival instrumentation. RESULTS: Six months after treatment, both groups had similar means of PPD reduction, RAL and RHAL gain (p>;0.05). These variables were, respectively, 2.20±1.10 mm, 1.27±1.02 mm and 1.33±0.85 mm in the control group and 2.67±1.21 mm, 1.50±1.09 mm and 1.56±0.93 mm in the test group. No difference was observed between groups at none of the posttreatment periods, regarding the number of sites showing clinical attachment gain >;2 mm. However, at 6 months posttreatment, the test group presented fewer sites with PPD >;5 mm than the control group. Also at 6 months the test group had lower BAPNA values than control group. CONCLUSION: The use of PVP-I as an adjunct in the non-surgical treatment of interproximal class II furcation involvements provided limited additional clinical benefits

Short-term immunosuppressive therapy does not affect the density of the pre-existing bone around titanium implants placed in rabbits

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da administração de ciclosporina A (CsA)/nifedipina e sua interrupção na densidade óssea em uma região lateral à superfície de implantes de titânio inseridos em coelhos. Dois implantes de titânio comercialmente puros foram inseridos bilateralmente em vinte e oito coelhos. Os animais foram aleatoriamente divididos em um dos seguintes grupos experimentais, recebendo injeções diárias subcutâneas por 14 dias: Grupos A e C: veículo (dimetil sulfóxido); Grupos B e D: CsA (10 mg/kg) e nifedipina (50 mg/kg). Os animais pertencentes aos Grupos A/B e C/D foram sacrificados 14 e 42 dias após a colocação dos implantes, respectivamente. Após o sacrifício, as tíbias foram removidas para a obtenção de secções não-descalcificadas. A densidade óssea foi obtida em uma zona de 500 mm lateral à superfície do implante através de análise histométrica. A análise intergrupo não revelou diferenças para os grupos teste e controle em 14 e 42 dias (p >; 0,05). Dentro dos limites deste estudo podemos concluir que a associação CsA/nifedipina, administrada em um curto prazo, não apresenta uma influência negativa na densidade do osso preexistente ao redor de implantes de titânio inseridos em coelhos.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the administration and withdrawal of cyclosporin A/nifedipine on the bone density in a lateral area adjacent to implants placed in rabbits. Two screw-type titanium implants were placed bilaterally in twenty-eight New Zealand rabbits. The animals were assigned to one of the following groups and received daily subcutaneous injections for 14 days: Groups A and C: vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide); Groups B and D: CsA (10 mg/kg) plus nifedipine (50 mg/kg). The animals in Groups A and B were sacrificed 14 days postoperatively and, in Groups C and D, 42 days postoperatively. After sacrifice, the tibiae were removed and undecalcified sections were obtained. Bone density was obtained in a 500 mm-wide zone lateral to the implant surface. Intergroup analysis showed no significant difference (p >; 0.05) in the degree of bone density between control and test groups either on day 14 or on day 42. Thus, it appears that a short-term immunosuppressive therapy may not present a negative influence on the density of the pre-existing bone around titanium implants placed in rabbits

Estudo comparativo in vitro da rugosidade radicular após instrumentação com ultrassom e pontas sônicas diamantadas

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root surface roughness after instrumentation with hand curette and diamond-coated sonic and universal ultrasonic tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty root surfaces of human teeth were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: control group (without instrumentation), curette instrumentation, ultrasonic instrumentation with universal tip and sonic instrumentation with diamond-coated tip. Each sample was instrumented with fifteen strokes. Before and after instrumentation, surface roughness was measured. In addition, the root surface topography was examined after treatment under the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences (p ;0.05). CONCLUSION: The diamond-coated tip with sonic scaler instrumentation and ultrasonic instrumentation produce similar root surface roughness, higher than curette instrumentation.OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a rugosidade radicular obtida após instrumentação por aparelho sônico com pontas diamantadas, curetas e ultrassom. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Quarenta superfícies radiculares, devidamente polidas e incluídas em resina acrílica, foram dividas em 4 grupos de tratamento: grupo controle (sem instrumentação) e instrumentação com cureta Gracey 5/6, ultrassom ou aparelho sônico com ponta diamantada. Em cada amostra foram realizados 15 movimentos de raspagem. Antes e após esta instrumentação foi utilizado um rugosímetro para a medição da rugosidade radicular. Além disso, a topografia da superfície radicular foi avaliada após o tratamento com microscopia eletrônica de varredura. RESULTADOS: Diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p;0.05). CONCLUSÃO: A instrumentação sônica com pontas diamantadas promove uma rugosidade radicular equivalente à instrumentação com ultrassom, sendo essa rugosidade superior àquela apresentada pela instrumentação manual

Avaliação histométrica da ação local da calcitonina de salmão no processo de reparo ósseo: estudo em ratos

Neste estudo avaliou-se histometricamente a ação local da calcitonina de salmão em defeitos ósseos provocados cirurgicamente em fêmur de ratos. As avaliações foram feitas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após o ato cirúrgico. Não se observou diferenças estatísticas aos 7 dias, entretanto no período de 14 dias houve diferenças com maior formação óssea no grupo tratado. No período de 21 dias, em ambos os grupos, não foi possível diferenciar o tecido ósseo neoformado e o adjacente. Os resultados demonstraram, que o efeito da calcitonina foi observado somente no início do processo de reparo dos defeitos ósseos criados cirurgicamente.The purpose of the present study was to histometrically evaluate the effects of salmon calcitonin on the bone healing of surgically created bone defects in rats. The animals were sacrificed 7, 14 and 21 days after the surgical procedure. After the 7- and 21-day periods, differences between the experimental and control groups were not observed (P >; 0.01). After the 14-day period, a larger amount of new bone was observed in the experimental group (P < 0.01). Thus, within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that although salmon calcitonin positively participated in the initial phase of bone healing, it did not result in a larger amount of new bone at the end of the experimental period

