36 research outputs found
Isolation and characterization of novel plekhm1 and def8 mutant alleles in Drosophila
Lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components by autophagy ensures the continuous turnover of proteins and organelles and aids cellular survival during nutrient deprivation and other stress conditions. Lysosomal targeting of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles requires the concerted action of several proteins and multisubunit complexes. The core components of this machinery are conserved from yeast to humans and many of them are well-characterized; however, novel molecular players have been recently discovered and are waiting for detailed analysis. The osteopetrosis-linked PLEKHM1 protein is a lysosomal adaptor involved in autophagosome and endosome to lysosome fusion events and its role in lysosomal positioning in osteoclasts was reported together with its proposed binding partner, the relatively uncharacterized DEF8 protein. Here, we report the generation and subsequent analysis of novel mutant alleles of Drosophila plekhm1 and def8. Interestingly, the CRISPR-generated null mutations of these genes do not have any obvious effects on autophagy in Drosophila tissues, even though RNAi knockdown of these genes seems to perturb autophagy. Although these results are quite surprising and raise the possibility of compensatory changes in the case of null mutants, the new alleles will be valuable tools in future studies to understand the cellular functions of Drosophila Plekhm1 and Def8 proteins
Adatszerkezet a kognitĂv szemantikai elmĂ©letekben = Data structure in cognitive semantic theories
A kutatĂĄs metaelmĂ©leti cĂ©lkitƱzĂ©sĂ©nek megfelelĆen sikeresen tovĂĄbbfejlesztettĂŒk Ă©s a kognitĂv szemantikĂĄra alkalmaztuk a plauzibilis Ă©rvelĂ©s p-modelljĂ©t, mely Ășj megvilĂĄgĂtĂĄsba helyezte a kognitĂv szemantika adatfogalmĂĄt. Ily mĂłdon teljesĂŒlt az a cĂ©lkitƱzĂ©s, hogy eredeti megoldĂĄst nyĂșjtsunk a kutatĂĄsi tervben felvetett problĂ©mĂĄkra. Ezen cĂ©lkitƱzĂ©s elĂ©rĂ©sĂ©ben â a kutatĂĄsi tervnek megfelelĆen â jelentĆs szerep jutott az elvĂ©gzett nagy szĂĄmĂș esettanulmĂĄnynak. Az esettanulmĂĄnyok kĂ©tfajta eredmĂ©nnyel jĂĄrtak. EgyrĂ©szt alĂĄtĂĄmasztottĂĄk a p-modell mƱködĆkĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©t Ă©s a kognitĂv szemantika adatkezelĂ©sĂ©re valĂł alkalmazhatĂłsĂĄgĂĄt. Többek között tisztĂĄztĂĄk a fogalmi metaforaelmĂ©let cirkularitĂĄsĂĄnak kĂ©rdĂ©sĂ©t, kimutattĂĄk, hogy a kognitĂv metaforakutatĂĄsban alkalmazott kĂsĂ©rletek plauzibilis Ă©rvelĂ©si folyamatokkĂ©nt rekonstruĂĄlhatĂłk, Ă©s feltĂĄrtĂĄk a kognitĂv szemantikĂĄban gyakran alkalmazott gondolatkĂsĂ©rletek szerkezetĂ©t. MĂĄsfelĆl az esettanulmĂĄnyok eredmĂ©nyei olyan kĂ©rdĂ©seket is felvetettek, amelyek kijelölik a kutatĂĄsok folytatĂĄsĂĄnak irĂĄnyĂĄt. | In accordance with the aim of the project, we applied the p-model of plausible argumentation to cognitive semantics which shed new light on the nature of data in cognitive linguistics. Therefore, the project suggested novel solutions to the problems raised in the proposal. In meeting this requirement â in accordance with the proposal â a great number of case studies played a significant role. The case studies yielded two kinds of results. First, they supported the workability of the p-model and its applicability to data processing in cognitive semantics. Among others, they clarified the issue of the circularity of the conceptual metaphor theory; they showed that experiments in cognitive metaphor research can be reconstructed as processes of plausible argumentation; and they revealed the structure of thought experiments frequently applied in cognitive semantics. Second, the results of the case studies also raised questions which pave the way for the continuation of the research
Citokinellenes terĂĄpia az Ășj tĂpusĂș koronavĂrus okozta megbetegedĂ©s (COVIDâ19) kezelĂ©sĂ©ben â tocilizumab elsĆkĂ©nt valĂł alkalmazĂĄsa egy hazai infektolĂłgiai osztĂĄlyon (A COVIDâ19-pandĂ©mia orvosszakmai kĂ©rdĂ©sei)
During the past few months, a pandemic originating from China named new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has shown how vulnerable the world is. To date, no medication supported by randomized clinical trials has been approved for the treatment of COVID-19. At the time of writing of this paper, severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible - according to modest estimations - for around 4 million of infections and 300 000 deaths. Unveiling details of patomechanism, in fatal cases the role of immune dysregulation, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) has been discovered. Based on the current knowledge, interleukin-6 (IL6) plays a pivotal role in COVID-19 associated CRS. Case reports and result of small case series suggest efficacy of an IL6 inhibitor monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab) in treating CRS. Authors describe a case and review recent knowledge on the treatment of COVID-19. To our knowledge, the first case of severe COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome - treated succesfully with IL6 monoclocal antibody at a Hungarian department of infectology - is presented here. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(26): 1070-1077
Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with human directed social behavior in dogs (Canis familiaris)
The oxytocin system has a crucial role in human sociality;
several results prove that polymorphisms of the oxytocin
receptor gene are related to complex social behaviors in humans.
Dogs' parallel evolution with humans and their adaptation to the
human environment has made them a useful species to model human
social interactions. Previous research indicates that dogs are
eligible models for behavioral genetic research, as well. Based
on these previous findings, our research investigated
associations between human directed social behaviors and two
newly described (â212AG, 19131AG) and one known (rs8679684)
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions
(5âČ and 3âČ UTR) of the oxytocin receptor gene in German Shepherd
(N = 104) and Border Collie (N = 103) dogs. Dogs' behavior
traits have been estimated in a newly developed test series
consisting of five episodes: Greeting by a stranger, Separation
from the owner, Problem solving, Threatening approach, Hiding of
the owner. Buccal samples were collected and DNA was isolated
using standard protocols. SNPs in the 3âČ and 5âČ UTR regions were
analyzed by polymerase chain reaction based techniques followed
by subsequent electrophoresis analysis. The geneâbehavior
association analysis suggests that oxytocin receptor gene
polymorphisms have an impact in both breeds on (i) proximity
seeking towards an unfamiliar person, as well as their owner,
and on (ii) how friendly dogs behave towards strangers, although
the mediating molecular regulatory mechanisms are yet unknown.
Based on these results, we conclude that similarly to humans,
the social behavior of dogs towards humans is influenced by the
oxytocin system