35 research outputs found

    Middleware for the Internet of Things, Design Goals and Challenges

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    As the number of wireless devices increases and their size becomes smaller, there can be more interaction between everyday objects of our life. With advances in RFID chips and the introduction of new generations of these devices that are smaller and cheaper, it is possible to put a wireless interface on almost all everyday objects: vehicles, clothes, foodstuffs, etc. This concept is called the \textit{Internet of Things}. Interaction with thousands of wireless devices leads to a continuous and massive flow of events which are generated spontaneously. The question of how to deal with this enormous number of events is challenging and introduces new design goals for a communication mechanism. In this paper we argue that a middleware together with suitable linguistic abstractions is a proper solution. We also point out the challenges in developing this middleware. Moreover, we give an overview of recent related work and describe why they fail to address these challenges

    Gaussian Processes for Monitoring Air-Quality in Kampala

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    Monitoring air pollution is of vital importance to the overall health of the population. Unfortunately, devices that can measure air quality can be expensive, and many cities in low and middle-income countries have to rely on a sparse allocation of them. In this paper, we investigate the use of Gaussian Processes for both nowcasting the current air-pollution in places where there are no sensors and forecasting the air-pollution in the future at the sensor locations. In particular, we focus on the city of Kampala in Uganda, using data from AirQo's network of sensors. We demonstrate the advantage of removing outliers, compare different kernel functions and additional inputs. We also compare two sparse approximations to allow for the large amounts of temporal data in the dataset

    Computer Science Education in Selected Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa

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    Computer Science education in sub-Saharan Africa has evolved over the past decades. The number of institutions offering distinct undergraduate programs has grown, thus increasing the number of students enrolling in the computer science discipline. Several computer science degree programs have emerged with one of the objectives being to satisfy the growing demand for local talent and skills. In this paper, we provide a snapshot of the evolution of undergraduate computer science education in selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa over the past 20+ years and an overview of the developments in computer science education and observed trends. The setup of educational institutions in Africa and the operational context requires unique modalities for the design and delivery of computer science education that meets the demands of the industry, amongst others. This paper provides insights into the best practices in the computer science curricula in the selected countries, as well as an overview of the pedagogical and delivery approaches to computer science education. The paper highlights case studies from institutions in the selected countries, namely Uganda, South Africa, Ghana, Tanzania, and Kenya with a consolidated summary of the current and emerging challenges and opportunities in all these countries. The paper concludes by providing persectives on the future landscape of computer science in Sub-Saharan Africa.Computer Science Education in Selected Countries from Sub-Saharan AfricaBy Engineer Bainomugisha, Makerere University, Uganda, Karen Bradshaw, Rhodes University, South Africa, Martin Mabeifam Ujakpa, Ghana Communication Technology University, Ghana, Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende, Makerere University, Uganda, Lawrence Nderu, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Neema Mduma, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tanzania, Patrick Kihoza, Mzumbe University, Tanzania and Annette Irungu, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Keny

    Calculational Verification of Reactive Programs with Reactive Relations and Kleene Algebra

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    Reactive programs are ubiquitous in modern applications, and so verification is highly desirable. We present a verification strategy for reactive programs with a large or infinite state space utilising algebraic laws for reactive relations. We define novel operators to characterise interactions and state updates, and an associated equational theory. With this we can calculate a reactive program’s denotational semantics, and thereby facilitate automated proof. Of note is our reasoning support for iterative programs with reactive invariants, which is supported by Kleene algebra. We illustrate our strategy by verifying a reactive buffer. Our laws and strategy are mechanised in Isabelle/UTP, which provides soundness guarantees, and practical verification support

    Design Considerations for a Distributed Low-Cost Air Quality Sensing System for Urban Environments in Low-Resource Settings

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    With rapid urbanization, hazardous environmental exposures such as air, noise, plastic, soil and water pollution have emerged as a major threat to urban health. Recent studies show that 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe contaminated air contributing to over 7 million premature deaths annually. Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based environmental sensing and modelling systems have potential for contributing low-cost and effective solutions by providing timely data and insights to inform mitigation and management actions. While low and middleincome countries are among those most affected by environmental health risks, the appropriateness and deployment of IoT and AI systems in low-resource settings is least understood. Motivated by this knowledge gap, this paper presents a design space for a custom environmental sensing and management system designed and developed to fill the data gaps in low-resource urban settings with a particular focus on African cities. The paper presents the AirQo system, which is the first instance of the design space requirements. The AirQo system includes: (1) autonomous AirQo sensors designed and customised to be deployed in resource constrained environments (2) a distributed sensor network that includes over 120 static and mobile nodes for air quality sensing (3) AirQo network manager tool for tracking and management of installation and maintenance of nodes, (4) AirQo platform that provides calibration, data access and analytics tools to support usage among policy makers and citizens. Case studies from African cities that are using the data and insights for education, awareness and policy are presented. The paper provides a template for designing and deploying a technology-driven solution for cities in low resource settings

    Emerging Software Engineering Research Networks in (East) Africa

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