Obesity and periodontal disease: why suggest such relationship? An overview

Obesity is a chronic condition that has social and economic implications for public health. It can be associated with periodontal disease since the metabolic alterations observed in that condition could have some influence in immunity. The elevated levels of lipid and glucose can be associated with periodontal disease, contributing to an exacerbated host inflammatory response, alterations in neutrophil function, and with the inhibition of macrophage growth factors, reducing tissuehealing capacity. In this way, obese individuals could have higher chances of undergoing tissue destruction in the presence of periodontal infection. On the other hand, periodontitis may be involved in alterations of lipid metabolism, since gram-negative bacteria could promote a rise in cholesterol and triglyceride levels due to chronic exposure to low levels of LPS in circulating blood, leading to the production of cytokines, which could initiate the production of lipoproteins by the liver. The objective was to review the literature about obesity and periodontal disease and provide a better understanding of their relationship

Obesity and periodontal disease: why suggest such relationship? An overview

is a chronic condition that has social and economic implications for public health. It can be associated with periodontal disease since the metabolic alterations observed in that condition could have some influence in immunity. The elevated levels of lipid and glucose can be associated with periodontal disease, contributing to an exacerbated host inflammatory response, alterations in neutrophil function, and with the inhibition of macrophage growth factors, reducing tissuehealing capacity. In this way, obese individuals could have higher chances of undergoing tissue destruction in the presence of periodontal infection. On the other hand, periodontitis may be involved in alterations of lipid metabolism, since gram-negative bacteria could promote a rise in cholesterol and triglyceride levels due to chronic exposure to low levels of LPS in circulating blood, leading to the production of cytokines, which could initiate the production of lipoproteins by the liver. The objective was to review the literature about obesity and periodontal disease and provide a better understanding of their relationship

Hyaluronan does not improve bone healing in critical size calvarial defects in rats - A radiographic evaluation

Aim: This study evaluated radiographically the effects of 1% hyaluronan in bone healing using a critical size rat-calvaria defect model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. Two 6-mm-diameter critical-size defects were created and the treatments were randomly distributed as follows: 1) 1% hyaluronan; 2) 1% hyaluronan soak loaded onto an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier; 3) saline; and 4) ACS alone. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks when biopsies were collected and radiographs obtained using a direct digital radiograph system and a standardized protocol. A blind examiner evaluated the radiographic density of the images twice and an intraclass correlation was performed to evaluate examiner reproducibility (R2=0.99, p<0.001). Comparisons between 4 and 8 weeks of treatment were performed by Student′s t test and comparisons between treatments and time by two-way ANOVA at 5% significance level. Results: There were no noteworthy differences between 4 or 8 weeks within each treatment group (p>0.05). When treatments were compared no significant differences between groups were found (p>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that 1% hyaluronan gel alone or its association with a carrier does not improve bone healing

Hyaluronan does not improve bone healing in critical size calvarial defects in rats - a radiographic evaluation

is study evaluated radiographically the effects of 1% hyaluronan in bone healing using a critical size rat-calvaria defect model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. Two 6-mm-diameter critical-size defects were created and the treatments were randomly distributed as follows: 1) 1% hyaluronan; 2) 1% hyaluronan soak loaded onto an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier; 3) saline; and 4) ACS alone. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks when biopsies were collected and radiographs obtained using a direct digital radiograph system and a standardized protocol. A blind examiner evaluated the radiographic density of the images twice and an intraclass correlation was performed to evaluate examiner reproducibility (R2=0.99, p0.05). When treatments were compared no significant differences between groups were found (p>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that 1% hyaluronan gel alone or its association with a carrier does not improve bone healing

Assessment Of Ultrasonic Root Surface Scaling With Different Power Settings Roughness Evaluation

Ultrasonic and curette instrumentation produces a rougher root surface which could be influenced by working parameters such as instrumentation time, pressure and tip angulations. Thus, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate root roughness after ultrasonic instrumentation with different power settings and compared it to curette instrumentation. Ninety extracted human teeth were assigned to one of five groups: control group (without instrumentation), curette instrumentation, ultrasonic instrumentation with low, medium, and high power. Before and after instrumentation, surface roughness was measured with a profilometer and the surfaces were examined under the SEM. The mean roughness values of the treated roots were higher than the non-treated roots (0.40+0.08mm). Roots treated by ultrasonic instrumentation had higher roughness means than roots treated by curettes (1.120+0.241mm). Among ultrasonic groups, the higher power setting produced the higher roughness mean (1.58+0.23mm), which was significantly higher than the roughness obtained with the low power setting (1.39+0.18mm). These findings show that ultrasonic instrumentation with a high power setting produced a rougher root surface than ultrasonic instrumentation with a lower power setting. In addition, manual instrumentation with curettes produced lower roughness than ultrasonic instrumentation independent of power setting517996-100