Dellafossite CuAlO2 film growth and conversion to Cu–Al2O3 metal ceramic composite via control of annealing atmospheres

In this work we demonstrate simple techniques to form well crystallised CuAlO2 powders and thick films from CuO and boehmite or alumina, using a novel molten salt painting process. We examine the formation mechanism using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray 15 spectroscopy and in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction and find that the annealing atmosphere plays a critical role. From this we develop a method to create Cu-Al2O3 conductive metal-ceramic composite materials with novel morphologies via the thermal decomposition of CuAlO2 precursor films

Compressive Strength and Workability of Normal Concrete Mixed Beton Mix With and Without Water Reduction

Abstract. The problems of uncontrolled water use in the application of additive use asan additive havebeen significant impact on the strength of concrete and the workability.This paper describes an experimental study of the use of additives, Beton mix, asadditive to normal concrete with certain level. Specimens have been made withoutreduced of water and also by reduced of water. This study focuses on the workabilityand also the compressive strength of specimens. The results of the compressive strengthtest at 28 days, showed that the specimens without reduce of water increased forspecimens with composition of Beton mix 0.15%, but the specimens that use less 0.15%showed decreased the strength of the concrete linearly. In additional, the slump alsoincreased. In contrast to the specimens by reduced of water, a slump showed decreasedwith a maximum reduction limit of 20%, and the strength of concrete showed anincrease of 5%

Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Siswa dengan Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match dengan Pembelajaran Konvensional di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Aur Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

The background of this research by studying the results of the low economic class X SMA N 1 Sungai Aur Academic Year 2013/2014 . This is caused by the lack of activity of students in the learning process . This study aimed to determine differences in the economic outcomes of students with learning cooperative learning model Make A Match with conventional learning in class X SMAN 1Sungai Aur . This type of research is experimental research . The study population was a student of class X SMA N 1 Sungai Aur academic year 2013/2014. Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique, was chosen as the experimental class class X2 and X3 as grade control class. The instrument used is the achievement test . Techniques of data analysis was to test the hypothesis t test . Based on the analysis of data obtained by the average value of the experimental class average of 76.5 and 67.8 classroom control . Results of data analysis known tcount 3,081 greater than the mean price of 1,960 ttable hypothesis is accepted at significance level α = 0.05 . It can be concluded that the results of the economic study of students with cooperative learning model Make A Match better than economics student learning outcomes in the conventional learning process in class X SMA N 1 Sungai Aur . Keywords : Cooperative Learning Model Make A Match Type , ModelConventional Learning , Learning Outcome

Analisis Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah terhadap Aset Tetap Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

Government Accounting Standard have changed from Cash Basis is to comply with the Government Regulation number 24 2005s to Government Regulation number 71 2010s. Requirement to implemented Accrual basis SAP by the Local Government was start in the Local Government Financial Statement for the year ended on December 2015s. The District Government of Bolaang Mongondow, before implemented accrual basis PP 71/2010 always received non-WTP opinion, because of asset problems. The objective of the research is to analyze the implementation of Government Accounting Standard to Fix Asset on the District Government of Bolaang Mongondow. The result of research indicate that although the District Government of Bolaang Mongondow has implemented the SAP based on accrual basis on this fix assets based on regulation (PP 71/2010) at Local Government Financial Statement Budget Year 2015s, it is found that financial statement still have constraints such differences in recording those assets between accounting division and assets division. In addition, there is non-current asset which do not master by SKPD, there is no information regarding existing assets, and some assets are also not clearly described. Those constraints have caused to gain Qualified Opinion of LKPD 2015s as audited by BPK. Keywords : Implementation, Governmental Accounting Standard, Fix Asset

Policy disconnect: A critical review of UK air quality policy in relation to EU and LAQM responsibilities over the last 20 years

