261 research outputs found
In Memoriam: Donald Burton Baker (1922â2004).
This is the publisher's version, copyright by Akademie Verlag.No abstract is available for this item
A randomised trial of a medium-chain TAG diet as treatment for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Despite appropriate antiepileptic drug treatment, approximately one-third of humans and dogs with epilepsy continue experiencing seizures, emphasising the importance for new treatment strategies to improve the quality of life of people or dogs with epilepsy. A 6-month prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over dietary trial was designed to compare a ketogenic medium-chain TAG diet (MCTD) with a standardised placebo diet in chronically antiepileptic drug-treated dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Dogs were fed either MCTD or placebo diet for 3 months followed by a subsequent respective switch of diet for a further 3 months. Seizure frequency, clinical and laboratory data were collected and evaluated for twenty-one dogs completing the study. Seizure frequency was significantly lower when dogs were fed the MCTD (2·31/month, 0â9·89/month) in comparison with the placebo diet (2·67/month, 0·33â22·92/month, P=0·020); three dogs achieved seizure freedom, seven additional dogs had â„50 % reduction in seizure frequency, five had an overall <50 % reduction in seizures (38·87 %, 35·68â43·27 %) and six showed no response. Seizure day frequency were also significantly lower when dogs were fed the MCTD (1·63/month, 0â7·58/month) in comparison with the placebo diet (1·69/month, 0·33â13·82/month, P=0·022). Consumption of the MCTD also resulted in significant elevation of blood ÎČ-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in comparison with placebo diet (0·041 (sd 0·004) v. 0·031 (sd 0·016) mmol/l, P=0·028). There were no significant changes in serum concentrations of glucose (P=0·903), phenobarbital (P=0·422), potassium bromide (P=0·404) and weight (P=0·300) between diet groups. In conclusion, the data show antiepileptic properties associated with ketogenic diets and provide evidence for the efficacy of the MCTD used in this study as a therapeutic option for epilepsy treatment
The Human Blood Transcriptome in a Large Population Cohort and Its Relation to Aging and Health
Background: The blood transcriptome is expected to provide a detailed picture of
an organismâs physiological state with potential outcomes for applications in medical
diagnostics and molecular and epidemiological research.We here present the analysis of
blood specimens of 3,388 adult individuals, together with phenotype characteristics such
as disease history, medication status, lifestyle factors, and body mass index (BMI). The
size and heterogeneity of this data challenges analytics in terms of dimension reduction,
knowledge mining, feature extraction, and data integration.
Methods: Self-organizing maps (SOM)-machine learning was applied to study
transcriptional states on a population-wide scale. This method permits a detailed
description and visualization of the molecular heterogeneity of transcriptomes and of
their association with different phenotypic features.
Results: The diversity of transcriptomes is described by personalized SOM-portraits,
which specify the samples in terms of modules of co-expressed genes of different
functional context. We identified two major blood transcriptome types where type
1 was found more in men, the elderly, and overweight people and it upregulated
genes associated with inflammation and increased heme metabolism, while type 2 was
predominantly found in women, younger, and normal weight participants and it was
associated with activated immune responses, transcriptional, ribosomal, mitochondrial,
and telomere-maintenance cell-functions. We find a striking overlap of signatures shared
by multiple diseases, aging, and obesity driven by an underlying common pattern, which
was associated with the immune response and the increase of inflammatory processes.
Conclusions: Machine learning applications for large and heterogeneous omics data
provide a holistic view on the diversity of the human blood transcriptome. It provides a
tool for comparative analyses of transcriptional signatures and of associated phenotypes
in population studies and medical applications
Safety assessment of the substance (butadiene, styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate) copolymer cross-linked with divinylbenzene or 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate for use in food contact materials
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Safety assessment of the process âEREMA Recycling (MPR, Basic and Advanced technologies)â, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials
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Safety assessment of the substance phosphorous acid, mixed 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl and 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl triesters for use in food contact materials
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Safety assessment of the mixture of methyl-branched and linear C14âC18 alkanamides, derived from fatty acids, for use in food contact materials
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Safety assessment of the process âPEGRA-Vâ, based on Starlinger IV+Âź technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials
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