Genera of the bee tribe Reedapini (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

Those bees classified in the genera Reedapis Michener and Cephalocolletes Michener are discussed and organized into a new tribe, Reedapini Engel. In addition, three species formerly classified in Cephalocolletes are removed to two new genera: Lonchopriscus Engel, new genus, with the species Lonchopriscus crassipunctatus (Urban), new combination, and Cactocolletes Engel, new genus, for Cactocolletes isabelae (Urban), new combination, and C. rugatus (Urban), new combination. The tribe and its constituent genera are diagnosed, and a key is provided for the identification of the latter along with their included species

Ring Strongly k-Engel π-Reguler

Ring -regular merupakan salah satu pengembangan konsep pada struktur aljabar. Suatu elemen disebut strongly -regular jika terdapat suatu bilangan bulat positif dan elemen sedemikian sehingga . Jika setiap elemen di merupakan strongly -regular, maka disebut strongly -regular. Suatu elemen disebut strongly -Engel -regular jika terdapat suatu bilangan bulat positif dan elemen sedemikian sehingga [ ] [ ] [ ] . Jika setiap elemen di merupakan strongly -Engel -regular, maka disebut strongly -Engel -regular

Predicting Proton-Air Cross Sections at sqrt s ~30 TeV, using Accelerator and Cosmic Ray Data

We use the high energy predictions of a QCD-inspired parameterization of all accelerator data on forward proton-proton and antiproton-proton scattering amplitudes, along with Glauber theory, to predict proton-air cross sections at energies near \sqrt s \approx 30 TeV. The parameterization of the proton-proton cross section incorporates analyticity and unitarity, and demands that the asymptotic proton is a black disk of soft partons. By comparing with the p-air cosmic ray measurements, our analysis results in a constraint on the inclusive particle production cross section.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, uses epsfig.sty, 5 postscript figures. Minor text revisions. Systematic errors in k included, procedure for extracting k clarified. Previously undefined symbols now define

Comparación del Gasto de los hogares colombianos entre 1997 y 2003, según resultados de encuestas de calidad de vida: magnitud, composición y distribu

El propósito de este estudio es analizar el cambio en magnitud, composición y distribución del gasto de los hogares en los años 1997 y 2003, usando las encuestas de calidad de vida. Este análisis encuentra una gran disminución del gasto per cápita (23.9%), especialmente en zonas urbanas y regiones más adelantadas, reflejo de la crisis económica que golpea al país desde 1998. Este decrecimiento desigual generó una mejor distribución en el 2003 y ocasionó un cambio en la estructura de gastos, llevando a un importante crecimiento de la proporción de los gastos en alimentos y una disminución de los gastos de educación y salud. En el documento se utilizó estadística descriptiva, discriminando por quintiles de cada región y clase (urbano rural). Posteriormente se realizaron estimaciones paramétricas y no paramétricas de las curvas de Engel, para cada rubro, con el fin de identificar su naturaleza.*************************************************************************************************************The purpose of this study is to analyze the change in magnitude, composition and distribution of the household's expenditure in 1997 and 2003, using quality of life surveys. The analysis shows a decrease in the per capita expenditure (23,9%), specially in rural zones and richer regions, which reflects the economic recession that the country lives since 1998. This unequal decrease leads to a better distribution and a change in the expenditure structure where the portion of foodexpenses increase while the education and health ones reduces. In the paper we use descriptive statistics taking into acount the quantiles by region and zones (rural and urban). Then, we make parametric and non-parametric estimations of the Engel curve for each group of commodities in order to identify their nature.Gasto de los Hogares, magnitud, composición, distribución, curvas de Engel

Notes on family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

This is the published version.Corrected authorships and dates are provided for four family-group names for bees based on previously unrecognized earlier usages that made them nomenclatorially available. Sagemehl is newly recognized as the author of family-group names based on Dasypoda Latreille (Melittidae: Dasypodainae), Macropis Panzer (Melittidae: Macropidinae), and Hylaeus Fabricius (Colletidae: Hylaeinae), and Kawall as the author the family-group name based on Melitta Kirby, thereby taking precedence over the subsequent use of similar names by Börner, Robertson, Viereck, and Schenck, respectively. In addition, descriptions are provided for three new family-group taxa; Dieunomiini Engel, new tribe (Halictidae: Nomiinae), Eremaphantina Engel, new subtribe (Melittidae: Hesperapini), and Tarsaliini Engel, new tribe (Apidae: Apinae); and one new genus-group taxon, Eremaphantella Engel, new subgenus

Revision of the bee genus Chlerogella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Part IV: A new species from southwestern Colombia

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/melittology/article/view/4736.A new species of the diverse augochlorine bee genus Chlerogella Michener (Halictinae: Augochlorini) is described and figured from southwestern Colombia. Chlerogella anchicaya Engel, Gonzalez, & Hinojosa-Díaz, new species, is similar to C. agaylei Engel and C. materdonnae Engel, both occurring on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. There are also some similarities with C. eumorpha Engel from the western Andean foothills in northern Ecuador, but differences in rostral length and male terminalia can distinguish these species. Revised couplets are provided to the South American species of Chlerogella to permit identification of the new species