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd This paper critically reviews United Kingdom (UK) air quality policy in relation to European and Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) responsibilities over the last 20 years. The arguments articulated in this paper highlight the gulf between national and local air quality management in the UK, including differences in legislation, legal responsibilities, scales of operation, monitoring and modelling requirements, exceedence reporting and action planning. It is argued that local authorities cannot be held responsible for the UK's failure to achieve the European Union (EU) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) limit values due to fundamental differences between local government responsibilities under LAQM and the UK compliance assessment reporting to the EU. Furthermore, unambitious and counterproductive national policies and the failure of EU light-duty vehicle type approval tests and Euro standards to reduce real-world emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the main reasons for continued NO2 limit value exceedences. This failure of EU and national air quality policies has effectively undermined local authority action to improve local air quality, resulting in delays in achieving the standards, wasted resources at local and national levels, and, ultimately, unnecessary loss of life and increased morbidity in the UK population. This paper concludes that the current emphasis that the UK government is placing on implementation of Clean Air Zones (CAZs) to achieve the Ambient Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EC) (AAQD), and avoid substantial fines imposed by the European Court of Justice (CJEU), is flawed. Based on the arguments presented in this paper, a series of recommendations is proposed for the European Union, the UK government, devolved administrations and local authorities

Spatially resolved investigation of the optical and structural properties of CuCl thin films on Si

CuCl thin films grown on (100) Si by thermal evaporation are studied by means of low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and reflectance spectroscopies. Spatially and wavelength resolved room temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of the surface of the CuCl samples in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has also been performed. The reflectance spectra are modeled using a dielectric response function with various models involving dead layers and reflected waves in the thin film and the exciton-polariton structure obtained is compared to other studies of CuCl. The modeling is shown to match the experimental data quite well when a dead layer is included at the air/CuCl and CuCl/Si interfaces. Some inconsistencies between the CL spectra and those measured by PL and reflectance have been observed. The effects of changing the accelerating voltage of the probe from 10 keV to the range 1-5 keV to allow depth analysis of the CL are reported, in order to pinpoint the spatial origin of the CL emission within the thin film

Low temperature growth technique for nanocrystalline cuprous oxide thin films using microwave plasma oxidation of copper

We report on the direct formation of phase pure nanocrystalline cuprous oxide (Cu2O) film with band gap ~ 2 eV by microwave plasma oxidation of pulsed dc magnetron sputtered Cu films and the highly controlled oxidation of Cu in to Cu2O and CuO phases by controlling the plasma exposure time. The structural, morphological and optoelectronic properties of the films were investigated. p-type Cu2O film with a grain size ~20-30 nm, resistivity of ~66 Ω cm and a hole concentration of ~2×1017 cm-3 is obtained for a plasma exposure time of 10 min without using any foreign dopants. The optical absorption coefficient (~105 cm-1) of the Cu2O film is also reported

Air pollution, deprivation and health: Understanding relationships to add value to local air quality management policy and practice in Wales, UK

© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. Background Air pollution exposure reduces life expectancy. Air pollution, deprivation and poor-health status combinations can create increased and disproportionate disease burdens. Problems and solutions are rarely considered in a broad public health context, but doing so can add value to air quality management efforts by reducing air pollution risks, impacts and inequalities. Methods An ecological study assessed small-area associations between air pollution (nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter), deprivation status and health outcomes in Wales, UK. Results Air pollution concentrations were highest in 'most' deprived areas. When considered separately, deprivation-health associations were stronger than air pollution-health associations. Considered simultaneously, air pollution added to deprivation-health associations; interactions between air pollution and deprivation modified and strengthened associations with all-cause and respiratory disease mortality, especially in 'most' deprived areas where most-vulnerable people lived and where health needs were greatest. Conclusion There is a need to reduce air pollution-related risks for all. However, it is also the case that greater health gains can result from considering local air pollution problems and solutions in the context of wider health-determinants and acting on a better understanding of relationships. Informed and co-ordinated air pollution mitigation and public health action in high deprivation and pollution areas can reduce risks and inequalities. To achieve this, greater public health integration and collaboration in local air quality management policy and practice is needed

Progress with air quality management in the 60 years since the UK clean air act, 1956. Lessons, failures, challenges and opportunities

© 2016 WIT Press, www.witpress.com. This paper explores the challenges, opportunities and progress made with managing air quality since the United Kingdom parliament passed the Clean Air Act, 1956. It seeks to identify the factors contributing to successful management of air quality and the factors that have acted, or continue to do so, as barriers to progress. The public health catastrophe of the 1952 London Smog created the political momentum for the 1956 Act to be passed. The nature of the contemporary air pollution challenge is reviewed in terms of the public health burden, the economic cost and the governmental response. The contemporary response is considered inadequate for the scale and intensity of the problem