164 research outputs found
Prevention programmes for children of problem drinkers: a review
It is well established that children of problem drinkers have an increased risk of developing mental health problems, including drinking and drug misuse problems, depression, eating disorders, conduct disorders, and delinquency. However, compared to the hundreds of studies that have examined the effects of parental problem drinking on their children, the genetics of problem drinking, and the physical and mental problems of these children, it is disappointing that so few studies have explored the possibilities of prevention. Despite all the research on children of problem drinkers, we have no usable operationalizations of what problem drinking is, or when a child can be defined as a child of a problem drinker. Furthermore, no valid screening or severity assessment instruments are available; there is no solution for the ethical dilemma of the need to involve parents while these parents are at the same time the problem; very few theory-driven prevention programmes have been developed; very little is known about protective factors that could be the focus of prevention programmes; and we have no programmes that can be considered to be ‘evidence based’. This paper describes these problems, presents an overview of the prevention research in this area, and gives some directions for future research
Children of female sex workers and drug users: a review of vulnerability, resilience and family-centred models of care
BACKGROUND
Injection drug users and female sex workers are two of the populations most at risk for becoming infected with HIV in countries with concentrated epidemics. Many of the adults who fall into these categories are also parents, but little is known about the vulnerabilities faced by their children, their children's sources of resilience, or programmes providing services to these often fragile families. This review synthesizes evidence from disparate sources describing the vulnerabilities and resilience of the children of female sex workers and drug users, and documents some models of care that have been put in place to assist them.
REVIEW
A large literature assessing the vulnerability and resilience of children of drug users and alcoholics in developed countries was found. Research on the situation of the children of sex workers is extremely limited. Children of drug users and sex workers can face unique risks, stigma and discrimination, but both child vulnerability and resilience are associated in the drug use literature with the physical and mental health of parents and family context. Family-centred interventions have been implemented in low- and middle-income contexts, but they tend to be small, piecemeal and struggling to meet demand; they are poorly documented, and most have not been formally evaluated. We present preliminary descriptive data from an organization working with pregnant and new mothers who are drug users in Ukraine and from an organization providing services to sex workers and their families in Zambia.
CONCLUSIONS
Because parents' drug use or sex work is often illegal and hidden, identifying their children can be difficult and may increase children's vulnerability and marginalization. Researchers and service providers, therefore, need to proceed with caution when attempting to reach these populations, but documentation and evaluation of current programmes should be prioritized.Orphans and Vulnerable Children Comprehensive Action Research Task Order (GHH-I-00-07-00023-00
Signal intensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of condylar marrow changes correspond with slight pain in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders
Increased Risk of Temporomandibular Joint Closed Lock: A Case-Control Study of ANKH Polymorphisms
Objectives: This study aimed to carry out a histological examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in ank mutant mice and to identify polymorphisms of the human ANKH gene in order to establish the relationship between the type of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and ANKH polymorphisms.\ud
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Materials and Methods: Specimens from the TMJ of ank mutant and wild-type mice were inspected with a haematoxylin and eosin staining method. A sample of 55 TMD patients were selected. Each was examined with standard clinical procedures and genotyping techniques.\ud
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Results: The major histological finding in ank mutant mice was joint space narrowing. Within TMD patients, closed lock was more prevalent among ANKH-OR homozygotes (p = 0.011, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.6–36.5) and the elder (p = 0.005, OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.3).\ud
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Conclusions: Fibrous ankylosis was identified in the TMJ of ank mutant mice. In the human sample, ANKH-OR polymorphism was found to be a genetic marker associated with TMJ closed lock. Future investigations correlating genetic polymorphism to TMD are indicated
The temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: frequently used and frequently arthritic
Recent recognition of the markedly high prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) coupled with the significant morbidity associated with TMJ damage has prompted increased interest in both the clinical and pathological aspects of TMJ arthritis. This review focuses on the prevalence of TMJ arthritis in JIA, the imaging modalities used to detect TMJ arthritis, and the treatment of TMJ arthritis in children with JIA
Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Images of Disk Positions and Deformities in 1,265 Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder
Targeting children of substance-using parents with the community-based group intervention TRAMPOLINE: A randomised controlled trial - design, evaluation, recruitment issues
The analgesic effect of photobiomodulation therapy (830 nm) on the masticatory muscles: a randomized, double-blind study
Selective prevention programs for children from substance-affected families: a comprehensive systematic review
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