Using Machine Learning Techniques to Improve Static Code Analysis Tools Usefulness

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This dissertation proposes an approach to reduce the cost of manual inspections for as large a number of false positive warnings that are being reported by Static Code Analysis (SCA) tools as much as possible using Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The proposed approach neither assume to use the particular SCA tools nor depends on the specific programming language used to write the target source code or the application. To reduce the number of false positive warnings we first evaluated a number of SCA tools in terms of software engineering metrics using a highlighted synthetic source code named the Juliet test suite. From this evaluation, we concluded that the SCA tools report plenty of false positive warnings that need a manual inspection. Then we generated a number of datasets from the source code that forced the SCA tool to generate either true positive, false positive, or false negative warnings. The datasets, then, were used to train four of ML classifiers in order to classify the collected warnings from the synthetic source code. From the experimental results of the ML classifiers, we observed that the classifier that built using the Random Forests (RF) technique outperformed the rest of the classifiers. Lastly, using this classifier and an instance-based transfer learning technique, we ranked a number of warnings that were aggregated from various open-source software projects. The experimental results show that the proposed approach to reduce the cost of the manual inspection of the false positive warnings outperformed the random ranking algorithm and was highly correlated with the ranked list that the optimal ranking algorithm generated

MACRO READING SKILLS INCORPORATED IN GAZA PREPARATORY STAGE ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS AND TEACHERS' PROBLEMS WITH INSTRUCTING THEM

The final goal of any reading activity is to extract the macro-level meaning (Sadeghi, 2021). The study aimed to examine macro-reading skills incorporated in Gaza preparatory stage English textbooks. The study also aimed at investigating the preparatory stage teachers' problems with instructing such skills. The researcher employed an evaluation checklist to examine macro-reading skills included in Palestinian preparatory stage English textbooks. Then, she conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers teaching English to preparatory school students (seventh, eighth, and ninth graders) in Gaza so as to identify their problems with teaching macro-reading skills. Results indicated that the three English textbooks neglected many important macro skills of reading (e.g., identifying implied meaning in a passage, recognizing a sequence, making comparisons, and identifying the rhetorical form of the text). Additionally, the interview data revealed the participants' problems with teaching macro skills of reading (e.g., teachers' focus on micro skills at the expense of macro skills of reading and teachers' lack of knowledge about macro-reading skills).  Article visualizations

The Biosorption of Cr (VI) From Aqueous SolutionUsing Date Palm Fibers (Leef)

The ability of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution using date palm fibers (leef) was investigated .The effects of pH, contact time, sorbets concentration and initial metal ions concentration on the biosorption were investigated.<br />The residual concentration of Cr (VI) in solution was determined colorimetrically using spectrophotometer at wave length 540 nm .The biosorption was pH-dependent, the optimum pH was 7 and adsorption isotherms obtained fitted well with Langmuir isotherms .The Langmuir equation obtained was Ce/Cs = 79.99 Ce-77.39, the correlation factor was 0.908.These results indicate that date palm fibers (leef) has a potential effect for the uptake of Cr (VI) from industrial waste water.<br /

Renal functions in pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia major: relation to chelation therapy: original prospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In β-thalassemia, profound anemia and severe hemosiderosis cause functional and physiological abnormalities in various organ systems. In recent years, there have been few published studies mainly in adult demonstrating renal involvement in β-thalassemia. This prospective study was aimed to investigate renal involvement in pediatric patients with transfusion dependant beta-thalassemia major (TD-βTM), using both conventional and early markers of glomerular and tubular dysfunctions, and to correlate findings to oxidative stress and iron chelation therapy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty-nine TD-βTM patients (aged 1-16 years) and 15 healthy controls (aged 3-14 years) were enrolled in this study. Based on receiving chelation therapy (deferoxamine, DFO), patients were divided into two groups: group [I] with chelation (n = 34) and group [II] without chelation (n = 35). Levels of creatinine (Cr), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (PO₄), uric acid (UA) and albumin were measured by spectrophotometer. Serum (S) levels of cystatin-C (S_CysC) and total antioxidant capacity (S_TAC) and urinary (U) levels of β₂-microglobulin (U_β2MG) were measured by immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (U_NAG) activity and malondialdehyde (U_MDA) were measured by chemical methods. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined from serum creatinine.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In patient with and without chelation, glomerular [elevated S_CysC, S_Cr, U_albumin/Cr and diminished eGFR]; and tubular dysfunctions [elevated S_UA, S_PO4, U_NAG/Cr, U_β2MG/Cr] and oxidative stress marker disturbances [diminished S_TACand elevated U_MDA/Cr] were reported than controls. In patients with chelation, S_CysCwas significantly higher while, S_TACwas significantly lower than those without chelation. In all patients, S_CysCshowed significant positive correlation with S_Crand negative correlation with eGFR; S_TACshowed significant positive correlation with eGFR and negative correlation with S_CysC, S_Cr, U_NAG/Cr; U_MDA/Cr showed significant positive correlation with U_albumin/Cr, U_β2MG/Cr, U_NAG/Cr.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data confirm high frequency of glomerular and tubular dysfunctions in TD-βTM pediatric patients which could be attributed to oxidative stress and DFO therapy.</p

