Medieval pattern coin from Esztergom

A rare and yet unpublished pattern coin was found near the city of Esztergom. The exact date and place are still in question. The importance of the pattern coin is yet highly significant in getting to know the coinage system of Hungary in the 12th century. This is a problematic age in the medieval coin manufacturing of the kingdom, due to the lack of written sources and coin legends referring to the system. Minting tools are also rarely known from the era, as they had always been treated with great attention throughout the history of coinage, and had been guarded well, in order not to make it possible to use them against the will of the legal minting authority

Late medieval finds from Kisnémedi Church Hill

Small metal finds and coins were discovered on the Church Hill near Kisnémedi. Besides seven Prague groschen from the early 14th century the find included a Friesacher Pfennig, two rings and four bronze buckles. The dating of the small metal finds from the Church Hill fits perfectly into the preconceptions of the previous archaeological examinations. The earliest items are from the 13th, the latest from the 14–16th century. The buckle and ring types occurring among the finds are usual in the late medieval cemeteries and towns. The stray medieval coins, on the other hand, are not the types commonly placed in graves with the dead. As Vány was desolated during the 16th century, the supposed modern age coin is a lost item separate from the town

LEADER akciócsoportok intézményesülése Európában és Magyarországon

Az írás bemutatja a LEADER program születésének és fejlődésének különböző fázisait. Alapvetően szakirodalmi adatok alapján rámutat a magyarországi helyi akciócsoportok fejlődésének néhány olyan anomáliájára, amelyek nem biztos hogy pozitívan befolyásolták a program hazai végrehajtását

Strategies of Neuroprotection after Successful Resuscitation

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) incorporates post-cardiac arrest brain injury, post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction, systemic ischemia/reperfusion syndrome and the precipitating pathology. Brain injury remains the leading cause of death in the post-cardiac arrest period. One of our main goals during post-resuscitation care is to guide a proper neuroprotective strategy. We are going to summarize the tools of neuroprotection in post-cardiac arrest therapy. The role of normoxia/normocapnia, normoglycemia, seizure control, sedation and pharmacologic strategies will be discussed in brief. The handling of temperature management and the management of hemodynamic variables to secure satisfactory cerebral perfusion will be worked out in details. Targeted temperature management is the main tool of neuroprotection in post-cardiac arrest therapy. We are going to conclude the principles of temperature control after successful resuscitation pointing out its beneficial effects. This method has also several complications that are going to be discussed highlighting its hemodynamic impacts. There is no evidence about target hemodynamic parameters during post-cardiac arrest syndrome to maintain cerebral perfusion neither about the most effective hemodynamic monitoring system. We are presenting preliminary data of our study where we investigate the effect of PiCCO™ (Pulse index Continous Cardiac Output) monitoring on the outcome in this patient group