Motivation and pupil participation in physical education

Bacheloroppgave folkehelse, 2013Forfatter: Lars Christian Engebretsen Oppgavens tittel: Motivasjon og elevmedvirkning i kroppsøving Problemstilling: Hvordan er holdningen blant 10. klasseelever til kroppsøvingsfaget, og hvordan kan elevmedvirkning være et verktøy for deres deltakelse og motivasjon til faget? Metode: I denne oppgaven er kvantitativ metode benyttet. Innsamlingen av data har blitt gjort ved et spørreskjema utarbeidet med lukkede og åpne spørsmål. Resultat: Kroppsøving er et fag alle har et forhold til. Holdningene varier i stor skala, fra det positive til det negative. Indre motivasjon og en tilhørighet til kroppsøvingsfaget viser seg å være en viktig faktor for deltakelse, ved at elever får bidra og være med i planleggingsprosessen. Indre motiverte holdninger er også verdier en er tjent med å ta med seg videre i livet. Holdningsforskjellene i faget må bli tatt på alvor ettersom det er elever som mistrives. Dette strider imot formålet med kroppsøving som skal føre til et godt forhold til fysisk aktivitet, for i et folkehelseperspektiv er både samfunnet og individ tjent med dette. Karakterer bidrar som en stor del mistrivselen og derfor er et punkt som burde vurderes

Biological treatment of the knee with platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrates

ABSTRACT — Knee pathologies including focal cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis (OA), and ligament injuries are common. The poor regeneration and healing potential of cartilage has led to the search for other treatment modalities with improved healing capacity. Furthermore, with an increasing elderly population that desires to remain active, the burden of knee pathologies is expected to increase. Increased sports participation and the desire to return to activities faster is also demanding more effective and minimally invasive treatment options. Thus, the use of biologic agents in the treatment of knee pathologies has emerged as a potential option. Despite the increasing use of biologic agents for knee pathology, there are conflicting results on the efficacy of these products. Furthermore, strong data supporting the optimal preparation methods and composition for widely used biologic agents, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), largely remain absent from the literature. This review presents the literature on the most commonly employed biologic agents for the different knee pathologies

The Scandinavian ACL registries 2004–2007: baseline epidemiology

Background and purpose No prospective surveillance systems have been available for monitoring the outcome of cruciate ligament surgery in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden). In the present paper we describe the Scandinavian ACL registries including their main function, similarities, and preliminary baseline results

Olympic Games 2010 Sports injuries and illnesses during the Winter

ABSTRACT Background Identifi cation of high-risk sports, including their most common and severe injuries and illnesses, will facilitate the identifi cation of sports and athletes at risk at an early stage

Use of bisphosphonates for the treatment of stress fractures in athletes

金沢大学附属病院整形外科A literature review was performed to investigate the potential role of bisphosphonates for the treatment of stress fractures in athletes. Given the inhibitory action on osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, short-term suppression of bone remodeling using bisphosphonates could potentially treat stress fractures and prevent stress fractures from becoming regular fractures. To date, while there are some animal studies showing the scientific basis of bisphosphonates on stress fractures, there is still no conclusive evidence to prove any effect of bisphosphonates on stress fracture healing in humans. Further well-designed clinical trials should be carried out to establish their usefulness and safety. Until the results are available, it is prudent to limit the use of bisphosphonates for the treatment of stress fractures. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.

Need to optimise infant feeding counselling: A cross-sectional survey among HIV-positive mothers in Eastern Uganda

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The choice of infant feeding method is important for HIV-positive mothers in order to optimise the chance of survival of their infants and to minimise the risk of HIV transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate feeding practices, including breastfeeding, in the context of PMTCT for infants and children under two years of age born to HIV-positive mothers in Uganda.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In collaboration with The Aids Support Organisation Mbale, we conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 235 HIV-positive mothers in Uganda. Infant feeding practices, reasons for stopping breastfeeding, and breast health problems were studied. Breastfeeding duration was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method based on retrospective recall.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Breastfeeding was initiated by most of the mothers, but 20 of them (8.5%) opted exclusively for replacement feeding. Pre-lacteal feeding was given to 150 (64%) infants and 65 (28%) practised exclusive breastfeeding during the first three days. One-fifth of the infants less than 6 months old were exclusively breastfed, the majority being complementary fed including breast milk. The median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.5 to 12.5). Adjusted Cox regression analysis indicated that a mother's education, socio-economic status, participation in the PMTCT-program and her positive attitude to breastfeeding exclusively, were all associated with a reduction in breastfeeding duration. Median duration was 3 months (95% CI 0–10.2) among the most educated mothers, and 18 months (95% CI 15.0–21.0) among uneducated mothers. Participation in the PMTCT program and being socio-economically better-off were also associated with earlier cessation of breastfeeding (9 months [95% CI 7.2–10.8] vs. 14 months [95% CI 10.8–17.2] and 8 months [95% CI 5.9–10.1] vs. 17 months [95% CI 15.2–18.8], respectively). The main reasons for stopping breastfeeding were reported as: advice from health workers, maternal illness, and the HIV-positive status of the mother.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Exclusive breastfeeding was uncommon. Exclusive replacement feeding was practised by few HIV-positive mothers. Well-educated mothers, mothers who were socio-economically better-off and PMTCT-attendees had the shortest durations of breastfeeding. Further efforts are needed to optimise infant feeding counselling and to increase the feasibility of the recommendations.</p

An isolated rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament results in reduced preoperative knee function in comparison with an anterior cruciate ligament injury

Abstract Purpose To investigate differences in preoperative knee function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, KOOS), the time period from injury to surgery, and associated injuries when comparing primary isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. Methods Isolated primary ACL and PCL reconstructions registered in the Norwegian National Knee Ligament Registry from 2004 through 2010 were included (n = 71 primary PCLs and 9,649 primary ACLs). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the preoperative KOOS subscale values. Results The preoperative KOOS in the PCL group (n = 71) and ACL group (n = 9,649) was significantly different for the subscales symptoms (mean difference, -8.4; 95 % CI: -12.8 to -4.0), pain (mean difference, -15.9; 95 % CI: -20.3 to -11.4), activities of daily living (mean difference, -12.9; 95 % CI: -17.4 to -8.4), sport and recreation (mean difference, -15.9; 95 % CI: -22.6 to -9.3), and quality of life (mean difference, -7.9; 95 % CI: -12.4 to -3.5). The primary isolated PCL-reconstructed knees had a median time from injury to surgery of 21 months in comparison with 8 months for ACL injuries. The ACL-injured knees had more associated injuries (meniscus and full-thickness cartilage lesions) than the PCL-injured knees. Conclusion Surgically treated knees with an isolated rupture of the PCL exhibited worse knee function preoperatively compared with knees with an isolated ACL injury; in addition, the delay to surgery was longer. Meniscal lesions were found more frequently in ACL-injured knees. Level of evidence Prospective cohort study, evidence Level I