Phytochemical Characterization using GC-MS Analysis of Methanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera ( Family Moringaceae) Plant Cultivated in Iraq

Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize the Moringa oleifera plant cultivated in Iraq for the presence of biologically active phyto-chemicals using methanolic extracts of the plant (leaves and seeds)  . This study was determined by using Gas Chromatography –Mass spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Methods: In the present investigation, methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera were screened for the presence of steroids, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinoin and cardiac glycosides  by standard qualitative test procedures and further this study was extended by analyzing the potent bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract of plant using GC-MS analysis. Results:  reveal the presence of different compounds (about 100 compound)  in the Moringa plant extract  among them alkaloids, terpenoids  steroids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon, polyphenolic compounds . GC-MS was done using the database of National Institute of standard and Technology (NIST). Conclusion: Results confirmed the presence of therapeutically potent compounds in the Moringa extract predominantly steroids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, biologically active, Phytochemicals, GC-MS analysis

Effect of Calorie Restriction on Circadian Rhythms of Glycolytic Enzymes in Mice

Multicellular and unicellular organisms have all proven to exhibit circadian rhythms which persist over approximately 24 hours. This internal time keeping system is responsible for regulating the body\u27s biological functions. It has been known that calorie restriction effects circadian rhythms by causing a response in clock gene expression. These clock genes react to food intake and become either upregulated or downregulated accordingly. With glycolysis being a biological pathway that occurs in most organisms, measuring glycolytic gene expression in the liver tissue of young male mice becomes of interest. More specifically, hexokinase, PFK-1, and pyruvate kinase are the enzymes of interest. By analyzing the expression of key regulatory glycolytic genes in the liver tissue of mice, the importance of how diet effects circadian rhythm will be revealed. Results have shown that calorie restriction has some effect on circadian rhythms of glycolytic gene expression. We propose that if calorie restriction effects the circadian rhythms in the expression of glycolytic genes, then a down regulation in the profiles of ad libitum mice will be seen and an upregulation of calorie restricted mice\u27s genes will be shown.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2016/1008/thumbnail.jp

Immobilization technology for enhancing bio-products industry

Immobilization is the limitation of movement of biocatalysts according to chemical or physical  treatment. Immobilized molecules technique using biomaterials and nano-biotechnology is a very  interesting topic that is touching almost all aspects of our life. Immobilized enzymes, molecules, and  cells have been used in a variety of scientific and industrial applications. Cell immobilization  biotechnology is a multidisciplinary area shown to have an important impact on many scientific  sub-disciplines, including biomedicine, pharmacology, cosmetology, food and agricultural sciences. Many  molecules have been immobilized and the majority of them are bio-molecules due to their biological and biomedical applications. Immobilization of enzymes has made them highly applicable to range of evolving biotechnologies. Immobilized enzymes have proven valuable for many medical applications including drug delivery systems, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as in sensors for the  management of weight and diabetes. Enzyme immobilization is applied in textile industry. The  immobilized microorganism technology offers a multitude of advantages in wastewater treatment. The  immobilized cell systems were applied for the production of many organic compounds such as organic  acid and ethanol. The immobilization of tissue sections, cells and tissue components for histological and  immunohistochemical staining or detection systems is applicable nowadays. Cell immobilization could  potentially benefit food industry.Key words: Immobilized, bio-product, immobilization