Analysis of Multithreaded Programs

The field of program analysis has focused primarily on sequential programming langauges. But multithreading is becoming increasingly important, both as a program structuring mechanism and to support efficient parallel computations. This paper surveys research in analysis for mltithreaded programs, focusing on ways to improve the efficiency of analyzing interactions between threads, to detect data races, and to ameliorate the impact of weak memory consistency models. We identify two disctinct classes of multithreaded programs, and discuss how the structure of these kinds of progrms leads to different solutions to thes problems. Specifacll, we conclude that augmented type systems are the most promising approach for activity mangament programs, while targeted program analyses are the most promising approach for parallel computing programs

The Influence of Local Urban Containment Policies and Statewide Growth Management on the Size of United States Urban Areas

In an attempt to slow the consumption of urban land for a given population, and the negative outcomes thought by some to be generated by such sprawl, regulations in the form of (i) the local imposition of urban containment policies that restrict or prohibit the amount and/or the type of urban settlement beyond a certain line and (ii) the statewide enactment of mandatory growth management requirements for all local governments have been enacted in the United States. This paper describes a regression-based analysis that finds that different forms of these policies are achieving their desired goal of shrinking the square mile size of an urban area. A comparison of the influence of the various forms of urban containment and growth management policies with other "natural evolution,""flight from blight," and "fiscalization of land use" factors that also influence the square mile size of an urban area is made, and policy implications are offered. Copyright Blackwell Publishers, 2006