The role of size in risk-taking behaviour of the banking sector: cross-country evidence

The risk appetite plays a critical role in banking business. For the bank, it cannot avoid taking risk as leveraging risk can bring profits to bank itself. However, the financial crisis in 2007 damaged the financial system seriously, it is because of the over risk-taking behaviour in financial institutions, especially in the large banks. This paper investigate the bank risk-taking behaviour, and it also examine the relationship between influence factors such as bank size and bank risk appetite. The research bases on an international bank sample with a period from 2006 to 2017, and the fixed effects model will be used. Overall, the empirical results indicate that large size bank does not reduce the bank risk-taking, and other factors such as capital adequacy ratio also would increase the level of bank risk appetite. Besides, the too-big-to-fail bank could reduce bank risk-taking as it has insurances from the too-big-to-fail policy which is set by governments. In addition, this research separates the period from 2006 to 2017 to the period during financial crisis (2006-2008) and post-crisis period (2009-2017) to tell the different influence results between these two certain period and also 2006 to 2017

The role of size in risk-taking behaviour of the banking sector: cross-country evidence

The risk appetite plays a critical role in banking business. For the bank, it cannot avoid taking risk as leveraging risk can bring profits to bank itself. However, the financial crisis in 2007 damaged the financial system seriously, it is because of the over risk-taking behaviour in financial institutions, especially in the large banks. This paper investigate the bank risk-taking behaviour, and it also examine the relationship between influence factors such as bank size and bank risk appetite. The research bases on an international bank sample with a period from 2006 to 2017, and the fixed effects model will be used. Overall, the empirical results indicate that large size bank does not reduce the bank risk-taking, and other factors such as capital adequacy ratio also would increase the level of bank risk appetite. Besides, the too-big-to-fail bank could reduce bank risk-taking as it has insurances from the too-big-to-fail policy which is set by governments. In addition, this research separates the period from 2006 to 2017 to the period during financial crisis (2006-2008) and post-crisis period (2009-2017) to tell the different influence results between these two certain period and also 2006 to 2017

The role of size in risk-taking behaviour of the banking sector: cross-country evidence

The risk appetite plays a critical role in banking business. For the bank, it cannot avoid taking risk as leveraging risk can bring profits to bank itself. However, the financial crisis in 2007 damaged the financial system seriously, it is because of the over risk-taking behaviour in financial institutions, especially in the large banks. This paper investigate the bank risk-taking behaviour, and it also examine the relationship between influence factors such as bank size and bank risk appetite. The research bases on an international bank sample with a period from 2006 to 2017, and the fixed effects model will be used. Overall, the empirical results indicate that large size bank does not reduce the bank risk-taking, and other factors such as capital adequacy ratio also would increase the level of bank risk appetite. Besides, the too-big-to-fail bank could reduce bank risk-taking as it has insurances from the too-big-to-fail policy which is set by governments. In addition, this research separates the period from 2006 to 2017 to the period during financial crisis (2006-2008) and post-crisis period (2009-2017) to tell the different influence results between these two certain period and also 2006 to 2017

View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes based on Deep 3D Mask Volume

Image view synthesis has seen great success in reconstructing photorealistic visuals, thanks to deep learning and various novel representations. The next key step in immersive virtual experiences is view synthesis of dynamic scenes. However, several challenges exist due to the lack of high-quality training datasets, and the additional time dimension for videos of dynamic scenes. To address this issue, we introduce a multi-view video dataset, captured with a custom 10-camera rig in 120FPS. The dataset contains 96 high-quality scenes showing various visual effects and human interactions in outdoor scenes. We develop a new algorithm, Deep 3D Mask Volume, which enables temporally-stable view extrapolation from binocular videos of dynamic scenes, captured by static cameras. Our algorithm addresses the temporal inconsistency of disocclusions by identifying the error-prone areas with a 3D mask volume, and replaces them with static background observed throughout the video. Our method enables manipulation in 3D space as opposed to simple 2D masks, We demonstrate better temporal stability than frame-by-frame static view synthesis methods, or those that use 2D masks. The resulting view synthesis videos show minimal flickering artifacts and allow for larger translational movements

3-D neurohistology of transparent tongue in health and injury with optical clearing

Tongue receives extensive innervation to perform taste, sensory, and motor functions. Details of the tongue neuroanatomy and its plasticity in response to injury offer insights to investigate tongue neurophysiology and pathophysiology. However, due to the dispersed nature of the neural network, standard histology cannot provide a global view of the innervation. We prepared transparent mouse tongue by optical clearing to reveal the spatial features of the tongue innervation and its remodeling in injury. Immunostaining of neuronal markers, including PGP9.5 (pan-neuronal marker), calcitonin gene-related peptide (sensory nerves), tyrosine hydroxylase (sympathetic nerves), and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (cholinergic parasympathetic nerves and neuromuscular junctions), was combined with vessel painting and nuclear staining to label the tissue network and architecture. The tongue specimens were immersed in the optical-clearing solution to facilitate photon penetration for 3-dimensiontal (3-D) confocal microscopy. Taking advantage of the transparent tissue, we simultaneously revealed the tongue microstructure and innervation with subcellular-level resolution. 3-D projection of the papillary neurovascular complex and taste bud innervation was used to demonstrate the spatial features of tongue mucosa and the panoramic imaging approach. In the tongue injury induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide administration in the drinking water, we observed neural tissue remodeling in response to the changes of mucosal and muscular structures. Neural networks and the neuromuscular junctions were both found rearranged at the peri-lesional region, suggesting the nerve-lesion interactions in response to injury. Overall, this new tongue histological approach provides a useful tool for 3-D imaging of neural tissues to better characterize their roles with the mucosal and muscular components in health and disease

Influence of Socioeconomic Factors, Gender and Indigenous Status on Smoking in Taiwan.

The indigenous Austronesian minority of Taiwan is heavily affected by health disparities which may include suffering from a greater burden of the tobacco epidemic. While a lack of representative data has historically precluded an investigation of the differences in smoking between Taiwanese ethnicities, these data have recently become available through an annual population-based telephone survey conducted by the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare (previously known as the Bureau of Health Promotion (BHP), Department of Health). We used the BHP monitoring data to observe the prevalence of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure among indigenous and non-indigenous Taiwanese surrounding a tobacco welfare tax increase in 2006, investigate ethnic differences in smoking prevalence and environmental tobacco smoke exposure each year between 2005 and 2008, and perform multiple logistic regression to estimate measures of association between potential risk factors and smoking status. Despite significant ethnic and gender differences in smoking prevalence, smoking status was not found to be significantly associated with ethnicity after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors

Self-Explanation Prompting Improves Dialogue Understanding in Large Language Models

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems facilitate users in executing various activities via multi-turn dialogues, but Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to comprehend these intricate contexts. In this study, we propose a novel "Self-Explanation" prompting strategy to enhance the comprehension abilities of LLMs in multi-turn dialogues. This task-agnostic approach requires the model to analyze each dialogue utterance before task execution, thereby improving performance across various dialogue-centric tasks. Experimental results from six benchmark datasets confirm that our method consistently outperforms other zero-shot prompts and matches or exceeds the efficacy of few-shot prompts, demonstrating its potential as a powerful tool in enhancing LLMs' comprehension in complex dialogue tasks