La relation chômage-santé : une étude prospective. Présentation sommaire et premiers résultats d’une recherche

Les auteurs ont entrepris en 1984 une importante étude sur les multiples interrelations entre le chômage et la santé. La méthodologie retenue est prospective, longitudinale, avec groupe contrôle. Ils présentent d'abord une synthèse des travaux effectués puis exposent les résultats obtenus jusqu'à maintenant. Ces résultats vont dans le sens des quatre hypothèses posées a priori. Cependant, ces résultats ne sont pas définitifs. L'analyse se poursuit.In 1984, the authors undertook a major study on the multiple interrelations between unemployment and health. Tlie methodology in use is prospective, longitudinal, with a control group. Their presentation consists of a synthesis of work carried out so far followed by corresponding results. These results are in compliance with the four hypotheses developed through a priori reasoning. However, these results are not definitive. The analysis continues

Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 (CSF-2) Improves Development and Posttransfer Survival of Bovine Embryos Produced in Vitro

In this study, we tested the role of colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as one of the regulatory molecules that mediate maternal effects on embryonic development during the preimplantation period. Our objective was to verify effects of CSF2 on blastocyst yield, determine posttransfer survival, and evaluate properties of the blastocyst formed after CSF2 treatment. In vitro, CSF2 increased the percentage of oocytes that became morulae and blastocysts. Blastocysts that were treated with CSF2 tended to have a greater number of inner cell mass cells and had a higher ratio of inner cell mass to trophectoderm cells. There was no effect of CSF2 on the incidence of apoptosis. Treatment with CSF2 from d 5 to 7 after insemination increased embryonic survival as indicated by improved pregnancy rate at d 30–35 of gestation. Moreover, treatment with CSF2 from either d 1–7 or 5–7 after insemination reduced pregnancy loss after d 30–35. Results indicate that treatment with CSF2 can affect embryonic development and enhance embryo competence for posttransfer survival. The fact that treatment with CSF2 during such a narrow window of development altered embryonic function much later in pregnancy suggests that CSF2 may exert epigenetic effects on the developing embryo that result in persistent changes in function during the embryonic and fetal periods of development

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed